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Ghosh S, Sinha JK, Ghosh S, Sharma H, Bhaskar R, Narayanan KB. A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Trends and Innovative Therapies in Epilepsy Management. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1305. [PMID: 37759906 PMCID: PMC10527076 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide, with a substantial number of patients facing drug-resistant epilepsy. This comprehensive review explores innovative therapies for epilepsy management, focusing on their principles, clinical evidence, and potential applications. Traditional antiseizure medications (ASMs) form the cornerstone of epilepsy treatment, but their limitations necessitate alternative approaches. The review delves into cutting-edge therapies such as responsive neurostimulation (RNS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS), highlighting their mechanisms of action and promising clinical outcomes. Additionally, the potential of gene therapies and optogenetics in epilepsy research is discussed, revealing groundbreaking findings that shed light on seizure mechanisms. Insights into cannabidiol (CBD) and the ketogenic diet as adjunctive therapies further broaden the spectrum of epilepsy management. Challenges in achieving seizure control with traditional therapies, including treatment resistance and individual variability, are addressed. The importance of staying updated with emerging trends in epilepsy management is emphasized, along with the hope for improved therapeutic options. Future research directions, such as combining therapies, AI applications, and non-invasive optogenetics, hold promise for personalized and effective epilepsy treatment. As the field advances, collaboration among researchers of natural and synthetic biochemistry, clinicians from different streams and various forms of medicine, and patients will drive progress toward better seizure control and a higher quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India
- ICMR—National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Soumya Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India
| | | | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
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2
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Davidson B, Hamani C, Huang Y, Jones RM, Meng Y, Giacobbe P, Lipsman N. Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Capsulotomy for Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 19:741-749. [PMID: 32735671 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opaa240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric surgery is an important domain of functional neurosurgery and involves deep brain stimulation (DBS) or lesional procedures performed for treatment-resistant psychiatric illness. It has recently become possible to use magnetic-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) to perform bilateral capsulotomy, a lesional technique commonly carried out with surgical radiofrequency ablation or stereotactic radiosurgery. MRgFUS offers several advantages, including improved safety and real-time imaging of the lesions. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and technical aspects of performing bilateral MRgFUS capsulotomy in patients with severe refractory depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHODS We describe the clinical and technical considerations of performing MRgFUS capsulotomy. Topics discussed include patient selection, headframe application, targeting, sonication strategies, and follow-up procedures. RESULTS MRgFUS capsulotomy was performed in 16 patients without serious clinical or radiographic adverse events. CONCLUSION MRgFUS allows for a safe, less invasive technique for performing a well-studied psychiatric surgery procedure-the anterior capsulotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Davidson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto Canada
| | - Yuexi Huang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ryan M Jones
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto Canada
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3
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Chang KW, Jung HH, Chang JW. Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Potential for use as a Novel Ablative Surgical Technique. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:640832. [PMID: 33889100 PMCID: PMC8057302 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.640832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical treatment for psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression, using ablative techniques, such as cingulotomy and capsulotomy, have historically been controversial for a number of scientific, social, and ethical reasons. Recently, with the elucidation of anatomical and neurochemical substrates of brain function in healthy controls and patients with such disorders using various functional neuroimaging techniques, these criticisms are becoming less valid. Furthermore, by using new techniques, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), and identifying more precise targets, beneficial effects and the lack of serious complications have been demonstrated in patients with psychiatric disorders. However, DBS also has many disadvantages. Currently, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is used as a minimal-invasive surgical method for generating precisely placed focal thermal lesions in the brain. Here, we review surgical techniques and their potential complications, along with anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) capsulotomy by radiofrequency lesioning and gamma knife radiosurgery, for the treatment of OCD and depression. We also discuss the limitations and technical issues related to ALIC capsulotomy with MRgFUS for medically refractory OCD and depression. Through this review we hope MRgFUS could be considered as a new treatment choice for refractory OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Davidson B, Hamani C, Meng Y, Baskaran A, Sharma S, Abrahao A, Richter MA, Levitt A, Giacobbe P, Lipsman N, Rabin JS. Examining cognitive change in magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound capsulotomy for psychiatric illness. