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Golmohammadi B, Shekaari H. High-flux ultrasonic processing for lithium separation using ionic liquid impregnated composite membranes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106974. [PMID: 38954863 PMCID: PMC11263791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Battery industry, one of the most crucial components of the modern world, relies heavily on lithium production, and brines from the spent battery materials is one of the most important sources to exploit lithium. A new ultrasonic assisted membrane processing is proposed for lithium separation simulated brine. The effects of membrane composition, feed concentration, and ultrasonic conditions on the lithium extraction efficiency have been explored. The composite membrane including polysulfone (PSF) as the support and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tributyl phosphate as ionic liquid membrane. A porous PVC membrane has been used for prevention of the ILM loss. The optimal ultrasonic frequency is approximately 250 kHz, which matches the bulk modulus of the membrane and enhances the separation efficiency. Higher frequencies and optimized amplitude and pulse cycle settings further improve the lithium flux and selectivity. Moreover, higher flux and selectivity are achieved when separating lithium from alkali metal chlorides at higher feed concentrations, ranging from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm. The mechanism of enhanced lithium extraction by ultrasonics is attributed to the combination of microbubble formation, cavitation, and heat generation, which disrupt the concentration gradient and facilitate lithium transport across the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Golmohammadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Hemayat Shekaari
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
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2
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Hao J, Hao J, Liu D, He L, Liu X, Zhao Z, Zhao T, Xu W. Maximizing resource recovery: A green and economic strategy for lithium extraction from spent ternary batteries. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134472. [PMID: 38696964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Spent ternary lithium-ion batteries contain abundant lithium resource, and their proper disposal is conducive to environmental protection and the comprehensive utilization of resources. Separating valuable metals in the ternary leaching solution is the key to ensuring resource recovery. However, the traditional post-lithium extraction strategies, which heavily rely on ion exchange to remove transition metal ions in the leachate, encounter challenges in achieving satisfactory lithium yields and purities. Based on this, this paper proposed a new strategy to prioritize lithium extraction from ternary leachate using "(+) LiFePO4/FePO4 (-)" lithium extraction system. The preferential recovery of lithium can be realized by controlling the potential over 0.1 V versus Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) without introducing any impurity ions. The lithium recovery rate reaches 98.91%, while the rejection rate of transition ions exceeds 99%, and the separation coefficients of lithium to transition metal ions can reach 126. Notably, the resulting lithium-rich liquid can directly prepare lithium carbonate with a purity of 99.36%. It provides a green and efficient strategy for the preferential recovery of lithium from the spent ternary leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Hao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongfu Liu
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lihua He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xuheng Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- The Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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3
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Yan G, Wei J, Apodaca E, Choi S, Eng PJ, Stubbs JE, Han Y, Zou S, Bera MK, Wu R, Karapetrova E, Zhou H, Chen W, Liu C. Identifying critical features of iron phosphate particle for lithium preference. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4859. [PMID: 38849339 PMCID: PMC11161493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) olivine iron phosphate (FePO4) is widely proposed for electrochemical lithium (Li) extraction from dilute water sources, however, significant variations in Li selectivity were observed for particles with different physical attributes. Understanding how particle features influence Li and sodium (Na) co-intercalation is crucial for system design and enhancing Li selectivity. Here, we investigate a series of FePO4 particles with various features and revealed the importance of harnessing kinetic and chemo-mechanical barrier difference between lithiation and sodiation to promote selectivity. The thermodynamic preference of FePO4 provides baseline of selectivity while the particle features are critical to induce different kinetic pathways and barriers, resulting in different Li to Na selectivity from 6.2 × 102 to 2.3 × 104. Importantly, we categorize the FePO4 particles into two groups based on their distinctly paired phase evolutions upon lithiation and sodiation, and generate quantitative correlation maps among Li preference, morphological features, and electrochemical properties. By selecting FePO4 particles with specific features, we demonstrate fast (636 mA/g) Li extraction from a high Li source (1: 100 Li to Na) with (96.6 ± 0.2)% purity, and high selectivity (2.3 × 104) from a low Li source (1: 1000 Li to Na) with (95.8 ± 0.3)% purity in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangbin Yan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Emory Apodaca
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Suin Choi
