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So HL, Wang L, Liu J, Chu W, Li T, Abdelhaleem A. Insights into the degradation of diphenhydramine - An emerging SARS-CoV-2 medicine by UV/Sulfite. Sep Purif Technol 2022; 303:122193. [PMID: 36168647 PMCID: PMC9502506 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As Diphenhydramine (DPH) has been considered as a drug to treat SARS-CoV-2, the degradation of DPH from water was investigated and evaluated in this study by adopting an advanced oxidation/advanced reduction process – the UV/sulfite process. The UV/sulfite system was able to eliminate DPH within 6 mins under UV254nm and 1.0 mM sulfite. It was observed that the presence of NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, HCO3-, and SO42- anions in water can affect the performance of UV/Sulfite degradation system. The mechanism of UV/sulfite/anions was evaluated which the presence of NO3- in UV/sulfite process has revealed faster initial decay rate but lower final DPH removal. It was observed that the UV/Sulfite process was extremely sensitive to pH as the dissociation of ion species varied among pH. The reaction became sluggish in acidic solution due to the dissociation of less reactive species such as HSO3-. In alkaline solution, SO32- was the dominant species, producing powerful SO3∙- and eaq- when activated by UV at 254 nm. By conducting LC/MS analysis, the degradation pathway was proposed and can be summarized into four main pathways: hydroxylation, side chain cleavage, losing aromatic ring or ring opening. Scavenging tests were also carried out and validated the presence of various radicals contributing to the reaction, including eaq-, H˙, OH˙, SO3˙-, O2•- and SO4˙-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Lam So
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 760 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jianghui Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Amal Abdelhaleem
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Wang N, Zhang H, Ma X, Zhang J, Sun J, Wang X, Zhou J, Wang J, Ge C. Joint action of binary mixtures based on parameter k·EC x from concentration-response curves in long-term toxicity assay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103917. [PMID: 35779704 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A previous acute toxicity study of binary mixtures showed that the combined toxicity can be predicted with the parameter k∙ECx. To systematically investigate the ability of k∙ECx to predict the chronic combined toxicity of binary mixtures, the toxicity of six contaminants and five binary mixtures was determined by long-term microplate toxicity analysis (L-MTA) using Aliivibrio fischeri as the test organism. The independent action model (IA) and the relative model deviation ratio (rMDR) were employed to determine the relationship between the Δ(k∙ECx)% and rMDRx. The results showed that these two factors conformed to the exponential function in long-term toxicity. Owing to the time-dependence of toxicity, the mixture type of chronic toxicity changes to the relative type of acute toxicity. If the acute toxicity of binary mixtures changes their mode of joint action throughout the concentration range, the chronic toxicity will also change their mode of joint action, and vice versa. This study clarified the change rules of the joint action of binary mixtures in acute and chronic toxicity which can promote research on chronic toxicity of binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Huanle Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering, Shaanxi, Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingkun Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajing Sun
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering, Shaanxi, Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhong Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of arts and sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengmin Ge
- Shandong Dongyuan New Material Technology Co., Ltd, Dongying 257300, Shandong, China
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de Andrade FV, Augusti R, de Lima GM. Ultrasound for the remediation of contaminated waters with persistent organic pollutants: A short review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105719. [PMID: 34450413 PMCID: PMC8387924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The rising amount of persistent organic contaminants released into water reservoirs in the last years became a cause of concern for the industry, academy, and public administration, due to their bioaccumulation, mutagenicity, and photosynthesis reduction. Therefore, the search for processes that efficiently remove such contaminants became of primary importance. In this context, ultrasound (US) is one of the most promising and economically viable alternatives to degrade organic pollutants in varied environments. Whereas the use of other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as Fenton and photocatalysis, has been widely reported for this purpose, only a few papers deal with ultrasound application as a possible AOP. In this review, a general overview of ultrasound is provided, covering the last twenty years. It includes fundamental aspects of ultrasound and applications, individually or combined with other AOPs, to deplete organic pollutants from various classes in an aqueous environment. Finally, the review concludes by indicating that additional research should be conducted worldwide to explore the full potential of ultrasound as a useful AOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V de Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá - Campus Itabira, Advanced Ceramic Materials Laboratory - LCAv, Research Group in Materials and Nanoscience - GPMN, Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200 - Distrito Industrial II, 35903-087 Itabira, MG, Brazil.
