1
|
Li X, Li H, Gu X, Lu X, Jin Y, Ma Y, Wang B, Liang H. Nanoscale zero-valent iron/biochar composites containing persistent free radicals (PFRs) for degradation of p-nitrophenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34146-4. [PMID: 39168935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the vital roles of Fe0/biochar composites in the Fenton-like systems for eliminating pollutants that have been recognized, the contributions of persistent free radicals (PFRs) of carbon-based materials are typically overlooked. In this study, the high-PFR-containing biochar nanoiron composites were prepared (nZVI/500), and the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) were investigated. The results showed that nZVI/500 could effectively remove PNP in solution within the pH range of 3-8. Quantitative experiments of ·OH presented that, compared with low PFRs-containing composites, nZVI/500 could generate 64.6 µM ·OH in 60 min without any extra energy consumption. Mechanistic studies revealed that (1) both PFRs and Fe0 are able to utilize dissolved oxygen to generate H2O2 in situ; (2) PFRs can promote the cycling of Fe3+/Fe2+ in the system due to their strong electron exchange ability; and (3) PFRs directly transfer electrons to H2O2; therefore, the presence of PFRs accelerates the generation of ·OH in the system and facilitates the removal of PNP. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical reference for expanding the application of PFR-rich carbon-based materials to remove environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsong Ma
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technologies Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liang
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei X, Zhu N, Xian J, Wu P, Dang Z. Enhanced removal of tetracycline in light-dark tandem by FeCu-doped carbon composites derived from waste cotton fabrics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175402. [PMID: 39127206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
It is of great significance to develop an energy-efficient and external oxidant-free strategy for antibiotics removal. In this study, the novel light-dark tandem strategy was established to enhance tetracycline (TC) removal by bifunctional FeCu-doped carbon composites (FeCu@BC) derived from waste cotton fabrics. Interestingly, over 95 % TC was removed by FeCu@BC under light alone and dark alone in 10 min, with the same preferred conditions of pH 7.50 and 0.04 g/L catalyst dosage. Surprisingly, the enhanced mineralization efficiency of TC was achieved by the light-dark tandem without adjusting the parameters as 86.65 %, which was 1.13, 1.46 and 2.12 times higher than those of the dark-light tandem, light alone and dark alone, respectively. The mechanisms were elucidated as that 83.28 % direct degradation and 4.37 % indirect degradation under light while 47.63 % direct degradation and 24.16 % indirect degradation under darkness contributed for TC removal. The synergetic effects of persistent free radicals (PFRs) and FeCu interactions enabled FeCu@BC to work efficiently under both light and darkness, and light enhanced electron transfer between PFRs and FeCu interactions. Furthermore, energetic electrons stored in these active sites under light could be extracted to enhance electron transfer under subsequent darkness and the strongly catalytically active species initiated under light remained in action after cessation of light. Finally, high molecular TC was easily decomposed by energetic photo-catalysis and low molecular intermediates were mineralized under subsequent enhanced dark-catalysis to increase the mineralization efficiency. In general, this study provided an eco-friendly organics removal strategy and mechanisms insights based on the natural day-night cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jinchan Xian
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang C, Zhai Y. A comprehensive review of the "black gold catalysts" in wastewater treatment: Properties, applications and bibliometric analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142775. [PMID: 38969222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
A significant amount of effort has been devoted to the utilization of biochar-based catalysts in the treatment of wastewater. By virtue of its abundant functional groups and high specific surface area, biochar holds significant promise as a catalyst. This article presents a comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis covering the period from 2009 to 2024, focusing on the restoration of wastewater through biochar catalysis. The production, activation, and functionalization techniques employed for biochar are thoroughly examined. In addition, the application of advanced technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), catalytic reduction reactions, and biochemically driven processes based on biochar are discussed, with a focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms and how surface functionalities influence the catalytic performance of biochar. Furthermore, the potential drawbacks of utilizing biochar are also brought to light. To emphasize the progress being made in this research field and provide valuable insights for future researchers, a scientometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software on 595 articles. Hopefully, this review will enhance understanding of the catalytic performance and mechanisms pertaining to biochar-based catalysts in pollutant treatment while providing a perspective and guidelines for future research and development efforts in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng Z, Zhou B, Li H, Gai N, Chen Y, Yuan R, Chen Z, Luo S, Chen H. Influence of different stalks on the metallization degree of FeCl 3-derived magnetic biochar through pyrolysis behavior and compositional differences. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119513. [PMID: 38950815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of stalk type on the metallization degrees in FeCl3-derived magnetic biochar (MBC), MBC was synthesized via an impregnation-pyrolysis method using six different stalks. The Fe0 content in MBC significantly influenced its magnetic properties and ostensibly governed its catalytic capabilities. Analysis of the interaction between stalks and FeCl3 revealed that the variation in metallization degrees, resulting from FeCl2 decomposition (6.1%) and stalk-mediated reduction (20.7%), was directly responsible for the observed differences in MBC metallization. The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups and fixed carbon appeared to promote metallization in MBC induced by reduction. A series of statistical analyses indicated that the cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content of the stalks were key factors contributing to differences in MBC metallization degrees. Further exploration revealed that hemicellulose and cellulose were more effective than lignin in enhancing metallization through FeCl2 decomposition and reduction. Constructing stalk models demonstrated that the variance in the content of these three biomass components across the six stalk types could lead to differences in the metallization degree attributable to reduction and FeCl2 decomposition, thereby affecting the overall metallization degree of MBC. A prediction model for MBC metallization degree was developed based on these findings. Moreover, the elevated Si content in some stalks facilitated the formation of Fe2(SiO4), which subsequently impeded the reduction process. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the informed selection of stalk feedstocks in the production of FeCl3-derived MBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Beihai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Yuefang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Shuai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huilun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alfei S, Schito GC, Schito AM, Zuccari G. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Antibacterial Oxidative Therapies: Available Methods to Generate ROS and a Novel Option Proposal. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7182. [PMID: 39000290 PMCID: PMC11241369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens causes difficult-to-treat infections with long-term hospitalizations and a high incidence of death, thus representing a global public health problem. To manage MDR bacteria bugs, new antimicrobial strategies are necessary, and their introduction in practice is a daily challenge for scientists in the field. An extensively studied approach to treating MDR infections consists of inducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by several methods. Although further clinical investigations are mandatory on the possible toxic effects of ROS on mammalian cells, clinical evaluations are extremely promising, and their topical use to treat infected wounds and ulcers, also in presence of biofilm, is already clinically approved. Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks at 200-1000 °C in the limited presence of O2. Recently, it has been demonstrated that BC's capability of removing organic and inorganic xenobiotics is mainly due to the presence of persistent free radicals (PFRs), which can activate oxygen, H2O2, or persulfate in the presence or absence of transition metals by electron transfer, thus generating ROS, which in turn degrade pollutants by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this context, the antibacterial effects of BC-containing PFRs have been demonstrated by some authors against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, thus giving birth to our idea of the possible use of BC-derived PFRs as a novel method capable of inducing ROS generation for antimicrobial oxidative therapy. Here, the general aspects concerning ROS physiological and pathological production and regulation and the mechanism by which they could exert antimicrobial effects have been reviewed. The methods currently adopted to induce ROS production for antimicrobial oxidative therapy have been discussed. Finally, for the first time, BC-related PFRs have been proposed as a new source of ROS for antimicrobial therapy via AOPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin K, Hong W, Yang J, Li Y, Gao Y, Li Q, Xu X. Selective and ultrafast oxidation of multiple pollutants by biomorphic diatomite-based catalyst and stable catalytic Fenton-like membrane: Degradation behavior and mechanism analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123825. [PMID: 38513946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-driven advanced oxidations show great potential in water purification, but regulating structures and properties of carbon-based catalysts to achieve ultrafast Fenton-like reactions remains challenging. Herein, a biomorphic diatomite-based catalyst (BD-C) with Si-O doping was prepared using natural diatomite as silicon source and porous template. The results showed that the metal-free BD-C catalyst exhibited ultrafast oxidation performances (0.95-2.58 min-1) towards a variety of pollutants in PMS-based Fenton-like reaction, with the Fenton-like activity of metal-free catalyst comparable to metal-based catalysts or even single-atom catalysts. Pollutants (e.g., CP, BPA, TC, and PCM) with electron-donating groups exhibited extremely low PMS decomposition with overwhelmed electron transfer process (ETP), while high PMS consumption was induced by the addition of electron-withdrawing pollutants (e.g., MNZ and ATZ), which was dominated by radical oxidation. The BD-C/PMS system also showed a high ability to resist the environmental interference. In-depth theoretical investigations demonstrated that the coordination of Si-O can lower the potential barrier of PMS activation for accelerating the generation of radicals, and also promote the electron transfer from pollutants to the BD-C/PMS complexes. In addition, BD-C was deposited onto a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PTFEM) with 100% of pollutants removal over 10 h, thereby revealing the promising prospects of utilizing BD-C for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- Shandong Resources and Environment Construction Group Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Jingren Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou Q, Ji Z, Yu H, Lu S, Guo J, Wu C. Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Based on the Structure-Property Exploration of BiOCl. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7078-7086. [PMID: 38514080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The correlation between structure and properties in the photodegradation reaction of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) was explored in this work. Three BiOCl samples with different sizes, morphological structures, and defects were prepared through a hydrothermal method with experimental manipulation. Their structural properties were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron spin resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Taking the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) as the probe reaction, we found that high activity could be achieved by decreasing their crystal size and thickness, introducing proper defects in the structure, and assembling the nanosheets to get microball structure. Combined with radical-scavenge experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trap spectra, we conclude that ̇O2- was the dominant reactive oxygen species for the degradation reaction. The degradation detailed pathway of TC-HCl was further analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This work explores the structure-property correlation of BiOCl and provides strategies for the rational design of active photocatalysts for water remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhefeng Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunzheng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alfei S, Pandoli OG. Biochar-Derived Persistent Free Radicals: A Plethora of Environmental Applications in a Light and Shadows Scenario. TOXICS 2024; 12:245. [PMID: 38668468 PMCID: PMC11054495 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis at 200-1000 °C in the limited presence of O2 from different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks. BC has demonstrated great potential, mainly in environmental applications, due to its high sorption ability and persistent free radicals (PFRs) content. These characteristics enable BC to carry out the direct and PFRs-mediated removal/degradation of environmental organic and inorganic contaminants. The types of PFRs that are possibly present in BC depend mainly on the pyrolysis temperature and the kind of pristine biomass. Since they can also cause ecological and human damage, a systematic evaluation of the environmental behavior, risks, or management techniques of BC-derived PFRs is urgent. PFRs generally consist of a mixture of carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals and of oxygenated carbon-centered radicals, depending on the pyrolytic conditions. Here, to promote the more productive and beneficial use of BC and the related PFRs and to stimulate further studies to make them environmentally safer and less hazardous to humans, we have first reviewed the most common methods used to produce BC, its main environmental applications, and the primary mechanisms by which BC remove xenobiotics, as well as the reported mechanisms for PFR formation in BC. Secondly, we have discussed the environmental migration and transformation of PFRs; we have reported the main PFR-mediated application of BC to degrade inorganic and organic pollutants, the potential correlated environmental risks, and the possible strategies to limit them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Omar Ginoble Pandoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University, Rua Marquês de São Vincente 225, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng X, Wang B, Ren B, Wang Q, Lu S. Electronic Structure Effect of PtCo Alloy with Adjustable Compositions for Efficient Methanol Electrooxidation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 38156439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Various efficient strategies have been developed to overcome the anodic electrocatalyst issue of methanol-based fuel cells owing to their complicated methanol electrooxidation mechanism. In this work, PtCo nanoparticles with adjustable compositions supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pt1Cox/MWCNTs) through the adsorbing-coating-annealing-etching route were synthesized. Compared with the Pt/C catalyst, Pt1Co3/MWCNTs exhibit better electrocatalytic MOR activity in both activity and durability. Notably, the electrochemical mass and specific activity of the as-prepared catalyst are 1.04 mA μg-1Pt and 2.18 mA cm-2, respectively, which are higher than those of the Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the as-prepared sample revealed lower onset potential during the CO stripping test. Furthermore, the Pt1Co3/MWCNTs possess a lower current density decrease rate in chronoamperometry and cyclic durability tests. The enhancement of activity and stability of Pt1Co3/MWCNTs could be ascribed to their ordered morphological structure, the electronic interaction between MWCNTs and PtCo nanoparticles, and the suitable electronic structure effect between Pt/Co ratios. The concept of the catalyst design in this study offers a different guideline for constructing the novel methanol electrooxidation catalyst, which will accelerate the widespread fuel cell practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingqun Zheng
- College of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bingzhi Ren
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| |
Collapse
|