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:397. [PMID: 33177508 PMCID: PMC7658970 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) anterior capsulotomy is a novel treatment option for patients with refractory obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is concern that lesional psychiatric surgery procedures may have adverse effects on cognition. In this study, we examined whether MRgFUS capsulotomy causes cognitive decline in patients with psychiatric illness. Ten patients with refractory OCD (n = 5) or MDD (n = 5) underwent MRgFUS capsulotomy. Cognitive functioning was measured at baseline as well as 6 months and 12 months postoperatively, with a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing domains of executive function, memory, and processing speed. Scores were analyzed at the individual-level, and changes ≥2 standard deviations were considered clinically significant. We also examined whether changes in clinical symptoms were associated with changes in cognitive performance. At baseline intellectual functioning was in the average to high-average range for the group. Following MRgFUS capsulotomy, there were no deteriorations in cognition that reached ≥2 standard deviations at 6 or 12 months. Eight out of ten patients demonstrated a ≥2 standard deviation improvement in at least one cognitive score at 6 or 12 months postoperatively. Improvements in clinical symptoms correlated significantly with self-reported improvements in frontal lobe function (p < 0.05), but not with objective measures of cognitive functioning. To summarize, MRgFUS capsulotomy did not result in cognitive decline in this cohort of patients with refractory OCD or MDD, suggesting that this procedure can be offered to patients with a very low risk of cognitive side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Davidson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Clement Hamani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anusha Baskaran
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sachie Sharma
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Anne Richter
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Levitt
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Pepper J, Zrinzo L, Hariz M. Anterior capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of old and new literature. J Neurosurg 2020; 133:1595-1604. [PMID: 31604328 DOI: 10.3171/2019.4.jns19275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has gained popularity as a treatment of severe and medically refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), often using brain targets informed by historical lesional neurosurgical procedures. Paradoxically, the use of DBS in OCD has led some multidisciplinary teams to revisit the use of lesional procedures, especially anterior capsulotomy (AC), although significant aversion still exists toward the use of lesional neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders. This paper aims to review all literature on the use of AC for OCD to examine its effectiveness and safety profile.All publications on AC for OCD were searched. In total 512 patients were identified in 25 publications spanning 1961-2018. In papers where a Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score was available, 73% of patients had a clinical response (i.e., > 35% improvement in Y-BOCS score) and 24% patients went into remission (Y-BOCS score < 8). In the older publications, published when the Y-BOCS was not yet available, 90% of patients were deemed to have had a significant clinical response and 39% of patients were considered symptom free. The rate of serious complications was low.In summary, AC is a safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious therapy. Its underuse is likely a result of historical prejudice rather than lack of clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pepper
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- 2Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marwan Hariz
- 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Locomotion and eating behavior changes in Yucatan minipigs after unilateral radio-induced ablation of the caudate nucleus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17082. [PMID: 31745153 PMCID: PMC6863900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional roles of the Caudate nucleus (Cd) are well known. Selective Cd lesions can be found in neurological disorders. However, little is known about the dynamics of the behavioral changes during progressive Cd ablation. Current stereotactic radiosurgery technologies allow the progressive ablation of a brain region with limited adverse effects in surrounding normal tissues. This could be of high interest for the study of the modified behavioral functions in relation with the degree of impairment of the brain structures. Using hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy combined with synchrotron microbeam radiation, we investigated, during one year after irradiation, the effects of unilateral radio-ablation of the right Cd on the behavior of Yucatan minipigs. The right Cd was irradiated to a minimal dose of 35.5 Gy delivered in three fractions. MRI-based morphological brain integrity and behavioral functions, i.e. locomotion, motivation/hedonism were assessed. We detected a progressive radio-necrosis leading to a quasi-total ablation one year after irradiation, with an additional alteration of surrounding areas. Transitory changes in the motivation/hedonism were firstly detected, then on locomotion, suggesting the influence of different compensatory mechanisms depending on the functions related to Cd and possibly some surrounding areas. We concluded that early behavioral changes related to eating functions are relevant markers for the early detection of ongoing lesions occurring in Cd-related neurological disorders.
