Tuberculous and non-tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy incidence and distribution in Somalia from 2016 to 2020: A review of 241 cases

Tuberculosis in a weak health system, conflict and fragile zone: The monetary value of human lives lost associated with deaths of persons older than 14 years in Somalia

BACKGROUND

Low tuberculosis (TB) detection and conflict and fragility have overburdened Somalia. This study estimated economic loss associated with TB deaths among persons aged >14 years.

METHOD

Using epidemiologic and economic data, we calculated the cost based on the framework of the World Health Organization guide of identifying the economic consequences of disease and injury. Baseline loss is the product of years of life lost, non-health expenditure, and number of deaths. Adjusting for conflict and fragility conditions and growth of non-health expenditure, we discounted the loss at 3% rate. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of epidemiologic and economic factors.

RESULTS

In 2017 values, the 9180 reported deaths result in a loss of US$ 44.77 million, a US$ 4877 per death over the discounted years. Conflict conditions would increase the loss by 5.3%, while simultaneous adjustment for conflict and attunement to growth of non-health expenditure would increase the burden by 54% to US$ 67.28 million. Male fatalities account for 59% of the burden. The baseline result is robust to input variations, although sensitivity analysis suggests conflict and fragility conditions account for greater uncertainty of the loss.

CONCLUSION

Stakeholders in the healthcare system should minimise the sizeable economic loss by taking measures to enhance surveillance of TB and security.