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Chen L, Xia X, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Long C, Chen Y, Guo W, Xu L, Jia J. The food security risks in the Yangtze River Delta of China associated with water scarcity, grain production, and grain trade. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174863. [PMID: 39038675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Grain production consumes a large amount of water and is affected by the degree of water scarcity and participation in the grain trade in various regions. The grain trade has changed the food security risks in regions where grain exports and imports. Therefore, it is crucial to consider regional water scarcity to understand food security risks from the grain trade network. Here, we construct a new framework for measuring regional food security risks associated with water scarcity, grain production, and grain trade based on a cross-city grain trade network combined with virtual water flows to evaluate the regional food security risks in the Yangtze River Delta region (YRD) of China in 2017. The results show that under the current domestic grain trade pattern in China, the YRD and its four provincial-level administrative regions are in a net grain import state. The grain trade within the YRD is concentrated in exports from the two major grain-producing areas of Anhui and Jiangsu to Zhejiang and Shanghai, especially from northern Jiangsu to southeastern Zhejiang. The net import results of virtual blue water in most cities indicate that the YRD has shifted its water resource pressure to other grain exporting regions in China, with Shanghai and Zhejiang being the greatest beneficiaries. Extreme risk only exists in Shanghai, and severe and moderate risks are concentrated in Jiangsu. The current grain trade has reduced the overall food security risk in the YRD by 1.3 % but increased the risks in Shanghai and Zhejiang by 2.1 % and 0.8 % respectively. This study highlights the potential risks that excessive production of food in water-scarce areas in the grain trade system may bring to a stable food supply, providing useful information for a comprehensive understanding of the food and water security situation and for future trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources in Anhui Province, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources in Anhui Province, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources in Anhui Province, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yulue Zhu
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Changyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources in Anhui Province, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yingjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources in Anhui Province, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Weiling Guo
- School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Liuyang Xu
- School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Jiang Jia
- School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
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Zhang W, Fang W. Physical and virtual water transfers in China and their implication for water planetary boundary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13622-13637. [PMID: 38253829 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
China is an extremely water-scarce country with an uneven distribution of regional water resources. We define two absolute sustainability indicators, using the multi-regional input‒output (MRIO) model to outline the contribution of China's physical and virtual water transfers in mitigating the problem of regional water boundary-exceeding. Although the overall use of freshwater resources is within the safe operation space, 55% of province's water resource development transgresses the local water planetary boundary. Physical and virtual water transfers effectively mitigate the stress of water supply to the water planetary boundary in China's water-scarce regions. Among them, the role of virtual water transfers occupies the main part. The cost of using physical water in water-receiving regions and the situation of virtual water flowing from water-scarce regions to developed water-rich regions cannot be ignored, and a small number of provinces are responsible for most of the virtual water net imports and exports. The obtained results are helpful for the redistribution of water planetary boundary transgressing responsibilities among provinces and the formulation of absolute sustainable water resources management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wu D, Zhang Z, Liu D, Zhang L, Li M, Khan MI, Li T, Cui S. Calculation and analysis of agricultural carbon emission efficiency considering water-energy-food pressure: Modeling and application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167819. [PMID: 37852487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural carbon emission efficiency (ACEE) measurement, a tool for effectively achieving sustainable development goals, has garnered much attention. However, the impacts of resource pressures such as water, energy and food on ACEE have been overlooked, and the high dimensionality of the measurement model and insufficient sample data can easily distort the measurement results. Therefore, from a green development perspective, we established a new ACEE measurement framework considering the water-energy-food pressure index and a new integrated ACEE measurement model (CSMA-PPE-USSBM) that includes chaotic maps, the slime mould algorithm (SMA), projection pursuit evaluation (PPE) and the undesirable super slack-based measure (USSBM). The model was used to calculate ACEE in 13 prefecture-level municipalities in Heilongjiang Province, China, and analyze its spatiotemporal evolution and possible causes. The results showed that this model avoids the above problems. The reliability coefficient and stability coefficient reached 0.962 and 0.971, respectively; ACEE in Heilongjiang Province has much room for improvement, but there are obvious differences in carbon emission efficiency in different carbon emission type regions. The key driving forces of ACEE variation can generate significant scale effects. Provincial driving factors can affect ACEE variation in prefecture municipalities, where the influence range is limited or the influence of driving factors gradually emerges. The research results provide a theoretical reference for accurately measuring the regional ACEE and analyzing the driving mechanism of ACEE and green agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Zuowei Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture of Ordinary University in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Mo Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Song Cui
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Zhou Y, Xu G, Li H, Chen Y, Xu X, Li M. Effect of greenhouse gas emissions on the life cycle of biomass energy production and conversion under different straw recycling modes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117184. [PMID: 37748670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
With the gradual growth of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the agricultural cultivation cycle, GHG emissions specific to the production and conversion of biomass energy is becoming increasingly problematic. Current studies lack analysis of net GHG emissions generated during full life cycle of agricultural cultivation, straw use and bioenergy production. This study measures the global warming potential of biomass energy production and conversion processes under different agricultural cultivation cycle systems based on life cycle approach, accompanied by four straw treatment methods: fast pyrolysis, slow pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis and anaerobic fermentation. The demonstration of Heilongjiang Province showed that the net GHG emissions of rice and soybean over 52.39% and 101.57% higher than those of corn, respectively. The amount of standard coal saved by fast pyrolysis treatment, slow pyrolysis treatment and anaerobic fermentation treatment of straw was only 38.38%, 78.02% and 61.98% of that of flash pyrolysis treatment. The relationship between environmental pressure and economic growth was decoupled during 2011-2017 and coupled in 2017-2020. This study contributes to green production of biomass energy. The methodology in this paper can be used to account for and assess the carbon effect of the entire straw recycling chain in any region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guoqing Xu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yingshan Chen
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xianghui Xu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Mo Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
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