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Naseri Alavi SA, Habibi MA, Majdi A, Hajikarimloo B, Rashidi F, Fathi Tavani S, Minaee P, Eazi SM, Kobets AJ. Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:701. [PMID: 38929280 PMCID: PMC11201645 DOI: 10.3390/children11060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior guidelines recommended maintaining normothermia following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but recent studies suggest therapeutic hypothermia as a viable option in pediatric cases. However, some others demonstrated a higher mortality rate. Hence, the impact of hypothermia on neurological symptoms and overall survival remains contentious. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of hypothermia on neurological outcomes in pediatric TBI patients. The PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until 1 January 2024 and data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS A total of eight studies, comprising nine reports, were included in this analysis. Our meta-analysis did not reveal significant differences in mortality (RR = 1.58; 95% CI = 0.89-2.82, p = 0.055), infection (RR = 0.95: 95% CI = 0.79-1.1, p = 0.6), arrhythmia (RR = 2.85: 95% CI = 0.88-9.2, p = 0.08), hypotension (RR = 1.54: 95% CI = 0.91-2.6, p = 0.10), intracranial pressure (SMD = 5.07: 95% CI = -4.6-14.8, p = 0.30), hospital length of stay (SMD = 0.10; 95% CI = -0.13-0.3, p = 0.39), pediatric intensive care unit length of stay (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI = -0.19-0.28, p = 0.71), hemorrhage (RR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.34-2.13, p = 0.75), cerebral perfusion pressure (SMD = 0.158: 95% CI = 0.11-0.13, p = 0.172), prothrombin time (SMD = 0.425; 95% CI = -0.037-0.886, p = 0.07), and partial thromboplastin time (SMD = 0.386; 95% CI = -0.074-0.847, p = 0.10) between the hypothermic and non-hypothermic groups. However, the heart rate was significantly lower in the hypothermic group (-1.523 SMD = -1.523: 95% CI = -1.81--1.22 p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings challenge the effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia in pediatric TBI cases. Despite expectations, it did not significantly improve key clinical outcomes. This prompts a critical re-evaluation of hypothermia's role as a standard intervention in pediatric TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Amin Habibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14399, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bardia Hajikarimloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shohada Tajjrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran 14399, Iran
| | - Farhang Rashidi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14399, Iran
| | - Sahar Fathi Tavani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14399, Iran
| | - Poriya Minaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom 999067, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Eazi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom 999067, Iran
| | - Andrew J. Kobets
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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Lin V, Tian C, Wahlster S, Castillo-Pinto C, Mainali S, Johnson NJ. Temperature Control in Acute Brain Injury: An Update. Semin Neurol 2024; 44:308-323. [PMID: 38593854 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Temperature control in severe acute brain injury (SABI) is a key component of acute management. This manuscript delves into the complex role of temperature management in SABI, encompassing conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and hypoxemic/ischemic brain injury following cardiac arrest. Fever is a common complication in SABI and is linked to worse neurological outcomes due to increased inflammatory responses and intracranial pressure (ICP). Temperature management, particularly hypothermic temperature control (HTC), appears to mitigate these adverse effects primarily by reducing cerebral metabolic demand and dampening inflammatory pathways. However, the effectiveness of HTC varies across different SABI conditions. In the context of post-cardiac arrest, the impact of HTC on neurological outcomes has shown inconsistent results. In cases of TBI, HTC seems promising for reducing ICP, but its influence on long-term outcomes remains uncertain. For AIS, clinical trials have yet to conclusively demonstrate the benefits of HTC, despite encouraging preclinical evidence. This variability in efficacy is also observed in ICH, aSAH, bacterial meningitis, and status epilepticus. In pediatric and neonatal populations, while HTC shows significant benefits in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, its effectiveness in other brain injuries is mixed. Although the theoretical basis for employing temperature control, especially HTC, is strong, the clinical outcomes differ among various SABI subtypes. The current consensus indicates that fever prevention is beneficial across the board, but the application and effectiveness of HTC are more nuanced, underscoring the need for further research to establish optimal temperature management strategies. Here we provide an overview of the clinical evidence surrounding the use of temperature control in various types of SABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cindy Tian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah Wahlster
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Shraddha Mainali