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de Divitiis O, d’Avella E, de Notaris M, Di Somma A, De Rosa A, Solari D, Cappabianca P. The (R)evolution of Anatomy. World Neurosurg 2019; 127:710-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Staudt MD, Herring EZ, Gao K, Miller JP, Sweet JA. Evolution in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: From Psychosurgery to Psychopharmacology to Neuromodulation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:108. [PMID: 30828289 PMCID: PMC6384258 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of psychiatric patients presents significant challenges to the clinical community, and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management is essential to facilitate optimal care. In particular, the neurosurgical treatment of psychiatric disorders, or “psychosurgery,” has held fascination throughout human history as a potential method of influencing behavior and consciousness. Early evidence of such procedures can be traced to prehistory, and interest flourished in the nineteenth and early twentieth century with greater insight into cerebral functional and anatomic localization. However, any discussion of psychosurgery invariably invokes controversy, as the widespread and indiscriminate use of the transorbital lobotomy in the mid-twentieth century resulted in profound ethical ramifications that persist to this day. The concurrent development of effective psychopharmacological treatments virtually eliminated the need and desire for psychosurgical procedures, and accordingly the research and practice of psychosurgery was dormant, but not forgotten. There has been a recent resurgence of interest for non-ablative therapies, due in part to modern advances in functional and structural neuroimaging and neuromodulation technology. In particular, deep brain stimulation is a promising treatment paradigm with the potential to modulate abnormal pathways and networks implicated in psychiatric disease states. Although there is enthusiasm regarding these recent advancements, it is important to reflect on the scientific, social, and ethical considerations of this controversial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Staudt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Z Herring
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Keming Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer A Sweet
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Mitrasinovic S, Zhang M, Appelboom G, Sussman E, Moore JM, Hancock SL, Adler JR, Kondziolka D, Steinberg GK, Chang SD. Milestones in stereotactic radiosurgery for the central nervous system. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 59:12-19. [PMID: 30595165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since Lars Leksell developed the first stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) device in 1951, there has been growth in the technologies available and clinical indications for SRS. This expansion has been reflected in the medical literature, which is built upon key articles and institutions that have significantly impacted SRS applications. Our aim was to identify these prominent works and provide an educational tool for training and further inquiry. METHOD A list of search phrases relating to central nervous system applications of stereotactic radiosurgery was compiled. A topic search was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases. The journal, year of publication, authors, treatment technology, clinical subject, study design and level of evidence for each article were documented. Influence was proposed by citation count and rate. RESULTS Our search identified a total of 10,211 articles with the top 10 publications overall on the study of SRS spanning 443-1313 total citations. Four articles reported on randomized controlled trials, all of which evaluated intracranial metastases. The most prominent subtopics included SRS for arteriovenous malformation, glioblastoma, and acoustic neuroma. Greatest representation by treatment modality included Gamma Knife, LINAC, and TomoTherapy. CONCLUSIONS This systematic reporting of the influential literature on SRS for intracranial and spinal pathologies underscores the technology's rapid and wide reaching clinical applications. Moreover the findings provide an academic guide to future health practitioners and engineers in their study of SRS for neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mitrasinovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States
| | - Geoff Appelboom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States.
