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Lichtmannegger T, Hell M, Wehner M, Ebner C, Bockreis A. Seasonal tourism's impact on wastewater composition: Evaluating the potential of alternating activated adsorption in primary treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171869. [PMID: 38531453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Primary treatment processes have gained attention in recent research and development due to their potential for redirecting carbon towards anaerobic digestion, which can subsequently be used for the production of biomethane. The alternating activated adsorption (AAA) process is implemented on full-scale at several wastewater treatment plants across Europe. However, there is a lack of full-scale studies of advanced carbon capture technology implementations in literature. This study demonstrates the ability of a full-scale AAA process to remove and redirect carbon in a region heavily influenced by tourism. Periods in high and off-season were compared to study the impact of tourism on the composition of the wastewater and the AAA-process. The wastewater characteristics of the high season differed significantly from the low season. During the high season, the PE increased by 37 %, total suspended solids went up by 75 % and chemical oxygen demand increased by 58 %, compared to the low season. Additionally, 80 % of the low volatile lipophilic substances (LVLS) measured were attributed to the impact of tourism. A mass-balance of primary treatment for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and LVLS was conducted for both trial periods. The primary treatment was able to eliminate 56 % of the COD and 62 % of the LVLS in the non-tourist season and 53 % of the COD and 54 % of the LVLS in the tourist season. The increased wastewater load was effectively managed in the AAA-process. Key process parameters like sludge settling characteristics, hydraulic retention time and total suspended solids removal rates remained stable during the high season in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lichtmannegger
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin Hell
- Wastewater Association AIZ, 6261 Strass im Zillertal, Austria
| | - Marco Wehner
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Ebner
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anke Bockreis
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Wang D, Han I, McCullough K, Klaus S, Lee J, Srinivasan V, Li G, Wang ZL, Bott CB, McQuarrie J, Stinson BM, deBarbadillo C, Dombrowski P, Barnard J, Gu AZ. Side-Stream Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (S2EBPR) enables effective phosphorus removal in a pilot-scale A-B stage shortcut nitrogen removal system for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121050. [PMID: 38241807 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
While the adsorption/bio-oxidation (A/B) process has been widely studied for carbon capture and shortcut nitrogen (N) removal, its integration with enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal (EBPR) has been considered challenging and thus unexplored. Here, full-scale pilot testing with an integrated system combining A-stage high-rate activated sludge with B-stage partial (de)nitrification/anammox and side-stream EBPR (HRAS-P(D)N/A-S2EBPR) was conducted treating real municipal wastewater. The results demonstrated that, despite the relatively low influent carbon load, the B-stage P(D)N-S2EBPR system could achieve effective P removal performance, with the carbon supplement and redirection of the A-stage sludge fermentate to the S2EBPR. The novel process configuration design enabled a system shift in carbon flux and distribution for efficient EBPR, and provided unique selective factors for ecological niche partitioning among different key functionally relevant microorganisms including polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). The combined nitrite from B-stage to S2EBPR and aerobic-anoxic conditions in our HRAS-P(D)N/A-S2EBPR system promoted DPAOs for simultaneous internal carbon-driven denitrification via nitrite and P removal. 16S rRNA gene-based oligotyping analysis revealed high phylogenetic microdiversity within the Accumulibacter population and discovered coexistence of certain oligotypes of Accumulibacter and Competibacter correlated with efficient P removal. Single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy-based phenotypic profiling showed high phenotypic microdiversity in the active PAO community and the involvement of unidentified PAOs and internal carbon-accumulating organisms that potentially played an important role in system performance. This is the first pilot study to demonstrate that the P(D)N-S2EBPR system could achieve shortcut N removal and influent carbon-independent EBPR simultaneously, and the results provided insights into the effects of incorporating S2EBPR into A/B process on metabolic activities, microbial ecology, and resulted system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Il Han
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Kester McCullough
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Stephanie Klaus
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Jangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Brown and Caldwell, One Tech Drive, Andover, MA 01810, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Zijian Leo Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Riley-Robb Hall, 106, 111 Wing Dr, Ithaca, NY, 14850, United States
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Jim McQuarrie
- Denver Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, 6450 York St, Denver, CO 80229, United States
| | | | - Christine deBarbadillo
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20032, USA
| | - Paul Dombrowski
- Woodard & Curran, Inc., 1699 King Street, Enfield, CT 06082, United States
| | - James Barnard
- Black & Veatch, 8400 Ward Parkway, Kansas City, MO, 64114, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
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Tsukamoto H, Phan HV, Suenaga T, Yasuda S, Kuroiwa M, Riya S, Ogata A, Hori T, Terada A. Microaerophilic Activated Sludge System for Ammonia Retention toward Recovery from High-Strength Nitrogenous Wastewater: Performance and Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13874-13886. [PMID: 37676844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A transition to ammonia recovery from wastewater has started; however, a technology for sustainable nitrogen retention in the form of ammonia and organic carbon removal is still in development. This study validated a microaerophilic activated sludge (MAS) system to efficiently retain ammonia from high-strength nitrogenous wastewater. The MAS is based on conventional activated sludge (CAS) with aerobic and settling compartments. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (<0.2 mg/L) and short solids retention times (SRTs) (<5 days) eliminated nitrifying bacteria. The two parallel MASs were successfully operated for 300 days and had ammonia retention of 101.7 ± 24.9% and organic carbon removal of 85.5 ± 8.9%. The MASs mitigated N2O emissions with an emission factor of <0.23%, much lower than the default value of CAS (1.6%). A short-term step-change test demonstrated that N2O indicated the initiation of nitrification and the completion of denitrification in the MAS. The parallel MASs had comparable microbial diversity, promoting organic carbon oxidation while inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs), as revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction of functional genes, and fluorescence in situ hybridization of β-proteobacteria AOB. The microbial analyses also uncovered that filamentous bacteria were positively correlated with effluent turbidity. Together, controlling DO and SRT achieved organic carbon removal and successful ammonia retention, mainly by suppressing AOM activity. This process represents a new nitrogen management paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsukamoto
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hop V Phan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suenaga
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi- Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shohei Yasuda
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
| | - Megumi Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shohei Riya
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogata
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Global Innovation Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 185-8538, Japan
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Cao S, Koch K, Drewes JE, Du R. Re-evaluating the Necessity of High-Rate Activated Sludge Processes for Mainstream Anammox. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1851-1854. [PMID: 36696575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Cao
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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