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Takman M, Betsholtz A, Davidsson Å, Cimbritz M, Svahn O, Karlsson S, Karstenskov Østergaard S, Lund Nielsen J, Falås P. Biological degradation of organic micropollutants in GAC filters-temporal development and spatial variations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134449. [PMID: 38733780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The capacity for organic micropollutant removal in granular activated carbon (GAC) filters for wastewater treatment changes over time. These changes are in general attributed to changes in adsorption, but may in some cases also be affected by biological degradation. Knowledge on the degradation of organic micropollutants, however, is scarce. In this work, the degradation of micropollutants in several full-scale GAC and sand filters was investigated through incubation experiments over a period of three years, using 14C-labeled organic micropollutants with different susceptibilities to biological degradation (ibuprofen, diclofenac, and carbamazepine), with parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the degradation of diclofenac and ibuprofen in GAC filters increased with increasing numbers of bed volumes when free oxygen was available in the filter, while variations over filter depth were limited. Despite relatively large differences in bacterial composition between filters, a degradation of diclofenac was consistently observed for the GAC filters that had been operated with high influent oxygen concentration (DO >8 mg/L). The results of this comprehensive experimental work provide an increased understanding of the interactions between microbial composition, filter material, and oxygen availability in the biological degradation of organic micropollutants in GAC filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Takman
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Betsholtz
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Davidsson
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Svahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, SE-291 39 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Zhang H, Sun W, Zhang J, Ma J. Vacuum-ultraviolet based advanced oxidation and reduction processes for water treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134432. [PMID: 38691932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The use of vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis in water treatment has been gaining significant interest due to its efficacy in degrading refractory organic contaminants and eliminating oxyanions. In recent years, the reactive species driving pollutant decomposition in VUV-based advanced oxidation and reduction processes (VUV-AOPs and VUV-ARPs) have been identified. This review aims to provide a concise overview of VUV photolysis and its advancements in water treatment. We begin with an introduction to VUV irradiation, followed by a summary of the primary reactive species in both VUV-AOPs and VUV-ARPs. We then explore the factors influencing VUV-photolysis in water treatment, including VUV irradiation dose, catalysts or activators, dissolved gases, water matrix components (e.g., DOM and inorganic anions), and solution pH. In VUV-AOPs, the predominant reactive species are hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3). Conversely, in VUV-ARPs, the main reactive species are the hydrated electron (eaq-) and hydrogen atom (˙H). It is worth noting that VUV-based advanced oxidation/reduction processes (VUV-AORPs) can transit between VUV-AOPs and VUV-ARPs based on the externally added chemicals and dissolved gases in the solution. Increase of the VUV irradiation dose and the concentration of catalysts/activators enhances the degradation of contaminants, whereas DOM and inorganic anions inhibit the reaction. The pH influences the redox potential of ˙OH, the speciation of contaminants and activators, and thus the overall performance of the VUV-AOPs. Conversely, an alkaline pH is favored in VUV-ARPs because eaq- predominates at higher pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Dubowski Y, Alfiya Y, Gilboa Y, Sabach S, Friedler E. A combined approach of electrodialysis pretreatment and vacuum UV for removing micropollutants from natural waters. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121152. [PMID: 38277830 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) augment traditional water treatment methods, enhancing the removal of persistent contaminants. Efficiency of AOPs that utilize UV radiation for oxidants generation (e.g., ·OH) is reduced in water matrices that contain substants that may act as inner UV filters and/or scavengers for the generated radicals. Among such interfering compounds are major inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter that are naturally present in realistic waters. Thus, to improve AOPs efficiency it is desirable to separate the target pollutants from these natural species before treatment. Here the potential of electrodialysis as such pretreatment was investigated. The impact of this pretreatment on photo-oxidation of the pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) under VUV (λ<200 nm) irradiation, which yields ·OH generation via water homolysis, was tested in different water matrices. The obtained results indicate that in all tested solutions: Deionized water, groundwater, surface water, and treated wastewater, the addition of electrodialysis pretreatment successfully separated the target micropollutant CBZ from the major natural ions and to some extend the NOM, resulting faster degradation rates of CBZ and its transformation products in the following VUV-based AOP. Energy cost calculations indicated that addition of this pretreatment step reduces the overall energy demand of the system (i.e., energy consumption for the electrodialysis step was smaller than the energy gained by reducing the required VUV irradiation dose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Dubowski
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel.
