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Zhang S, Wang A, Li L, Liang Z, Huang K, Ye Q, Deng G, Yang Y, Li P, Yu G, Liang Y. Phosphorus immobilization in sulfide-ferrous oxidation process driven by nitrate reduction during black-odorous sediment remediation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 407:131130. [PMID: 39032533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
During remediation of black-odorous sediment, the pathways of phosphorus immobilization require clarification alongside the oxidation of sulfide and ferrous. This study separated the oxidation stages of sulfide and ferrous through controlled sodium nitrate dosing ratios and methods, and analyzed the changes in phosphorus species and immobilization effects throughout these processes. Results showed that iron-bound phosphorus was the primary contributor to the phosphorus immobilization in the oxidation process, with increased 19% in ferrous oxidation stage and affected the transformation between phosphorus sources or sinks in the adsorption experiment. Additionally, the increase in abundance of phosphorus uptake and transport genes, and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation genes in sediment after ferrous oxidation (1 %-18 % and 87 %-164 %, respectively) indicated the potential for biological phosphorus immobilization. These results demonstrated that higher degrees of sediment oxidation correlate with stronger phosphorus immobilization capacities, providing theoretical bases for phosphorus immobilization during the restoration of black-odorous water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kongrong Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingqi Ye
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangkang Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuhai Liang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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2
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Borah P, Mitra S, Reang D. Geochemical fractionation of iron in paper industry and municipal landfill soils: Ecological and health risks insights. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118508. [PMID: 38395333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Industrial processes and municipal wastes largely contribute to the fluctuations in iron (Fe) content in soils. Fe, when present in unfavorable amount, causes harmful effects on human, flora, and fauna. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the composition of Fe in surface soils from paper mill and municipal landfill sites and assess their potential ecological and human health risks. Geochemical fractionation was conducted to explore the chemical bonding of Fe across different fractions, i.e., water-soluble (F1) to residual (F6). Different contamination factors and pollution indices were evaluated to comprehend Fe contamination extent across the study area. Results indicated the preference for less mobile forms in the paper mill and landfill, with 26.66% and 43.46% of Fe associated with the Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction (F4), and 57.22% and 24.78% in the residual fraction (F6). Maximum mobility factor (MF) of 30.65% was observed in the paper mill, and 80.37% in the landfill. The enrichment factor (EF) varied within the range of 20 < EF < 40, signifying a high level of enrichment in the soil. The individual contamination factor (ICF) ranged from 0 to >6, highlighting low to high contamination. Adults were found to be more vulnerable towards Fe associated health risks compared to children. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) index showed the highest risk potential pathways as dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation. The study offers insights into potential Fe contamination risks in comparable environments, underscoring the crucial role of thorough soil assessments in shaping land use and waste management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Borah
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Demsai Reang
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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3
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Zhou K, Zhang H, Guo D, Gao S, Pei Y, Hou L. Amorphous Fe substrate enhances nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sulfur autotrophic process. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121581. [PMID: 38614032 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The autotrophic denitrification of coupled sulfur and natural iron ore can remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater with low C/N ratios. However, the low solubility of crystalline Fe limits its bioavailability and P absorption capacity. This study investigated the effects of amorphous Fe in drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) and crystalline Fe in red mud (RM) on nitrogen and phosphorus removal during sulfur autotrophic processes. Two types of S-Fe cross-linked filler particles with three-dimensional mesh structures were obtained by combining sulfur with the DWTR/RM using the hydrogel encapsulation method. Two fixed-bed reactors, sulfur-DWTR autotrophic denitrification (SDAD) and sulfur-RM autotrophic denitrification (SRAD), were constructed and stably operated for 236 d Under a 5-8-h hydraulic retention time, the average NO3--N, TN, and phosphate removal rates of SDAD and SRAD were 99.04 %, 96.29 %, 94.03 % (SDAD) and 97.33 %, 69.97 %, 