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Peter J Eng
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joanne E Stubbs
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Siqi Zou
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ronghui Wu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Evguenia Karapetrova
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Han Y, Ma J, Liu D, Yang Y, Zhang T, Wang M, Liang D, Wen L, Ma J, Wang W. Microenvironment-Modulating Adsorption Enables Highly Efficient Lithium Extraction under Natural pH Conditions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9071-9081. [PMID: 38470249 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ion-sieve adsorbents are effective materials in practical applications for extracting liquid lithium. However, it is greatly suppressed in adsorption capacity and selectivity (Li/Mg) under natural near-neutral conditions of seawater or salt lakes, due to the interference of in situ released H+ and Mg2+ impurity. This paper proposes an adsorbent with a microenvironment-modulating function as a solution. The introduction of quaternary ammonium groups into the carrier accelerates the migration of H+, while preventing the diffusion of Mg2+ by electrostatic repulsion. Besides, it can also prestore OH-, effectively consuming the generated hydrogen ions in situ. Based on the rational design, the alkali consumption of the microenvironment-modulating strategy is dramatically reduced to 1/144 of the traditional alkali-adding method. Additionally, adsorption performance is significantly promoted under natural pH conditions, with a maximum 33 times higher separation factor (selectivity) and 4 times higher adsorption capacity than commercial ion-sieve adsorbents. This development indicates the feasibility of using microenvironment modulation for effective lithium extraction and inspires the development of next-generation high-performance adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, P. R. China
| | - Daxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
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5
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Meng QW, Zhu X, Xian W, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Dai Z, Yin H, Ma S, Sun Q. Enhancing ion selectivity by tuning solvation abilities of covalent-organic-framework membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316716121. [PMID: 38349874 PMCID: PMC10895279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316716121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular-level mechanisms involved in transmembrane ion selectivity is essential for optimizing membrane separation performance. In this study, we reveal our observations regarding the transmembrane behavior of Li+ and Mg2+ ions as a response to the changing pore solvation abilities of the covalent-organic-framework (COF) membranes. These abilities were manipulated by adjusting the lengths of the oligoether segments attached to the pore channels. Through comparative experiments, we were able to unravel the relationships between pore solvation ability and various ion transport properties, such as partitioning, conduction, and selectivity. We also emphasize the significance of the competition between Li+ and Mg2+ with the solvating segments in modulating selectivity. We found that increasing the length of the oligoether chain facilitated ion transport; however, it was the COF membrane with oligoether chains containing two ethylene oxide units that exhibited the most pronounced discrepancy in transmembrane energy barrier between Li+ and Mg2+, resulting in the highest separation factor among all the evaluated membranes. Remarkably, under electro-driven binary-salt conditions, this specific COF membrane achieved an exceptional Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of up to 1352, making it one of the most effective membranes available for Li+/Mg2+ separation. The insights gained from this study significantly contribute to advancing our understanding of selective ion transport within confined nanospaces and provide valuable design principles for developing highly selective COF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xincheng Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Weipeng Xian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Zhengqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Zhifeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX76201
| | - Qi Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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Li HN, Zhang C, Xin JH, Liu YW, Yang HC, Zhu CY, Liu C, Xu ZK. Design of Photothermal "Ion Pumps" for Achieving Energy-Efficient, Augmented, and Durable Lithium Extraction from Seawater. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2434-2445. [PMID: 38206056 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Extracting lithium from seawater has emerged as a disruptive platform to resolve the issue of an ever-growing lithium shortage. However, achieving highly efficient and durable lithium extraction from seawater in an energy-efficient manner is challenging, as imposed by the low concentration of lithium ions (Li+) and high concentration of interfering ions in seawater. Here, we report a facile and universal strategy to develop photothermal "ion pumps" (PIPs) that allow achieving energy-efficient, augmented, and durable lithium extraction from seawater under sunlight. The key design of PIPs lies in the function fusion and spatial configuration manipulation of a hydrophilic Li+-trapping nanofibrous core and a hydrophobic photothermal shell for governing gravity-driven water flow and solar-driven water evaporation. Such a synergetic effect allows PIPs to achieve spontaneous, continuous, and augmented Li+ replenishment-diffusion-enrichment, as