| | - Yuval Alfiya
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
| | - Yael Gilboa
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
| | - Sara Sabach
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
| | - Eran Friedler
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
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Murgolo S, De Giglio O, De Ceglie C, Triggiano F, Apollonio F, Calia C, Pousis C, Marzella A, Fasano F, Giordano ME, Lionetto MG, Santoro D, Santoro O, Mancini S, Di Iaconi C, De Sanctis M, Montagna MT, Mascolo G. Multi-target assessment of advanced oxidation processes-based strategies for indirect potable reuse of tertiary wastewater: Fate of compounds of emerging concerns, microbial and ecotoxicological parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117661. [PMID: 37980992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Two advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), namely ozone/H2O2 and UV/H2O2, were tested at pilot scale as zero-liquid-discharge alternative treatments for the removal of microbiological (bacteria and viruses), chemical (compounds of emerging concern (CECs)) and genotoxic responses from tertiary municipal wastewater for indirect potable reuse (IPR). The AOP treated effluents were further subjected to granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and UV disinfection, following the concept of multiple treatment barriers. As a reference, a consolidated advanced wastewater treatment train consisting of ultrafiltration, UV disinfection, and reverse osmosis (RO) was also employed. The results showed that, for the same electrical energy applied, the ozone/H2O2 treatment was more effective than the UV/H2O2 treatment in removing CECs. Specifically, the ozone/H2O2 treatment, intensified by high pressure and high mixing, achieved an average CECs removal efficiency higher than UV/H2O2 (66.8% with respect to 18.4%). The subsequent GAC adsorption step, applied downstream the AOPs, further improved the removal efficiency of the whole treatment trains, achieving rates of 98.5% and 96.8% for the ozone/H2O2 and UV/H2O2 treatments, respectively. In contrast, the ultrafiltration step of the reference treatment train only achieved a removal percentage of 22.5%, which increased to 99% when reverse osmosis was used as the final step. Microbiological investigations showed that all three wastewater treatment lines displayed good performance in the complete removal of regulated and optional parameters according to both national and the European Directive 2020/2184. Only P. aeruginosa resulted resistant to all treatments with a higher removal by UV/H2O2 when higher UV dose was applied. In addition, E. coli STEC/VTEC and enteric viruses, were found to be completely removed in all tested treatments and no genotoxic activity was detected even after a 1000-fold concentration. The obtained results suggest that the investigated treatments are suitable for groundwater recharge to be used as a potable water source being such a procedure an IPR. The intensified ozone/H2O2 or UV/H2O2 treatments can be conveniently incorporated into a multi-barrier zero-liquid-discharge scheme, thus avoiding the management issues associated with the retentate of the conventional scheme that uses reverse osmosis. By including the chemical cost associated with using 11-12 mg/L of H2O2 in the cost calculations, the overall operational cost (energy plus chemical) required to achieve 50% average CECs removal in tertiary effluent for an hypothetical full-scale plant of 250 m3/h (or 25,000 inhabitants) was 0.183 €/m3 and 0.425 €/m3 for ozone/H2O2 and UV/H2O2 treatment train, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Murgolo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Via F. De Blasio 5, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - O De Giglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - C De Ceglie
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Via F. De Blasio 5, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - F Triggiano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Apollonio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - C Calia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - C Pousis
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Marzella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Fasano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - M E Giordano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - M G Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - D Santoro
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, N6A 5B9, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Santoro
- AquaSoil S.r.l., Via del Calvario 35, 72015, Fasano, Brindisi, Italy
| | - S Mancini
- AquaSoil S.r.l., Via del Calvario 35, 72015, Fasano, Brindisi, Italy
| | - C Di Iaconi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Via F. De Blasio 5, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - M De Sanctis
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Via F. De Blasio 5, Bari, 70132, Italy
| | - M T Montagna
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G Mascolo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Via F. De Blasio 5, Bari, 70132, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca per La Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI), Via Amendola 122 I, Bari, 70126, Italy.
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