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nicholas J Johnson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Trieu C, Rajagopalan S, Kofke WA, Cruz Navarro J. Overview of Hypothermia, Its Role in Neuroprotection, and the Application of Prophylactic Hypothermia in Traumatic Brain Injury. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:953-962. [PMID: 37115720 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The current standard of practice is to maintain normothermia in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients despite the theoretical benefits of hypothermia and numerous animal studies with promising results. While targeted temperature management or induced hypothermia to support neurological function is recommended for a select patient population postcardiac arrest, similar guidelines have not been instituted for TBI. In this review, we will examine the pathophysiology of TBI and discuss the benefits and risks of induced hypothermia in this patient population. In addition, we provide an overview of the largest randomized controlled trials testing-induced hypothermia. Our literature review on hypothermia returned a myriad of studies and trials, many of which have inconclusive results. The aim of this review was to recognize the effects of hypothermia, summarize the latest trials, address the inconsistencies, and discuss future directions for the study of hypothermia in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Trieu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Departments of
| | - Suman Rajagopalan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Departments of
| | - W Andrew Kofke
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care
- Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Departments of
| | - Jovany Cruz Navarro
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care
- Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Utsumi S, Amagasa S, Yasuda H, Oishi T, Kashiura M, Moriya T. Targeted Temperature Management in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2023; 173:158-166.e2. [PMID: 36682532 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of targeted temperature management, including the appropriate length of time, in pediatric traumatic brain injury is inconclusive. We aimed to compare the efficacy of normothermia and therapeutic hypothermia administered for various durations. METHODS We searched four databases without language limitations until December 2021 and included peer-reviewed published randomized controlled trials comparing normothermia (>35.1°C) with therapeutic hypothermia (32°C -35°C) in children aged <18 years with an acute closed severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale < 8) requiring hospitalization. A favorable neurological outcome was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes were mortality and arrhythmia. Two reviewers performed screening, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Network meta-analysis was performed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group approach. RESULTS We included six trials comprising 448 children. No significant difference was observed in favorable neurological outcomes between normothermia and hypothermia at 24, 48, and 72 h (relative risk, 1.05 [95% confidence interval 0.72-1.54]); 1.14 [0.82-1.57]), and 1.19 [0.77-1.85], respectively). Mortality did not differ significantly between normothermia and hypothermia at 24, 48, and 72 hours (0.56 [0.06-5.44]), (0.63 [0.12-3.36]), and 0.90 [0.10-8.18], respectively). Arrhythmias did not differ significantly between normothermia and hypothermia at 24, 48, and 72 h (0.92 [0.01-14.58], 0.36 [0.09-1.45), and 0.95 [0.03-29.92], respectively). CONCLUSION No conclusive evidence was found on optimal temperature management for pediatric traumatic brain injury. A large randomized controlled trial that considers the temperature control enforcement duration is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Utsumi
- Division of Emergency and Transport Services, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Amagasa
- Division of Emergency and Transport Services, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Yasuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Oishi
- Division of Emergency and Transport Services, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kashiura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Takashi Moriya
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan
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Bussolin L, Falconi M, Leo MC, Parri N, DE Masi S, Rosati A, Cecchi C, Spacca B, Grandoni M, Bettiol A, Lucenteforte E, Lubrano R, Falsaperla R, Melosi F, Agostiniani R, Mangiantini F, Talamonti G, Calderini E, Mancino A, DE Luca M, Conti G, Petrini F. The management of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: Italian Guidelines. Minerva Anestesiol 2021; 87:567-579. [PMID: 33432789 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the work was to update the "Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury" published in 2012, to reflect the new available evidence, and develop the Italian national guideline for the management of severe pediatric head injuries to reduce variation in practice and ensure optimal care to patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2009 to October 2017. Inclusion criteria were English language, pediatric populations (0-18 years) or mixed populations (pediatric/adult) with available age subgroup analyses. The guideline development process was started by the Promoting Group that composed a multidisciplinary panel of experts, with the representatives of the Scientific Societies, the independent expert specialists and a representative of the Patient Associations. The panel selected the clinical questions, discussed the evidence and formulated the text of the recommendations. The documentarists of the University of Florence oversaw the bibliographic research strategy. A group of literature reviewers evaluated the selected literature and compiled the table of evidence for each clinical question. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The search strategies identified 4254 articles. We selected 3227 abstract (first screening) and, finally included 67 articles (second screening) to update the guideline. This Italian update includes 25 evidence-based recommendations and 5 research recommendations. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, progress has been made on the understanding of severe pediatric brain injury, as well as on that concerning all major traumatic pathology. This has led to a progressive improvement in the clinical outcome, although the quantity and quality of evidence remains particularly low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bussolin