well as circumvent the impact of concentration polarization and scaling of interfering ions. We demonstrate that our PIPs exhibit dramatic enhancement in Li+ trapping rate and outstanding Li+ separation factor yet have ultralow energy consumption. Moreover, our PIPs deliver ultrastable Li+ trapping performance without scaling even under high-concentration interfering ions for 140 h operation, as opposed to the significant decrease of nearly 55.6% in conventional photothermal configuration. The design concept and material toolkit developed in this work can also find applications in extracting high-value-added resources from seawater and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Xin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Cheng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ye Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- The "Belt and Road" Sino-Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wang J, Koenig GM. Direct Lithium Extraction Using Intercalation Materials. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302776. [PMID: 37819870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide lithium demand has surged in recent years due to increased production of Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles and stationary storage. Li supply and production will need to increase such that the transition towards increased electrification in the energy sector does not become cost prohibitive. Many countries have taken policy steps such as listing Li as a critical mineral. Current commercial Li mining is mostly from dedicated mine sources, including ores, clays, and brines. The conventional ways to extract Li+ from those resources are through chemical processing and includes steps of calcination, leaching, precipitation, and purification. The environmental and economic sustainability of conventional Li processing has recently received increased scrutiny. Routes such as direct Li+ extraction may provide advantages relative to conventional Li+ extraction technologies, and one possible route to direct Li+ extraction includes leveraging intercalation materials. Intercalation material processing has recently demonstrated high selectivity towards Li+ as opposed to other cations. Reviews and reports of direct Li+ extraction with intercalation materials are limited, even as this technology has started to show promise in smaller-scale demonstrations. This paper will review selective Li+ extraction via intercalation materials, including both electrochemical and chemical methods to drive Li+ in and out, and efforts to characterize the Li+ insertion/deinsertion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 385 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4741, USA
| | - Gary M Koenig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 385 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4741, USA
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8
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Wu L, Garg S, Waite TD. Electrochemical treatment of wastewaters containing metal-organic complexes: A one-step approach for efficient metal complex decomposition and selective metal recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133526. [PMID: 38278072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic complexes, especially those of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with metals such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) (denoted here as Cu-EDTA and Ni-EDTA), are common contaminants in wastewaters from chemical and plating industries. In this study, a multi-electrode (ME) system using a two-chamber reactor and two pairs of electrodes is proposed for simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of a wastewater containing both Cu-EDTA and Ni-EDTA complexes as well as separation and selective recovery of Cu and Ni onto two different cathodes via electrodeposition. Our results demonstrate that the ME system successfully achieved 90% EDTA removal, 99% solid Cu recovery at the Cu recovery cathode and 56% Ni recovery (33.3% on the Ni recovery cathode and 22.6% in the solution) after a four-hour operation. The system further achieved 85.5% Ni recovery after consecutive five cycles of operation for 20 h. While Cu removal was mainly driven by the direct reduction of EDTA-complexed Cu(II) at the cathode, oxidation of EDTA within the Ni-EDTA complex at the anode was a prerequisite for Ni removal. The oxidation of metal-bound EDTA and free EDTA was driven by •OH and direct electron transfer on the PbO2 anode surface and graphite anode, respectively. We further show that ME system performs well for all pH conditions, treatment of real wastewaters as well as wastewaters containing other metals ions (Cr and Zn) along with Cu/Ni. The separation efficiency of Cu and Ni is dependent on applied electrode potential as well as nature and concentration of binding ligand present with comparatively lower separation efficiency achieved in the presence of weaker binding capacity and/or at lower ligand concentration and lower applied electrode potential. As such, some optimization of electrode potential is required depending on the nature/concentration of ligands in the wastewaters. Overall, this study provides new insights into the design and operation of EAOP technology for effective organic abatement and metal recovery from wastewaters containing mixtures of various metal-organic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu 214206, PR China; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu 214206, PR China; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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9