82.26 % (SRAD), respectively. It is important to note that fermentative iron-reducing bacteria, specifically Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, were present in SDAD at an abundance of 58.17 %, but were absent from SRAD. The presence of these bacteria facilitated the reduction of Fe (III) to Fe (II), which led to the complete denitrification of the S-Fe (II) co-electron donor to produce Fe (III), completing the iron cycle in the system. This study proposes an enhancement method for sulfur autotrophic denitrification using an amorphous Fe substrate, providing a new option for the efficient treatment of low-C/N wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuocheng Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Li'an Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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4
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Chen Y, Ding W, Bai Y, Wang X, Shen N, Li L, Lu D, Zhou Y. Phosphorus release and realignment in anaerobic digestion of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment sludge - Masking effects from high ammonium. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121488. [PMID: 38513371 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a significant phosphorus (P) repository, and there is a growing interest in P recovery from WAS. Typically, the commercial technology for treating WAS involves thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) coupled with anaerobic digestion (AD). However, there is ongoing debate regarding the transformation and distribution of P throughout this process. To address this, a long-term THP-AD process was operated in this study to comprehensively investigate P transformation and distribution. The results revealed that a substantial biodegradation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) raised the pH of the digestate to 8.3 during the AD process. This increased pH facilitated the dissolution of Al, leading to a reduction of 6.92 mg/L of NaOH-P. Simultaneously, sulfate reduction contributed to a decrease of 11.04 mg/L of Bipy-P in the solid. However, the reduction of Bipy-P and NaOH-P in the solid did not result in an improved P release to the supernatant. Conversely, a decrease of 23.60 mg/L P in the aqueous phase was observed after anaerobic digestion. The disappeared P was primarily precipitated with Mg and Ca, driven by the increased pH, and it contributed to the increase of HCl-P in the solid from 107.80 to 144.52 mg/L. These findings were further confirmed by results obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of P transformation during THP-AD process that is nearly opposite from conventional AD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yu Bai
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Nan Shen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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5
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Wang C, Shen X, Fan B, Huang W, Huang C, Bai L, Jiang H. Phosphorus migration from sediment to phosphorus-inactivating material: A key process neglected by common phosphorus immobilization assessments for lake geoengineering. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 21:100197. [PMID: 37655163 PMCID: PMC10466892 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Various phosphorus (P)-inactivating materials with a strong capability of immobilizing P in sediment have been developed for lake geoengineering purposes to control internal P pollution. However, unsatisfactory applications have raised concerns about the reliability of the method. This study hypothesized that P migration from sediment to material is a key process regulating the immobilization, which is often neglected by common assessment procedures that assume that the material is closely in contact with sediment (e.g., as mixtures). To verify this hypothesis, 90-day incubation tests were conducted using drinking water treatment residue (DWTR). The results showed that the soluble P in the overlying water of sediment-DWTR mixtures and the mobile P in the mixtures were substantially reduced from the initial period and remained low during the whole incubation tests. However, assessment based on separated samples indicated a gradual P migration from sediment to DWTR for immobilization. Even after 90 days of incubation, mobile P still accounted for ∼5.33% of total P in the separated sediment. Further analysis suggested that using mixtures of sediment with DWTR accelerated P migration during the assessment, leading to a faster P immobilization assessment. Considering the relatively low levels of mobile P in the separated DWTR during incubation, the gradual decrease in mobile P in the separated sediment indicates that sediment P release regulates P immobilization efficiency. Therefore, designing a proper strategy to ensure sufficient time for the material to remain in close contact with the target sediment is critical to reducing uncertainties in lake geoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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6