- Neuroanesthesiology, Intensive Care and Trauma Center, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Falconi
- Techical-Scientific Secretary, Pediatric Regional and Ethical Committee, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria C Leo
- Techical-Scientific Secretary, Pediatric Regional and Ethical Committee, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Parri
- Emergency Department and Trauma Center, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy -
| | - Salvatore DE Masi
- Clinical Trial Office, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rosati
- Neurosciences Excellence Center, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Costanza Cecchi
- Anestesiology and Intensive Care Unit, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Spacca
- Unit of Neurosurgery, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Grandoni
- Unit of Neurosurgery, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Riccardo Lubrano
- Società Italiana di Medicina Emergenza Urgenza Pediatrica (SIMEUP), Milan, Italy.,Pediatrics Unit, Pediatric Emergency Department, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, "Rodolico-San Marco" University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Società Italiana di Medicina Emergenza Urgenza Pediatrica (SIMEUP), Milan, Italy.,Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Latina, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Melosi
- Anestesiology and Intensive Care Unit, A. Meyer University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Società Italiana di Neurosonologia ed Emodinamica Cerebrale (SINSEC), Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Edoardo Calderini
- Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI), Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Mancino
- Società di Anestesia e Rianimazione Neonatale e Pediatrica Italiana (S.A.R.N.eP.I), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco DE Luca
- Accademia Medica ed Infermieristica di Emergenza e Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica (AMIETIP), Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Accademia Medica ed Infermieristica di Emergenza e Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica (AMIETIP), Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS A. Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Therapeutic hypothermia in children: Which indications remain in 2018? Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:308-311. [PMID: 31278022 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies on therapeutic hypothermia in acute brain injury reported positive outcomes and identified two potential benefits, namely, reduction in seizure incidence and in intracranial pressure. Translating this evidence to humans is challenging, especially for conditions in pediatric patients, such as cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury, and status epilepticus, among others. This narrative review aimed to discuss the current indications and benefits of therapeutic hypothermia in acute brain injury in the pediatric population (i.e., beyond the neonatal period) by analyzing the neurologic outcome and mortality data obtained from previous studies.
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Acupuncture to Promote Recovery of Disorder of Consciousness after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5190515. [PMID: 31015851 PMCID: PMC6444240 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5190515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become an economic and social burden for patients and their families. While acupuncture is an effective tool for promoting recovery of disorder of consciousness (DOC) following TBI, there have been no comprehensive meta-analyses and/or systematic reviews addressing this topic. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture for DOC after TBI. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) incorporating acupuncture, or acupuncture combined with other interventions for DOC after TBI, were included and assessed by two independent investigators. Six outcome indicators were assessed: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS); mortality; efficacy rate; activities of daily living (ADL); and functional comprehensive assessment. Direct comparisons were performed using RevMan 5.3.0 software, with results presented as mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes and relative risk (RR) for binary outcomes. A total of 3511 patients from 49 trials were included. Pooled analyses indicated that acupuncture may have a superior effect on GCS score (MD=2.03, 95% CI :1.92 2.43, Z=16.54, and P<0.00001); GOS score (RR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.18 1.35, Z=6.65, and P<0.00001); efficacy rate (RR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.40 1.56, Z=13.49, and P<0.00001); ADL (MD=9.20, 95% CI:8.19 10.21, Z=17.84, and P<0.00001); and mortality (RR=0.50, 95% CI:0.38 0.67, Z=4.70, and P<0.00001). The results demonstrated that the acupuncture group fared better than the control group in the treatment of DOC after TBI. However, studies were generally of poor quality, and publication bias favoring positive studies was obvious. Therefore, rigorous evaluation standards and well-designed studies are necessary in future studies.