| | - Eric Sussman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States
| | - Justin M Moore
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 110 Francis Street, Lowry Suite 3B, Boston, MA 02215-5501, United States
| | - Steven L Hancock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Cancer Center, MC 5847, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5847, United States
| | - John R Adler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, Suite 8R, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States
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Taghipour M, Ghaffarpasand F. Corpus Callosotomy for Drug-Resistant Schizophrenia; Novel Treatment Based on Pathophysiology. World Neurosurg 2018; 116:483-484. [PMID: 30049036 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Taghipour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sharma M, Reeves K, Deogaonkar M, Rezai AR. Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Caruso JP, Sheehan JP. Psychosurgery, ethics, and media: a history of Walter Freeman and the lobotomy. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 43:E6. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.6.focus17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
At the peak of his career, Walter J. Freeman II was a celebrated physician and scientist. He served as the first chairman of the Department of Neurology at George Washington University and was a tireless advocate of surgical treatment for mental illness. His eccentric appearance, engaging personality during interviews, and theatrical demonstrations of his surgical techniques gained him substantial popularity with local and national media, and he performed more than 3000 prefrontal and transorbital lobotomies between 1930 and 1960. However, poor patient outcomes, unfavorable portrayals of the lobotomy in literature and film, and increased regulatory scrutiny contributed to the lobotomy’s decline in popularity. The development of antipsychotic medications eventually relegated the lobotomy to rare circumstances, and Freeman’s reputation deteriorated. Today, despite significant advancements in technique, oversight, and ethical scrutiny, neurosurgical treatment of mental illness still carries a degree of social stigma.This review presents a historical account of Walter Freeman’s life and career, and the popularization of the lobotomy in the US. Additionally, the authors pay special attention to the influence of popular literature and film on the public’s perception of psychosurgery. Aided by an understanding of this pivotal period in medical history, neurosurgeons are poised to confront the ethical and sociological questions facing psychosurgery as it continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason P. Sheehan
- Departments of 1Neurological Surgery and
- 2Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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13
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Schizophrenia and neurosurgery: A dark past with hope of a brighter future. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 34:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sweet JA, Pace J, Girgis F, Miller JP. Computational Modeling and Neuroimaging Techniques for Targeting during Deep Brain Stimulation. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:71. [PMID: 27445709 PMCID: PMC4927621 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate surgical localization of the varied targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a process undergoing constant evolution, with increasingly sophisticated techniques to allow for highly precise targeting. However, despite the fastidious placement of electrodes into specific structures within the brain, there is increasing evidence to suggest that the clinical effects of DBS are likely due to the activation of widespread neuronal networks directly and indirectly influenced by the stimulation of a given target. Selective activation of these complex and inter-connected pathways may further improve the outcomes of currently treated diseases by targeting specific fiber tracts responsible for a particular symptom in a patient-specific manner. Moreover, the delivery of such focused stimulation may aid in the discovery of new targets for electrical stimulation to treat additional neurological, psychiatric, and even cognitive disorders. As such, advancements in surgical targeting, computational modeling, engineering designs, and neuroimaging techniques play a critical role in this process. This article reviews the progress of these applications, discussing the importance of target localization for DBS, and the role of computational modeling and novel neuroimaging in improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases, and thus paving the way for improved selective target localization using DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Sweet
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Pace
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fady Girgis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Bari AA, King NKK, Lipsman N, Lozano AM. Deep Brain Stimulation for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Levi V, Carrabba G, Rampini P, Locatelli M. "Short term surgical complications after subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: does old age matter?". BMC Geriatr 2015; 15:116. [PMID: 26438346 PMCID: PMC4595247 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients aged 65 years and older are not traditionally considered optimal candidates for subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS), mainly for their presumed increased incidence of surgical complications. The aim of this study was to assess STN-DBS surgery safety in relation to age. Methods A total of 107 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS at our institution between 2002 and 2014 were retrospectively stratified according to age in two groups (Young group < 65 years old; Elderly group ≥ 65 years old;). Rate of short-term surgical complications (within 90 days) was reviewed and compared between the two groups. Results Pre-operative baseline data were comparable between the two groups. The 90-days post-operative mortality rate was 0%. Overall incidence of complications related to surgery was 6,54%. In the Elderly group we observed 3 post-operative intra-cerebral haematomas (7,89%), 1 requiring urgent surgical evacuation. In the Young group we observed 2 post-operative asymptomatic intra-cerebral haematomas (2,89%) and 2 wound infections (2,89%), 1 requiring system removal. No others surgical complications were noticed in both groups. Conclusions Chronological age ≥ 65 years old should not be considered alone as exclusion criteria to STN-DBS surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Levi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Carrabba
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Rampini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Cleary DR, Ozpinar A, Raslan AM, Ko AL. Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: where we are now. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E2. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.3.focus1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fossil records showing trephination in the Stone Age provide evidence that humans have sought to influence the mind through physical means since before the historical record. Attempts to treat psychiatric disease via neurosurgical means in the 20th century provided some intriguing initial results. However, the indiscriminate application of these treatments, lack of rigorous evaluation of the results, and the side effects of ablative, irreversible procedures resulted in a backlash against brain surgery for psychiatric disorders that continues to this day. With the advent of psychotropic medications, interest in invasive procedures for organic brain disease waned.