| | - R Augusti
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Chemistry, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - G M de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Chemistry, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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Wang N, Sun R, Ma X, Wang X, Zhou J. Prediction of the joint action of binary mixtures based on characteristic parameter k∙EC x from concentration-response curves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112155. [PMID: 33756291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of joint toxicity of mixtures is an important topic in toxicology. Previous studies have found that the parameter k∙ECx of concentration response curves (CRCs) can be used to assess the applicability of concentration addition model (CA). This study further assesses the predictability of k∙ECx on the joint toxicity evaluation. The toxicities of the twelve environmental pollutants, as well as those of binary mixtures with an equivalent-effect concentration ratio, to Vibrio fischeri were determined by using the microplate toxicity analysis. The toxicity evaluation of mixtures was conducted by CA and independent action model (IA). The relationship between the joint toxicity (measured by the relative model deviation ratio (rMDR)) and the k∙ECx was studied. The results shows that the k∙ECx could reflect the shape of CRCs in the whole concentration range. According to the IA and CA, 65% of the mixtures produce strong antagonistic or synergistic effect due to the significant difference of k∙ECx. The percentage of the relative difference of k∙ECx of components and the rMDRx can be fitted by an exponential function. Different types of interactions could be described using this function. It is suggested that the joint toxicity of binary mixtures can be assessed with the parameter k∙ECx, which can quickly get very important data when planning experiments, but also reduce the number of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ruru Sun
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhong Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
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He X, O'Shea KE. Rapid transformation of H 1-antihistamines cetirizine (CET) and diphenhydramine (DPH) by direct peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:123219. [PMID: 32768849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With growing interest in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), the number of research studies on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) mediated pollutant degradation has increased significantly due to its high radical generation potential upon activation. However, rare studies have focused on the non-radical based PMS reactions. In this study, degradation of model H1-antihistamines cetirizine (CET) and diphenhydramine (DPH) by unactivated PMS was investigated. Addition of scavengers to the reaction mixture ruled out the involvement of hydroxyl radical (OH), sulfate radical (SO4-), singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2-), indicating direct PMS oxidation as the predominant reaction path. Such a mechanism was further supported by the N-oxide products identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Solution pH had a pronounced influence on the degradation kinetics regardless the presence or absence of transition metal Fe(II). The highest species dependent second order rate constants were kHSO5-/DPH0 of 175 ± 15.9 M-1 s-1 and kHSO5-/CET- of 36.6 ± 0.16 M-1 s-1. The addition of 100 μM Fe(II) promoted OH mediated degradation of H1-antihistamines and their N-oxide products. This study demonstrated selective transformation with the potential for extensive degradation employing both the direct and catalytic PMS oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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He X, O'Shea KE. Selective oxidation of H 1-antihistamines by unactivated peroxymonosulfate (PMS): Influence of inorganic anions and organic compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116401. [PMID: 32932094 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and selective peroxymonosulfate (PMS) induced transformation of H1-antihistamines cetirizine (CET) and diphenhydramine (DPH) can be influenced by the presence of common organic and inorganic water constituents. Presence of HCO3- and/or CO32-, which often exhibit powerful inhibition on the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), can enhance the PMS mediated transformation of CET/DPH. The observed promotion is demonstrated by the changed solution pH through detailed kinetic studies. The impact of halide ions is remarkable, with I- inhibiting the process through consumption of PMS, while Cl- increases slightly the transformation kinetics through the formation and subsequent reactions of HOCl. The CET/DPH degradation in the Br-/PMS system is influenced by the generation of reactive species such as HOBr which leads to different reaction pathways as compared to PMS alone. The results demonstrated the performance of PMS can be tailored through varying the experimental parameters. In addition, the presence of model organic constituents found in water, e.g., humic acid, phenol, pyridine or sorbate, has a minimal effect on the PMS mediated oxidation processes, highlighting the strong application potential of PMS in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199, USA.
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199, USA.
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Song L, Yi C, Wu Q, Li Z, Zhang W, Hong H. Photocatalytic degradation of diphenhydramine in aqueous solution by natural dolomite. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38663-38671. [PMID: 35517517 PMCID: PMC9057300 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dolomite, an inexpensive and vastly available natural material, was demonstrated as a potential heterogeneous photocatalyst for the efficient removal of diphenhydramine (DP) from aqueous solution under simulated solar light in this study. About 65% DP removal and 14% mineralization were achieved with dolomite as a catalyst after 75 min irradiation. The electron spin resonance analysis and scavenger experiments verified that 1O2, ˙OH, and O2−˙ produced in the dolomite system were the main reactive species responsible for DP degradation. Furthermore, first-principle calculations combined with deoxygenation experiments were employed to elucidate the photocatalytic mechanism. The results revealed that the dolomite changed from an insulator to a semiconductor after partial substitution of Mg2+ by Fe2+, suggesting that natural dolomite could act as a semiconductor photocatalyst in photoreactions. Under irradiation, photo-excited electrons and holes separate and migrate to the surface of dolomite, and subsequently react to form reactive species resulting in the DP degradation. Product studies demonstrated that the main degradation pathways of DP included hydroxylation of the aromatic ring as well as hydroxyl radical mediated oxidation of the alkylamine side chain. This work indicated that natural dolomite could be applied in water and wastewater treatment as a promising photocatalyst. Natural dolomite, an inexpensive and vastly available natural material, was demonstrated as a potential heterogeneous photocatalyst for the efficient removal of diphenhydramine (DP) from aqueous solution under simulated solar light in this study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Song
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University 1 Nanhuan Road Jingzhou Hubei 434023 China
| | - Chunlin Yi
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University 1 Nanhuan Road Jingzhou Hubei 434023 China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University 1 Nanhuan Road Jingzhou Hubei 434023 China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside 900 Wood Road, Kenosha WI 53144 USA
| | - Weibin Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University 1 Nanhuan Road Jingzhou Hubei 434023 China
| | - Hanlie Hong
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences 388 Lumo Road Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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