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Meng QW, Wu D, Wang S, Sun Q. Function-Led Design of Covalent-Organic-Framework Membranes for Precise Ion Separation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302460. [PMID: 37605607 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient access to clean water and resources has emerged as one of the most pressing issues affecting people globally. Membrane-based ion separation has become a focal point of research for the generation of fresh water and the extraction of energy elements. This Review encapsulates recent advancements in the selective ion transport of covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, accomplished by strategically pairing diverse monomers to create membranes with various pore sizes and environments for specific purposes. We first discuss the merits of using COF materials as a basis for fabricating membranes for ion separation. We then explore the development of COF membranes in areas such as desalination, acid recovery, and energy element extraction, with a particular emphasis on the fundamental principles of membrane design. Lastly, we address both theoretical and practical challenges, as well as potential opportunities in the targeted design of ion-selective membranes. The goal of this Review is to stimulate future investigative efforts in this field, which is of significant scientific and strategic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of, Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of, Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of, Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of, Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
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10
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng S, Wu D. Simultaneous desalination and molecular resource recovery from wastewater using an electrical separation system integrated with a supporting liquid membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120706. [PMID: 37820511 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Separating molecular substances from wastewater has always been a challenge in wastewater treatment. In this study, we propose a new strategy for simultaneous desalination and selective recovery of molecular resources, by introducing a supported liquid membrane (SLM) with molecular selectivity into an asymmetric flow-electrode capacitive deionization. Salts and molecular substances in wastewater are removed after passing through the ion separation chamber and the molecular separation chamber, respectively. Faradaic reactions, i.e., the electrolysis of water with OH-, occurred in the electrochemical cathode electrode provides a sufficient and continuous chemical potential gradient for the cross-SLM transport of phenol (a model molecule substance). By optimizing the formulation of the liquid membrane and the pore size of the support membrane, we obtained the SLM with the best performance for separating phenol. In continuous experiment tests, the electrochemical membrane system showed stable separation performance and long-term stability for simultaneous salts removal and phenol (sodium phenol) recovery from wastewater. Finally, we demonstrate the potential application of this technology for the recovery of different carbon resources. Overall, the electrochemical system based on SLM is suitable for various wastewater treatment needs and provides a new approach for the recovery of molecular resources in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Shanghai 200092, China.
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11
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Foo ZH, Thomas JB, Heath SM, Garcia JA, Lienhard JH. Sustainable Lithium Recovery from Hypersaline Salt-Lakes by Selective Electrodialysis: Transport and Thermodynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14747-14759. [PMID: 37721998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative technology for lithium mining from salt-lakes exacerbates freshwater scarcity and wetland destruction, and suffers from protracted production cycles. Electrodialysis (ED) offers an environmentally benign alternative for continuous lithium extraction and is amenable to renewable energy usage. Salt-lake brines, however, are hypersaline multicomponent mixtures, and the impact of the complex brine-membrane interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we quantify the influence of the solution composition, salinity, and acidity on the counterion selectivity and thermodynamic efficiency of electrodialysis, leveraging 1250 original measurements with salt-lake brines that span four feed salinities, three pH levels, and five current densities. Our experiments reveal that commonly used binary cation solutions, which neglect Na+ and K+ transport, may overestimate the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity by 250% and underpredict the specific energy consumption (SEC) by a factor of 54.8. As a result of the hypersaline conditions, exposure to salt-lake brine weakens the efficacy of Donnan exclusion, amplifying Mg2+ leakage. Higher current densities enhance the Donnan potential across the solution-membrane interface and ameliorate the selectivity degradation with hypersaline brines. However, a steep trade-off between counterion selectivity and thermodynamic efficiency governs ED's performance: a 6.25 times enhancement in Li+/Mg2+ selectivity is accompanied by a 71.6% increase in the SEC. Lastly, our analysis suggests that an industrial-scale ED module can meet existing salt-lake production capacities, while being powered by a photovoltaic farm that utilizes <1% of the salt-flat area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Foo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John B Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel M Heath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason A Garcia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John H Lienhard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Yang