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Cheng W, Ma X, Chen H, Chen R, Wang D. Yttrium-modified drinking water treatment residue for efficient phosphorus removal: efficacy, mechanism, and reproducibility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111611-111626. [PMID: 37819473 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The excessive presence of phosphate can cause eutrophication in water bodies. Yttrium has an extremely high affinity for phosphorus and is capable of forming stable complexes at low concentrations. Moreover, limitations in the resourcefulness of drinking water treatment residues were observed. In this study, a highly efficient phosphorus removal adsorbent (RJDWTR@Y) was prepared by calcination-alkali leaching-yttrium-loaded composite modification employing domestic drinking water treatment residue as raw material. And the effects of multiple factors on phosphate adsorption by RJDWTR@Y were examined. The results illustrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the RJDWTR@Y for phosphate was 319.76 mg/g, with the chemical reaction of the multilayer as the predominant adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism is electrostatic gravitational force and the inner sphere complexation effect. RJDWTR@Y was effective against interference even at high concentrations of the coexisting anion. After five cycles, the desorption efficiency of phosphate was 75.11%. Filling the fixed bed with the material can efficiently remove phosphorus from the flowing liquid. The synthesis of RJDWTR@Y and the results of the study indicated that it has good application prospects. In addition to efficiently removing phosphorus, it can also recycle waste and achieve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Rongsheng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Dongtian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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7
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Qu J, Li Z, Bi F, Zhang X, Zhang B, Li K, Wang S, Sun M, Ma J, Zhang Y. A multiple Kirkendall strategy for converting nanosized zero-valent iron to highly active Fenton-like catalyst for organics degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304552120. [PMID: 37725641 PMCID: PMC10523465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304552120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a promising persulfate (PS) activator, however, its structurally dense oxide shell seriously inhibited electrons transfer for O-O bond cleavage of PS. Herein, we introduced sulfidation and phosphorus-doped biochar for breaking the pristine oxide shell with formation of FeS and FePO4-containing mixed shell. In this case, the faster diffusion rate of iron atoms compared to shell components triggered multiple Kirkendall effects, causing inward fluxion of vacancies with further coalescing into radial nanocracks. Exemplified by trichloroethylene (TCE) removal, such a unique "lemon-slice-like" nanocrack structure favored fast outward transfer of electrons and ferrous ions across the mixed shell to PS activation for high-efficient generation and utilization of reactive species, as evidenced by effective dechlorination (90.6%) and mineralization (85.4%) of TCE. [Formula: see text] contributed most to TCE decomposition, moreover, the SnZVI@PBC gradually became electron-deficient and thus extracted electrons from TCE with achieving nonradical-based degradation. Compared to nZVI/PS process, the SnZVI@PBC/PS system could significantly reduce catalyst dosage (87.5%) and PS amount (68.8%) to achieve nearly complete TCE degradation, and was anti-interference, stable, and pH-universal. This study advanced mechanistic understandings of multiple Kirkendall effects-triggered nanocrack formation on nZVI with corresponding rational design of Fenton-like catalysts for organics degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fuxuan Bi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiubo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kaige Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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8
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Xia L, Vangansbeke A, Lauryssen F, Smolders E. Screening redox stability of iron rich by-products for effective phosphate immobilisation in freshwater sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117728. [PMID: 36940601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) rich by-products can be added to lake or river sediments to immobilise phosphate (PO4) and lower eutrophication risks. These Fe materials differ in mineralogy and specific surface area, hence differing in PO4 sorption capacity and stability under reducing conditions. This study was set up to identify key properties of these amendments in their capacity to immobilise PO4 in sediments. Eleven Fe rich by-products, collected from drinking water treatment plants and acid mine drainage, were characterised. The PO4 adsorption to these by-products was first determined under aerobic conditions and the solid-liquid distribution coefficient KD for PO4 correlated strongly to oxalate extractable Fe content. A static sediment-water incubation test was subsequently used to evaluate the redox stability of these by-products. The reductive processes gradually released Fe to solution and more Fe was release from the amended than from the control sediments. The total Fe release to solution was positively related to ascorbate reducible Fe fractions in the by-products, suggesting that such fractions indicate potential loss of P retention capacity on the long term. The final PO4 concentration in the overlying water was 5.6 mg P L-1 in the control and was successfully lowered by factor 30-420 depending on the by-product. The factor by which solution PO4 was reduced in Fe treatments increased with increasing KD determined under aerobic conditions. This study suggests that efficient by-products to trap P in sediments are characterised by a high oxalate Fe content and a low reducible Fe fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Arne Vangansbeke