Diagnosis and classification of psychiatric diseases has improved, due to a better understanding of psychiatric patho-physiology and the development of disease and treatment biomarkers. Meanwhile, a significant percentage of patients remain refractory to multiple modes of treatment, and psychiatric disease remains the number one cause of disability in the world. These data, along with the safe and efficacious application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders, in principle a reversible process, is rekindling interest in the surgical treatment of psychiatric disorders with stimulation of deep brain sites involved in emotional and behavioral circuitry.
This review presents a brief history of psychosurgery and summarizes the development of DBS for psychiatric disease, reviewing the available evidence for the current application of DBS for disorders of the mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Cleary
- 1Department of Neurology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alp Ozpinar
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Ahmed M. Raslan
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Andrew L. Ko
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Sharma M, Deogaonkar M, Rezai A. Assessment of potential targets for deep brain stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Med Res 2015; 7:501-5. [PMID: 26015813 PMCID: PMC4432890 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2127w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting 36 million people worldwide and 5.2 million in the United States. The pathogenesis of AD is still elusive. Accumulations of abnormal proteins (beta amyloid and tau protein), inflammatory cascades, abnormal responses to oxidative stress and alteration in oxidative metabolism have been implicated in AD. There are few effective therapeutic options available for this disorder at present. Neuromodulation offers a novel treatment modality for patients with AD. The databases of Medline and PubMed were searched for various studies in English literature describing the deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with AD. Various animal and human clinical studies have shown promising initial results with bilateral DBS targeting various anatomical nodes. In this review, we attempt to highlight the pathophysiology, neural circuitry and potential neuromodulation options in patients with AD. In appropriately selected patients, DBS can potentially delay the cognitive decline, enhance memory functions and can improve the overall quality of life. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy of neuromodulation and to determine the most optimal target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Sharma
- Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Milind Deogaonkar
- Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ali Rezai
- Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Mattei TA, Rehman AA. Technological developments and future perspectives on graphene-based metamaterials: a primer for neurosurgeons. Neurosurgery 2014; 74:499-516; discussion 516. [PMID: 24476906 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, a monolayer atomic-scale honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, has been considered the greatest revolution in metamaterials research in the past 5 years. Its developers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010, and massive funding has been directed to graphene-based experimental research in the last years. For instance, an international scientific collaboration has recently received a €1 billion grant from the European Flagship Initiative, the largest amount of financial resources ever granted for a single research project in the history of modern science. Because of graphene's unique optical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and quantum properties, the incorporation of graphene-based metamaterials to biomedical applications is expected to lead to major technological breakthroughs in the next few decades. Current frontline research in graphene technology includes the development of high-performance, lightweight, and malleable electronic devices, new optical modulators, ultracapacitors, molecular biodevices, organic photovoltaic cells, lithium-ion microbatteries, frequency multipliers, quantum dots, and integrated circuits, just to mention a few. With such advances, graphene technology is expected to significantly impact several areas of neurosurgery, including neuro-oncology, neurointensive care, neuroregeneration research, peripheral nerve surgery, functional neurosurgery, and spine surgery. In this topic review, the authors provide a basic introduction to the main electrophysical properties of graphene. Additionally, future perspectives of ongoing frontline investigations on this new metamaterial are discussed, with special emphasis on those research fields that are expected to most substantially impact experimental and clinical neurosurgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Mattei
- *Invision Health Brain and Spine Center, Williamsville, New York; ‡University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
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Apuzzo MLJ. Next: allegro con brio and the neurosurgical id. World Neurosurg 2014; 82:243-5. [PMID: 25267377 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Attenello FJ, Lee B, Yu C, Liu CY, Apuzzo ML. Supplementing the Neurosurgical Virtuoso: Evolution of Automation from Mythology to Operating Room Adjunct. World Neurosurg 2014; 81:719-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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