L, Tu Y, Li H, Zhan W, Hu H, Wei Y, Chen C, Liu K, Shao P, Li M, Yang G, Luo X. Fluorine-Rich Supramolecular Nano-Container Crosslinked Hydrogel for Lithium Extraction with Super-High Capacity and Extreme Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308702. [PMID: 37471502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and recovery of lithium from reserves play a critical role in the sustainable development of energy due to the explosive growth of the lithium-battery market. However, the low efficiency of extraction and recovery seriously threatens the sustainability of lithium supply. In this contribution, we fabricate a novel mechanically robust fluorine-rich hydrogel, showing highly efficient Li+ extraction from Li-containing solutions. The hydrogel was facilely fabricated by simple one-pot polymerization of supramolecular nanosheets of fluorinated monomers, acrylic acid and a small amount of chemical crosslinkers. The hydrogel exhibits a remarkable lithium adsorption capacity (Qm Li+ =122.3 mg g-1 ) and can be reused. Moreover, it can exclusively extract lithium ions from multiple co-existing metal ions. Notably, the separation of Li+ /Na+ in actual wastewater is achieved with a surprising separation factor of 153.72. The detailed characterizations as well as calculation showed that the specific coordination of Li-F plays a central role for both of the striking recovery capability and selectivity for Li+ . Furthermore, an artificial device was constructed, displaying high efficiency of extracting lithium in various complex actual lithium-containing wastewater. This work provides a new and promising avenue for the efficient extraction and recovery of lithium resource from complex lithium-containing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yunyun Tu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wanli Zhan
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huiqin Hu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yun Wei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Changli Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Ketao Liu
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Penghui Shao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
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13
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Miller DM, Abels K, Guo J, Williams KS, Liu MJ, Tarpeh WA. Electrochemical Wastewater Refining: A Vision for Circular Chemical Manufacturing. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19422-19439. [PMID: 37642501 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is an underleveraged resource; it contains pollutants that can be transformed into valuable high-purity products. Innovations in chemistry and chemical engineering will play critical roles in valorizing wastewater to remediate environmental pollution, provide equitable access to chemical resources and services, and secure critical materials from diminishing feedstock availability. This perspective envisions electrochemical wastewater refining─the use of electrochemical processes to tune and recover specific products from wastewaters─as the necessary framework to accelerate wastewater-based electrochemistry to widespread practice. We define and prescribe a use-informed approach that simultaneously serves specific wastewater-pollutant-product triads and uncovers a mechanistic understanding generalizable to broad use cases. We use this approach to evaluate research needs in specific case studies of electrocatalysis, stoichiometric electrochemical conversions, and electrochemical separations. Finally, we provide rationale and guidance for intentionally expanding the electrochemical wastewater refining product portfolio. Wastewater refining will require a coordinated effort from multiple expertise areas to meet the urgent need of extracting maximal value from complex, variable, diverse, and abundant wastewater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kristen Abels
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jinyu Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kindle S Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew J Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Du X, Hao X, An X, Guan G, Li J, Liu Z. Cross-linked PVDF-b-PAA composite binder enhanced LiMn2O4/C film based electrode for selective extraction of lithium from brine with a high Mg/Li ratio. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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15
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Li R, Wang H, Yan J, Fu R, Wang B, Jiang C, Wang Y, Xu T. A cascade electro-dehydration process for simultaneous extraction and enrichment of uranium from simulated seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120079. [PMID: 37224666 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Uranium extraction from seawater has become a crucial issue that has raised tremendous attention. The transport of water molecules along with salt ions through an ion-exchange membrane is a common phenomenon for typical electro-membrane processes such as selective electrodialysis (SED). In this study, a cascade electro-dehydration process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of uranium from simulated seawater by taking advantage of water transport through ion-exchange membranes and the high permselectivity of membranes for monovalent ions against uranate ions. The results indicated that the electro-dehydration effect in SED allowed 1.8 times the concentration of uranium with a loose structure CJMC-5 cation-exchange membrane at a current density of 4 mA/cm2. Thereafter, a cascade electro-dehydration by a combination of SED with conventional electrodialysis (CED) enabled approximately 7.5 times uranium concentration with the extraction yield rate reaching over 80% and simultaneously desalting the majority of salts. Overall, a cascade electro-dehydration is a viable approach, creating a novel route for highly effective uranium extraction and enrichment from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangying Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu H, Huang X, Tang R, Min Y, Xu Q, Hu Z, Shi P. Simultaneous peeling of precious metals in cathode and anode of spent ternary batteries using electrolysis. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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17