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Lauryssen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Yang P, Zhu X, Ning K. Microbiome-based enrichment pattern mining has enabled a deeper understanding of the biome-species-function relationship. Commun Biol 2023; 6:391. [PMID: 37037946 PMCID: PMC10085995 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes live in diverse habitats (i.e. biomes), yet their species and genes were biome-specific, forming enrichment patterns. These enrichment patterns have mirrored the biome-species-function relationship, which is shaped by ecological and evolutionary principles. However, a grand picture of these enrichment patterns, as well as the roles of external and internal factors in driving these enrichment patterns, remain largely unexamined. In this work, we have examined the enrichment patterns based on 1705 microbiome samples from four representative biomes (Engineered, Gut, Freshwater, and Soil). Moreover, an "enrichment sphere" model was constructed to elucidate the regulatory principles behind these patterns. The driving factors for this model were revealed based on two case studies: (1) The copper-resistance genes were enriched in Soil biomes, owing to the copper contamination and horizontal gene transfer. (2) The flagellum-related genes were enriched in the Freshwater biome, due to high fluidity and vertical gene accumulation. Furthermore, this enrichment sphere model has valuable applications, such as in biome identification for metagenome samples, and in guiding 3D structure modeling of proteins. In summary, the enrichment sphere model aims towards creating a bluebook of the biome-species-function relationships and be applied in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute of Medical Genomics, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Institute of Medical Genomics, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250117, China.
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10
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Ji Z, Yang X, Qi X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xia X, Pei Y. Facile synthesis of waste-based CdS-loaded hierarchically porous geopolymer for adsorption-photocatalysis of organic contamination and its environmental risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136144. [PMID: 36029860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain an adsorbent-photocatalyst with low-cost, strong stability and great reusability/recyclability, a waste-based and CdS-loaded hierarchically porous geopolymer (HPG) was prepared by facile synthesis. The adsorption-photocatalysis ability, reusability, and stability of HPG under different conditions were determined. Results indicated that HPG showed better adsorption-photocatalysis performance for organic dyes under alkaline environment, and it remained a high adsorption-photocatalysis efficiency after used for five times. Furthermore, HPG was stable in different environment conditions (strong acidic, acid raining, neutral, high salinity, and high alkali environment). The mass loss of HPG were around 3.22-6.68% (7 days extraction), and the immobilization rates of Cd2+ in neutral, high salinity, and high alkali environments were higher than 99.99%. Under visible light irradiation, HPG effectively photo-degraded the organic substances in overlying water of polluted sediments. After 330 min irradiation, the concentrations of COD and TOC were decreased from 47.52 mg/L and 20.9 mg/L to 16.58 mg/L and 11.19 mg/L, respectively. The humic-like and fulvic-like substances were transformed to protein-like substances under photo-degradation effect. This study confirmed that HPG possesses advantages in cost, chemical stability, and reusability, and it has a great potential to be used as in-situ remediation environmental functional material for organic contaminants in lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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11
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Zhang H, Zhao K, Liu X, Chen S, Huang T, Guo H, Ma B, Yang W, Yang Y, Liu H. Bacterial community structure and metabolic activity of drinking water pipelines in buildings: A new perspective on dual effects of hydrodynamic stagnation and algal organic matter invasion. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119161. [PMID: 36191525 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication and algal blooms have become global issues. The drinking water treatment process suffers from pollution by algal organic matter (AOM) through cell lysis during the algal blooms. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how AOM invasion affects water quality and microbial communities in drinking water, particularly in the stagnant settings. In this study, the addition of AOM caused the residual chlorine to rapidly degrade and below the limit of 0.05 mg/L, while the NO2--N concentration ranged from 0.11 to 3.71 mg/L. Additionally, total bacterial counts increased and subsequently decreased. The results of Biolog demonstrated that the AOM significantly improved the utilization capacity of carbon sources and changed the preference for carbon sources. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and network modeling revealed a considerable reduction in the abundance of Proteobacteria, whereas that of Bacteroidetes increased significantly under the influence of AOM. Furthermore, the species abundance distributions of the Microcystis group and Scenedesmus group was most consistent with the Mandelbrot model. According to redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling, the bacterial community structure of the control group was most positively regulated by the free residual chlorine concentrations, whereas the Microcystis group and Scenedesmus group were positively correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration. Overall, these findings provide a scientific foundation for the evolution of drinking water quality under algae bloom pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Kexin Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Honghong Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wanqiu Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yansong Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hanyan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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12
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Wang Z, Wang C, Jiang H, Liu H. Higher dissolved oxygen levels promote downward migration of phosphorus in the sediment profile: Implications for lake restoration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134705. [PMID: 35487357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lake restoration (typically sediment dredging) commonly involves producing a new sediment-water interface (SWI). This study comprehensively investigated the migration and transformation of P during the formation of a new SWI under different dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the overlying water, based on Fe/Al-rich sediment. The results suggest that DO had a profound effect on the 0-7 cm sediment layer properties and higher DO levels in the overlying water resulted in the diffusion of DO deeper into the sediments. Importantly, besides preventing Fe reductive dissolution and sulfides competition, higher DO levels inhibited the release of P from sediment by inducing the mitigation of P from the upper (0-3 cm) into the bottom (3-7 cm) sediments. The migration of P was found to be closely related to the interactions between organic matter and Al, Fe, and Ca in the sediment profile caused by higher DO levels in overlying water. Particularly, the decrease in organic matter in the upper sediments increased the mobility of Ca and promoted aging of Al and Fe, which increased the migration of the different forms of P. The increased organic matter in the bottom sediments retained the mobile Ca and increased amorphous Fe, which immobilized the P that had migrated from the upper sediments. These results demonstrate the relatively high mobility of P in the upper sediments and the importance of P immobilization capability of bottom sediments on regulating P release from SWI under higher DO levels in overlying water. Accordingly, measures for lake restoration with producing a new SWI were recommended to be applied in combination with P immobilization method to develop more feasible strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Yangtze Ecology and Environmental Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, 434000, PR China
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13
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Liu X, Sun X, Liu R, Bai L, Cui P, Xu H, Wang C. Assessing the enhanced reduction effect with the addition of sulfate based P inactivating material during algal bloom sedimentation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134656. [PMID: 35447217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The typical harm effect of algal bloom sedimentation is to increase sulfides level in surroundings, threatening aquatic organisms and human health; whereas, P inactivating materials containing sulfate are commonly attempted to be used to immobilize reactive P or to flocculate excessive algae in water columns for eutrophication control. In this study, variations in sulfate reduction during algal bloom sedimentation with the addition of sulfate based inactivating materials was comprehensively assessed based on using Al2(SO4)3 with comparison to AlCl3. The results showed that addition of Al2(SO4)3 had more substantial effect on overlying water and sediment properties compared to those of ACl3. Al2(SO4)3 can enhance sulfate reduction, resulting in temporary increase of sulfides (p < 0.01) and quick decrease of various Fe (p < 0.01) in overlying water and then promoting the formation of FeS and FeS2 (determined by EXAFS analysis) in sediments. Most importantly, the increased sulfides, as well as the physical barrier on sediment formed due to Al2(SO4)3 addition, enhanced the transformation of sulfides to odorous contaminants, increasing odorous contaminants (especially methyl thiols) production by approximately one order of magnitude in overlying water. Furthermore, the increased sulfides facilitated to the enrichment of microorganisms related to S cycles (Thiobacillu with relative abundance of 23.8%) and even promoted to enrich bacterial genus potentially with pathogenicity (Treponema) in sediments. The impacts of sulfate tended to be regulated by algae concentration; however, careful management was recommended for sulfate based inactivating materials application to control eutrophication with algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Xuzhou Xinsheng Luyuan Cyclic Economy Industrial Investment & Development Co. Ltd., Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Peixin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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14
