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Ma L, Dai X, Ai G, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Pan C, Hu M, Jiang C, Wang L, Dong Z. Isolation and Identification of Efficient Malathion-Degrading Bacteria from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Sediment. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091797. [PMID: 36144399 PMCID: PMC9502784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and metabolic diversity of deep-sea microorganisms play important roles in phosphorus and sulfur cycles in the ocean, distinguishing them from terrestrial counterparts. Malathion is a representative organophosphorus component in herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides and is analogues of neurotoxic agent. Malathion has been one of the best-selling generic organophosphate insecticides from 1980 to 2012. Most of the sprayed malathion has migrated by surface runoff to ocean sinks, and it is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Hitherto, there is no report on bacterial cultures capable of degrading malathion isolated from deep-sea sediment. In this study, eight bacterial strains, isolated from sediments from deep-sea hydrothermal regions, were identified as malathion degradators. Two of the tested strains, Pseudidiomarina homiensis strain FG2 and Pseudidiomarina sp. strain CB1, can completely degrade an initial concentration of 500 mg/L malathion within 36 h. Since the two strains have abundant carboxylesterases (CEs) genes, malathion monocarboxylic acid (MMC α and MMC β) and dibasic carboxylic acid were detected as key intermediate metabolites of malathion degradation, and the pathway of malathion degradation between the two strains was identified as a passage from malathion monocarboxylic acid to malathion dicarboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaofang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-Tech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Chaozhi Pan
- Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-Tech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Meng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Rd., Yuelu District, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhiyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.D.)
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Lamb RW, McAlexander H, Woodley CM, Shukla MK. Towards a comprehensive understanding of malathion degradation: comparison of degradation reactions under alkaline and radical conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1026-1036. [PMID: 35575998 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is a commercially available insecticide that functions by acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Of significant concern, if left in the environment, some of the products observed from the degradation of malathion can function as more potent toxins than the parent compound. Accordingly, there are numerous studies revolving around possible degradation strategies to remove malathion from various environmental media. One of the possible approaches is the degradation of malathion by OH˙ radicals which could be produced from both artificial and biological means in the environment. While there is plenty of evidence that OH˙ does in fact degrade malathion, there is little understanding of the underlying mechanism by which OH˙ reacts with malathion. Moreover, it is not known how competitive the radical degradation pathway is with analogous alkaline degradation pathways. Even less is known about the reaction of additional OH˙ radicals with the degradation byproducts themselves. Herein, we demonstrate that OH˙ induced degradation pathways have variable competitiveness with OH- driven degradation pathways and, in some cases, produce quite different reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Lamb
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Harley McAlexander
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
| | - Christa M Woodley
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
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Dar MA, Chanwala J, Meena PR, Singh AP, Kaushik G. Biodegradation of malathion by Micrococcus sp. strain MAGK3: kinetics and degradation fragments. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:482. [PMID: 35834020 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malathion is widely used as an agricultural insecticide, but its toxic nature makes it a serious environmental contaminant. To screen indigenous bacteria for malathion degradation, a strain MAGK3 capable of utilizing malathion as its sole carbon and energy source was isolated from Pennisetum glaucum agricultural soil. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain MAGK3 was identified as Micrococcus aloeverae. The strain was cultured in the presence of malathion under aerobic and energy-restricting conditions, and it grew well in MSM containing malathion (1000 µl/L), showing the highest specific growth rate at 500 µl/L. Reverse-phase UHPLC-DAD analysis indicated that 100%, 90.48%, 84.27%, 75.46%, 66.65%, and 31.96% of malathion were degraded within 15 days in liquid culture augmented with 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 µl/L concentrations of commercial malathion, respectively. Confirmation of malathion degradation to malathion mono, diacids, and phosphorus moiety was performed by Q-TOF-MS analysis, and a pathway of biodegradation was proposed. The influence of co-substrates was also examined to optimize biodegradation further. Kinetic studies based on different models were conducted, and the results demonstrated good conformity with the first-order model. Malathion degradation process by Micrococcus aloeverae was characterized by R2 of 0.95, and the initial concentration was reduced by 50% i.e. (DT50) in 8.11 d at an initial concentration of 500 µl/L. This establishes the Micrococcus sp. as a potent candidate for active bioremediation of malathion in liquid cultures as it can withstand high malathion load and can possibly impact the development strategies of bioremediation for its elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Dar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Jeky Chanwala
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Prem Raj Meena
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Arvind Pratap Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Garima Kaushik
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Optimizing the malathion degrading potential of a newly isolated Bacillus sp. AGM5 based on Taguchi design of experiment and elucidation of degradation pathway. Biodegradation 2022; 33:419-439. [PMID: 35575957 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Malathion, a pesticide used to control pests in crops, vegetables, fruits, and livestock. Its widespread and indiscriminate usage has ensued in different ecological issues, thus, it's vital to remediate this insecticide. Malathion degrading bacterium Bacillus sp. AGM5, isolated from pesticide contaminated agricultural field was cultured in presence of different malathion concentrations under aerobic and energy restrictive conditions and was found effective at malathion degradation. Recovered malathion was extracted based on QuEChERS approach and then analyzed by UHPLC. About 39.5% of malathion biodegradation was observed at 300 µlL-1 after 96 h of incubation with the tested bacteria which increased to 58.5% and 72.5% after 240, and 360 h of incubation, respectively. To further enhance malathion biodegradation, the effects of co-substrates, pH, temperature, initial malathion concentration, agitation (rpm), and inoculum size were evaluated using Taguchi methodology. Taguchi DOE's ability to predict the optimal response was established experimentally via optimised levels of these factors (glucose-0.1%, yeast extract-0.1%, inoculum size-2% wv-1, malathion concentration 300 µlL-1, rpm-150, pH-7, temperature 40 °C), whereby biodegradation rate was enhanced to 95.49% after 38 h. Confirmation of malathion biodegradation was performed by UHPLC, Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS analysis and a possible degradation pathway was proposed for malathion biodegradation. First order kinetic model was appropriate to describe malathion biodegradation. The Taguchi DOE proved to be viable tool for optimizing culture conditions and analysing the interactions between process parameters in order to attain the best feasible combination for maximum malathion degradation. These results could influence the development of a bioremediation strategy.