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Foo ZH, Rehman D, Bouma AT, Monsalvo S, Lienhard JH. Lithium Concentration from Salt-Lake Brine by Donnan-Enhanced Nanofiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6320-6330. [PMID: 37027336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Membranes offer a scalable and cost-effective approach to ion separations for lithium recovery. In the case of salt-lake brines, however, the high feed salinity and low pH of the post-treated feed have an uncertain impact on nanofiltration's selectivity. Here, we adopt experimental and computational approaches to analyze the effect of pH and feed salinity and elucidate key selectivity mechanisms. Our data set comprises over 750 original ion rejection measurements, spanning five salinities and two pH levels, collected using brine solutions that model three salt-lake compositions. Our results demonstrate that the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of polyamide membranes can be enhanced by 13 times with acid-pretreated feed solutions. This selectivity enhancement is attributed to the amplified Donnan potential from the ionization of carboxyl and amino moieties under low solution pH. As feed salinities increase from 10 to 250 g L-1, the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity decreases by ∼43%, a consequence of weakening exclusion mechanisms. Further, our analysis accentuates the importance of measuring separation factors using representative solution compositions to replicate the ion-transport behaviors with salt-lake brine. Consequently, our results reveal that predictions of ion rejection and Li+/Mg2+ separation factors can be improved by up to 80% when feed solutions with the appropriate Cl-/SO42- molar ratios are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Foo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Danyal Rehman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew T Bouma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastian Monsalvo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John H Lienhard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Jang Y, Hou CH, Kwon K, Kang JS, Chung E. Selective recovery of lithium and ammonium from spent lithium-ion batteries using intercalation electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137865. [PMID: 36642144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recycling lithium-ion batteries has recently become a major concern. Ammonia leaching is commonly employed in such battery recycling methods since it has various advantages such as low toxicity and excellent selectivity toward precious metals. In this study, an electrochemical system with intercalation-type electrodes was used to investigate the selective recovery of lithium and ammonium from ammonia battery leachate. Using an activated carbon electrode as a counter electrode, the selectivity of lithium from the lithium manganese oxide (LMO) electrode and the selectivity of ammonium from the nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) electrode were examined within the system. The LMO//NiHCF system was next evaluated for lithium and ammonium recovery using a synthetic solution as well as real ammonia battery leachate. When compared to previous ammonium recovery methods, the results revealed good selectivity of lithium and ammonium from each LMO and NiHCF electrode with relatively low energy consumption for ammonium recovery (2.43 Wh g-N-1). The average recovery capacity of lithium was 1.39 mmol g-1 with a purity of up to 96.8% and the recovery capacity of ammonium was 1.09 mmol g-1 with 97.8% purity from the pre-treated leachate. This electrochemical method together with ammonia leaching can be a promising method for selective resource recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjai Jang
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chia-Hung Hou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kyungjung Kwon
- Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kang
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhyea Chung
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Designing an energy-efficient multi-stage selective electrodialysis process based on high-performance materials for lithium extraction. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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20
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Shen K, He Q, Ru Q, Tang D, Oo TZ, Zaw M, Lwin NW, Aung SH, Tan SC, Chen F. Flexible LATP composite membrane for lithium extraction from seawater via an electrochemical route. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Li J, Fang F, Zhang Y, Dai Z, Hu J, Zhou Q, Zhou G, Yang Z. Electric Field-Driven Ultraefficient Li +/Mg 2+ Separation through Graphyne Membrane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Dai
- National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanquan Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guobing Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Chen W, Jiang JL, Guo ZH. Preparation of LiFePO4 composite based on dual carbon sources of phytic acid and glucose and its performance for lithium extraction from Salt Lake. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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