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Wang C, Wei Z, Shen X, Bai L, Jiang H. Particle size-related vertical redistribution of phosphorus (P)-inactivating materials induced by resuspension shaped P immobilization in lake sediment profile. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118150. [PMID: 35134615 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lake geoengineering with phosphorus (P)-inactivating materials to reduce sediment P loading is often used for eutrophication control. The redistribution of materials in sediment, especially those induced by resuspension, is reportedly a common phenomenon during practical applications, which may interfere with the pollution control. Notably, a recent study by the authors initially found that the heterogeneous properties of materials and sediments varied the P immobilization in different sized sediments which exhibited diverse movement characteristics. Therefore, this study hypothesizes a particle size-related vertical redistribution of materials in the sediment profile induced by resuspension, which shapes sediment P immobilization at different depths. Based on two differently sized materials, lanthanum (La)-modified bentonite clay (Phoslock) and drinking water treatment residue (DWTR), this study found a weakened reduction of mobile P and bioavailable P pool by both DWTR and Phoslock in surface sediment after resuspension. As the depth decreased from >12 to surface 0-1 cm, the remaining mobile P increased from 7.11%-10.8% to 11.0%-17.8% of the total P in the sediment with Phoslock and from 1.66%-4.73% to 9.70%-20.7% of the total P in the sediment with DWTR; meanwhile, bioavailable P pool reduction proportions decreased from 48.6%-72.3% to 3.23%-45.1% for Phoslock and from 51.5%-71.4% to 4.94%-25.2% for DWTR. Further analysis verified the hypothesis of this study; importantly, the redistributions of the potential target P (including mobile and bioavailable P) for immobilization were regulated by relatively small sediments (e.g., <8 μm fraction), which tended to become enriched in surface sediment after resuspension, while relatively large materials (e.g., >63 μm fraction) regulated their redistributions and were more likely to be buried at the bottom of the sediments. Accordingly, to design appropriate strategies for lake geoengineering, relatively small materials (e.g., <8 μm) targeting to immobilize both mobile and bioavailable P are typically recommended to be developed for restoration of lakes with frequent sediment resuspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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15
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Du H, Cao Y, Li Z, Li L, Xu H. Formation and mechanisms of hydroxyl radicals during the oxygenation of sediments in Lake Poyang, China. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117442. [PMID: 34304073 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal flooding-drought transformation process of lake sediments lead to changes of dissolved oxygen and redox conditions and the resultant generation of hydroxyl radical (HO•). To date, information on HO• formation and its regulators in seasonal lake sediments is largely unexplored. In this study, a total of nineteen sediments were collected from Lake Poyang, China, with the formation and mechanisms of HO• during the oxygenation process exploring via the incubation experiments, Fe K-edge X-ray adsorption spectroscopy, ultrafiltration, and fluorescent spectroscopy. Results showed that the concentrations of HO• generated ranged from 3.75 ± 1.13 to 271.8 ± 22.81 μmol kg-1, demonstrating high formation potential and obvious spatial heterogeneity. The yield of HO• formed was positively correlated with the contents of Fe(II), sedimentary organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon, showing a general contribution of these reduced substances to HO• formation. Furthermore, application of Fe K-edge X-ray adsorption spectroscopy revealed the key species of sedimentary Fe-smectite for HO• formation due to its high peroxidase-like activity. Besides inorganic Fe(II), the sedimentary dissolved organic matters (DOMs) represented an important regulator for HO• formation, which contributed about 2-11% of the total HO• generation. Moreover, the DOM-induced formation potential was found to be highly related to the molecular weight distribution that the low molecular weight- (LMW, <1 kDa) fraction exhibited higher HO• formation potential than the bulk and high molecular weight- (HMW, 1 kDa-0.45 μm) counterparts. In addition, the omnipresent mineral Fe(II)-DOM interaction in sediment matrix exhibited another 2-6% of contribution to the total HO• production. This study highlighted the importance of contents and species of Fe(II) and DOM in manipulating the HO• yield, providing new insight into understanding the formation mechanisms of HO• in the seasonal lake sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuanxin Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhe Li
- CAS Key Lab of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Lina Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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