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Lamb RW, McAlexander H, Woodley CM, Shukla MK. Towards a comprehensive understanding of malathion degradation: theoretical investigation of degradation pathways and related kinetics under alkaline conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1231-1241. [PMID: 34319331 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is a commercially available insecticide that functions by acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Of more significant concern, if left in the environment, some of the products observed from the degradation of malathion can function as more potent toxins than the parent compound. These compounds may threaten human life if they are present in high quantities during operation in contaminated or industrial areas. Several experimental studies have been performed to elucidate the possible degradation products of malathion under various conditions to probe both the application of potential remediation methods and the environmental fate of the degradation products. However, only limited computational studies have been reported to delineate the mechanism by which malathion degrades under environmental conditions and how these degradation mechanisms are intertwined with one another. Herein, M06-2X DFT computations were employed to develop comprehensive degradation pathways from the parent malathion compound to a multitude of experimentally observed degradation products. These data corroborate experimental observations that multiple degradation pathways (ester hydrolysis and elimination) are in competition with each other, and the end-products can therefore be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. Furthermore, the products resulting from any of the initial degradation pathways (ester hydrolysis, elimination, or P-S hydrolysis) can continue to degrade under the same conditions into compounds that are also reported to be toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Lamb
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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6
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Bouteh E, Ahmadi N, Abbasi M, Torabian A, van Loosdrecht MCM, Ducoste J. Biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides in moving bed biofilm reactors: Analysis of microbial community and biodegradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124950. [PMID: 33385721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the performance of a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with respect to general bioconversion processes and biotransformation of two commonly used organophosphorus pesticides, Chlorpyrifos (CHL) and Malathion (MAL). The reactor was operated for 300 days under different organic loads by changing hydraulic retention time (HRT). The decrease in organic load resulted in the formation of a thinner biofilm and the growth of more biomass in the bulk, which greatly shifted bioconversion processes. The low organic loading supported more nitrification in the reactor, but an opposite trend was observed for denitrification, which was enhanced at higher organic loading where the formation of anoxic zones in the thick biofilm was favored. 70% and 55% removal corresponding to 210 and 165 µg/m2/d occurred for MAL and CHL, respectively, at an HRT of 3 h and progressively increased with higher HRTs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a shift in composition and abundance of taxa throughout the reactor operation where lower loading rate supported the growth of a more diverse and evenly distributed community. The analysis also highlighted the dominance of heterotrophic communities such as Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter johnsonii, which could be involved in the biotransformation of CHL and MAL through co-metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Bouteh
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Abbasi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Torabian
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 Hz Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Joel Ducoste
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Kumar SS, Ghosh P, Malyan SK, Sharma J, Kumar V. A comprehensive review on enzymatic degradation of the organophosphate pesticide malathion in the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 37:288-329. [PMID: 31566482 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1654809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of available bioremediation technologies for the pesticide malathion is presented. This review article describes the usage and consequences of malathion in the environment, along with a critical discussion on modes of metabolism of malathion as a sole source of carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur for bacteria, and fungi along with the biochemical and molecular aspects involved in its biodegradation. Additionally, the recent approaches of genetic engineering are discussed for the manipulation of important enzymes and microorganisms for enhanced malathion degradation along with the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita S Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Research Centre, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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8
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Geed SR, Kureel MK, Giri BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. Performance evaluation of Malathion biodegradation in batch and continuous packed bed bioreactor (PBBR). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:56-65. [PMID: 28013137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the biodegradation of Malathion in batch and continuous packed bed (Polyurethane foam; PUF) bioreactor (PBBR). After 10days, 89% Malathion removal was observed in batch PBBR. Continuous PBBR was operated at various flow rates (5-30mL/h) under optimum condition over a period of 75days. Inlet loading rates and elimination capacities were observed in the range of 36-216 and 7.20-145.4mg/L/day with an average removal efficiency of more than 90% under steady state conditions. GC/MS analysis confirms phosphorodithionicacid,O,O,S-trimethylester and diethylmercaptosuccinate as metabolites. Biodegradation of Malathion under inhibitory and non-inhibitory conditions was studied using Monod and Andrew-Haldane models and the kinetic constants were calculated and found to be μmax: 0.271 per day; Ks: 126.3mg/L using Monod and μmax: 0.315 per day; Ks: 151.32mg/L; Ki: 594.75mg/L using Andrew-Haldane models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Geed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - M K Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B S Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - B N Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Rauglas E, Martin S, Bailey K, Magnuson M, Phillips R, Harper WF. The effect of malathion on the activity, performance, and microbial ecology of activated sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 183:220-228. [PMID: 27594690 PMCID: PMC5797651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of a VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate) surrogate (malathion) on the activity, performance, and ecology of activated sludge bioreactors. In the presence of malathion, the maximum observed respiration rates varied between 43 and 53 μg/O2 min, generally similar to the 49 μg O2/min rates observed in controls. Malathion did not alter the respiration ratio of O2 consumed-to-CO2 produced nor did it impact the shape of the oxygen consumption curves during respirometry. Shorter term (12 h) batch tests showed that both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia removal were not negatively impacted by the presence of 0.1-3 mg/L malathion. Longer term continuous addition (i.e. 40 days) of 0.1 mg/L of malathion also had no effect on COD and ammonia removal. In contrast to shorter term exposures, longer term continuous addition of 3 mg/L of malathion negatively impacted both COD and nitrogen removal and was associated with shifts in the abundance of species that are common to activated sludge. These results illustrate the impact that chemicals like malathion may have on COD removal, and nitrification, as well as the robustness of activated sludge microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Rauglas
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Seth Martin
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Kandace Bailey
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education Program, Air Force Institute of Technology, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Matthew Magnuson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Homeland Security Research Center, Water Infrastructure Protection Division, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Mailstop NG-16, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Rebecca Phillips
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, ML-8801 RR, Washington, DC 20011, USA
| | - Willie F Harper
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Department of Systems Engineering and Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
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Amal ES, Ahmed FA, Magdy AA, Shabaan HA, Tamer ME. Isolation and characterization of two malathion-degrading Pseudomonas sp. in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2016.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Grijalbo L, Garbisu C, Martín I, Etxebarria J, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Lucas Garcia JA. Functional diversity and dynamics of bacterial communities in a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of metal-working fluid wastewater. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2015; 13:1006-1019. [PMID: 26608762 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An extensive microbiological study has been carried out in a membrane bioreactor fed with activated sludge and metal-working fluids. Functional diversity and dynamics of bacterial communities were studied with different approaches. Functional diversity of culturable bacterial communities was studied with different Biolog™ plates. Structure and dynamics of bacterial communities were studied in culturable and in non-culturable fractions using a 16S rRNA analysis. Among the culturable bacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the predominant classes. However, changes in microbial community structure were detected over time. Culture-independent analysis showed that Betaproteobacteria was the most frequently detected class in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) community with Zoogloea and Acidovorax as dominant genera. Also, among non-culturable bacteria, a process of succession was observed. Longitudinal structural shifts observed were more marked for non-culturable than for culturable bacteria, pointing towards an important role in the MBR performance. Microbial community metabolic abilities assessed with Biolog™ Gram negative, Gram positive and anaerobic plates also showed differences over time for Shannon's diversity index, kinetics of average well colour development, and the intensely used substrates by bacterial community in each plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Grijalbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU., Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain E-mail:
| | - Carlos Garbisu
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Iker Martín
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Etxebarria
- GAIKER Tecnological Centre, IK4 Research Alliance, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - F Javier Gutierrez-Mañero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU., Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain E-mail:
| | - Jose Antonio Lucas Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU., Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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Miyoshi T, Nagai Y, Aizawa T, Kimura K, Watanabe Y. Proteins causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:844-849. [PMID: 26360742 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the details of proteins causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating real municipal wastewater were investigated. Two separate pilot-scale MBRs were continuously operated under significantly different operating conditions; one MBR was a submerged type whereas the other was a side-stream type. The submerged and side-stream MBRs were operated for 20 and 10 days, respectively. At the end of continuous operation, the foulants were extracted from the fouled membranes. The proteins contained in the extracted foulants were enriched by using the combination of crude concentration with an ultrafiltration membrane and trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). The N-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis of the proteins which formed intensive spots on the 2D-PAGE gels allowed us to partially identify one protein (OmpA family protein originated from genus Brevundimonas or Riemerella anatipestifer) from the foulant obtained from the submerged MBR, and two proteins (OprD and OprF originated from genus Pseudomonas) from that obtained from the side-stream MBR. Despite the significant difference in operating conditions of the two MBRs, all proteins identified in this study belong to β-barrel protein. These findings strongly suggest the importance of β-barrel proteins in developing membrane fouling in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Miyoshi
- Research Center for Environmental Nano and Bio Engineering in Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan E-mail: ; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nagai
- Division of Built Environment, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, N10W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Katsuki Kimura
- Division of Built Environment, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Watanabe
- Research Center for Environmental Nano and Bio Engineering in Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan E-mail:
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