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Jiang L, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Yin D. Obesogenic potentials of environmental artificial sweeteners with disturbances on both lipid metabolism and neural responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170755. [PMID: 38340820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) entered the environments after application and emissions. Recent studies showed that some ASs had obesogenic risks. However, it remained unclear whether such risks are common and how they provoke such effects. Presently, the effects of 8 widely used ASs on lipid accumulation were measured in Caenorhabditis elegans. Potential mechanisms were explored with feeding and locomotion behavior, lipid metabolism and neural regulation. Results showed that acesulfame (ACE), aspartame (ASP), saccharin sodium (SOD), sucralose (SUC) and cyclamate (CYC) stimulated lipid accumulation at μg/L levels, showing obesogenic potentials. Behavior investigation showed that ACE, ASP, SOD, SUC and CYC biased more feeding in the energy intake aspect against the locomotion in the energy consumption one. Neotame (NEO), saccharin (SAC) and alitame (ALT) reduced the lipid accumulation without significant obesogenic potentials in the present study. However, all 8 ASs commonly disturbed enzymes (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase) in lipogenesis and those (e.g., carnitine palmitoyl transferase) in lipolysis. In addition, ASs disturbed PPARγ (via expressions of nhr-49), TGF-β/DAF-7 (daf-7) and SREBP (sbp-1) pathways. Moreover, they also interfered neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), with influences in Gsα (e.g., via expressions of gsα-1, ser-7), glutamate (e.g., mgl-1), and cGMP-dependent signaling pathways (e.g., egl-4). In summary, environmental ASs commonly disturbed neural regulation connecting behavior and lipid metabolism, and 5 out of 8 showed clear obesogenic potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are become emerging pollutants after wide application and continuous emission. Recent studies showed that some environmental ASs had obesogenic risks. The present study employed Caenorhabditis elegans to explore the influences of 8 commonly used ASs on lipid metabolisms and also the underlying mechanisms. Five out of 8 ASs stimulated lipid accumulation at μg/L levels, and they biased energy intake against energy consumption. The other three ASs reduced the lipid accumulation. ASs commonly disturbed lipogenesis and lipolysis via PPARγ, TGF-β and SREBP pathways, and also influenced neurotransmitters with Gsα, glutamate and cGMP-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Honti M, Zsugyel M, Seller C, Fenner K. Benchmarking the Persistence of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in River Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14684-14693. [PMID: 37729605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the persistence of organic micropollutants from field data has been notoriously laborious, requiring extensive data including emissions and chemical properties, and the application of detailed mass-balance models, which often contain parameters that are impossible to measure. To overcome some of these obstacles, we developed the concept of persistence benchmarking for large rivers that receive numerous emissions and provide enough residence time to observe the dissipation of compounds. We estimated the dissipation rate constants of 41 compounds (mostly active pharmaceutical ingredients) from five measurement campaigns in the Rhine and Danube rivers using concentration rate profiles with respect to carbamazepine. Dissipation rates clearly distinguished between known fast- and slow-degrading compounds, and campaign-specific boundary conditions had an influence on a minor subset of compounds only. Benchmarking provided reasonable estimates on summer total system half-lives in the Rhine compared to previous laboratory experiments and a mass-balance modeling study. Consequently, benchmarking can be a straightforward persistence assessment method of continuously emitted organic micropollutants in large river systems, especially when it is supported by field monitoring campaigns of proper analytical quality and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Honti
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Zsugyel
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Seller
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Ren K, Pan X, Peng C, Chen J, Li J, Zeng J. Tracking contaminants in groundwater flowing across a river bottom within a complex karst system: Clues from hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and tracer tests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118099. [PMID: 37207457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tracking contaminants in karst aquifers is challenging because of the high heterogeneity encountered in carbonate rocks. Multi-tracer tests, combined with chemical and isotopic analyses, were conducted to solve a groundwater contamination incident within a complex karst aquifer in Southwest China. Results showed that: (1) the wastewater from a paper mill, public sewers, and septic tanks were the three main potential contaminant sources identified by chemical and isotopic methods; (2) a direct effect of the paper mill wastewater with high Na+ (up to 2230.5 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations on spring water quality was confirmed by multi-tracer tests, which changed the water type from Ca-HCO3 in the 1970s to Ca-Na-HCO3 in the present study and resulted in a depleted carbon isotope value (-16.5‰); and (3) the studied aquifer is a highly complex karst system, due to two conduits crossed each other without mixing, contaminants traveled a long distance (up to 14 km) within the lower conduit, paper mill-contaminated groundwater flowed across a river bottom and discharged to the opposite bank, and an active subsurface divide occurred. After several months of operation, the groundwater restoration measure based on karst hydrogeologic conditions proved that cutting off contaminant sources for karst aquifer self-restore was effective in practice, which contributed to the decline in NH4+ (from 7.81 mg/L to 0.04 mg/L), Na+ (from 50.12 mg/L to 4.78 mg/L), and COD (from 16.42 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L) concentrations coupled with an increase in δ13C-DIC value (from -16.5‰ to -8.4‰) in the earlier contaminated karst spring. This study's integrated method is expected to screen and confirm contaminant sources within complex karst systems rapidly and effectively, thereby contributing to karst groundwater environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources&Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources&Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources&Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jianyao Chen
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Water Resources and Hydrology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources&Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China
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Marazuela MA, Formentin G, Erlmeier K, Hofmann T. Acesulfame allows the tracing of multiple sources of wastewater and riverbank filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121223. [PMID: 36754203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquifers providing drinking water are increasingly threatened by emerging contaminants due to wastewater inputs from multiple sources. These inputs have to be identified, differentiated, and characterized to allow an accurate risk assessment and thus ensure the safety of drinking water through appropriate management. We hypothesize, that in climates with seasonal temperature variations, the sweetener acesulfame potassium (ACE) provides new pathways to study wastewater inputs to aquifers. Specifically, this study investigates the temperature-driven seasonal oscillation of ACE to assess multiple sources of wastewater inputs at a riverbank filtration site. ACE concentrations in the river water varied from 0.2 to 1 μg L-1 in the cold season (T < 10 °C) to 0-0.1 μg L-1 in the warm season (T > 10 °C), due to temperature-dependent biodegradation during wastewater treatment. This oscillating signal could be traced throughout the aquifer over distances up to 3250 m from two different infiltration sources. A transient numerical model of groundwater flow and ACE transport was calibrated over hydraulic heads and ACE concentrations, allowing the accurate calculation of mixing ratios, travel times, and flow-path directions for each of the two infiltration sources. The calculated travel time from the distant infiltration source was of 67 days, while that from the near source was of 20 days. The difference in travel times leads to different potential degradation of contaminants flowing into the aquifer from the river, thus demonstrating the importance of individually assessing the locations of riverbank infiltration. The calibrated ACE transport model allowed calculating transient mixing ratios, which confirmed the impact of river stage and groundwater levels on the mixing ratio of the original groundwater and the bank filtrate. Therefore, continuous monitoring of ACE concentrations can help to optimize the management of the water works with the aim to avoid collection of water with very short travel times, which has important regulative aspects. Our findings demonstrate the suitability of ACE as a transient tracer for identifying multiple sources of wastewater, including riverbank filtration sites affected by wastewater treatment plant effluents. ACE seasonal oscillation tracking thus provides a new tool to be used in climates with pronounced seasonal temperature variations to assess the origins of contamination in aquifers, with time and cost advantages over multi-tracer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Marazuela
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giovanni Formentin
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria; HPC Italia Srl, Via Francesco Ferrucci 17/A, 20145, Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus Erlmeier
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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