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Araki T. Pediatric Neurocritical Care. Neurocrit Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7272-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang CH, Lin CW, Lee YC, Huang CY, Huang RY, Tai YC, Wang KW, Yang SN, Sun YT, Wang HK. Is traumatic brain injury a risk factor for neurodegeneration? A meta-analysis of population-based studies. BMC Neurol 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 30396335 PMCID: PMC6217762 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the association of prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) with subsequent diagnosis of neurodegeneration disease. Methods All studies from 1980 to 2016 reporting TBI as a risk factor for diagnoses of interest were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, study references, and review articles. The data and study design were assessed by 2 investigators independently. A meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3. Results There were 18 studies comprising 3,263,207 patients. Meta-analysis revealed a significant association of prior TBI with subsequent dementia. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for TBI on development of dementia, FTD and TDP-43 associated disease were 1.93 (95% CI 1.47–2.55, p < 0.001), 4.44 (95% CI 3.86–5.10, p < 0.001), and 2.97 (95% CI 1.35–6.53, p < 0.001). However, analyses of individual diagnoses found no evidence that the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease in individuals with previous TBI compared to those without TBI. Conclusions History of TBI is not associated with the development of subsequent neurodegeneration disease. Care must be taken in extrapolating from these results because no suitable criteria define post TBI neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, further research in this area is needed to confirm these questions and uncover the link between TBI and neurodegeneration disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Che Lee
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Huang
- Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yi Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Tai
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Wang
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan
| | - San-Nan Yang
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Kuang Wang
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
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Hale AT, Pekala K, Theobald B, Kelly K, Wolf M, Wellons JC, Le T, Shannon CN. Predictors of post-discharge seizures in children with traumatic brain injury. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:1361-1365. [PMID: 29564537 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In traumatic brain injury (TBI), hyperglycemia and hypothermia are thought to be associated with poor outcomes, but have not been systematically studied in children. Thus, our aim was to evaluate whether serum glucose and temperature at admission, among other clinical variables, were associated with need for post hospital-discharge seizure medication in children diagnosed with TBI. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 1814 children who were diagnosed with TBI at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Serum glucose levels at admission and temperature at initial presentation, 12, and 24 h were collected. Ongoing seizure activity was defined as discharge prescription of a seizure-modifying medication. RESULTS We identified 121 patients with need for continued seizure medications, and 80 patients expired. Independent predictors of prolonged seizures included serum glucose levels above 140 mg/dl (p < 0.003) and 199 mg/dl (p < 0.001), hypothermia (<35 °C), subdural hematoma (p < 0.001), midline shift (p < 0.001), and > 1% temperature change in the first 24 h (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression adjusting for GCS revealed that bilateral bleed (p = 0.008), body-temperature instability (p = 0.026), subdural hematoma (p < 0.001), and mechanism of injury (p = 0.007) were predictive of prolonged seizure activity. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we conclude that body temperature may be playing a more significant role than glycemic control in propensity for ongoing seizure activity in children sustaining TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hale
- Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Pierce Avenue, 610 RRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Kelly Pekala
- Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Pierce Avenue, 610 RRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin Theobald
- Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Pierce Avenue, 610 RRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Katherine Kelly
- Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Wellons
- Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Truc Le
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chevis N Shannon
- Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids, Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Synnot A, Bragge P, Lunny C, Menon D, Clavisi O, Pattuwage L, Volovici V, Mondello S, Cnossen MC, Donoghue E, Gruen RL, Maas A. The currency, completeness and quality of systematic reviews of acute management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A comprehensive evidence map. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198676. [PMID: 29927963 PMCID: PMC6013193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To appraise the currency, completeness and quality of evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of acute management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS We conducted comprehensive searches to March 2016 for published, English-language SRs and RCTs of acute management of moderate to severe TBI. Systematic reviews and RCTs were grouped under 12 broad intervention categories. For each review, we mapped the included and non-included RCTs, noting the reasons why RCTs were omitted. An SR was judged as 'current' when it included the most recently published RCT we found on their topic, and 'complete' when it included every RCT we found that met its inclusion criteria, taking account of when the review was conducted. Quality was assessed using the AMSTAR checklist (trichotomised into low, moderate and high quality). FINDINGS We included 85 SRs and 213 RCTs examining the effectiveness of treatments for acute management of moderate to severe TBI. The most frequently reviewed interventions were hypothermia (n = 17, 14.2%), hypertonic saline and/or mannitol (n = 9, 7.5%) and surgery (n = 8, 6.7%). Of the 80 single-intervention SRs, approximately half (n = 44, 55%) were judged as current and two-thirds (n = 52, 65.0%) as complete. When considering only the most recently published review on each intervention (n = 25), currency increased to 72.0% (n = 18). Less than half of the 85 SRs were judged as high quality (n = 38, 44.7%), and nearly 20% were low quality (n = 16, 18.8%). Only 16 (20.0%) of the single-intervention reviews (and none of the five multi-intervention reviews) were judged as current, complete and high-quality. These included reviews of red blood cell transfusion, hypothermia, management guided by intracranial pressure, pharmacological agents (various) and prehospital intubation. Over three-quarters (n = 167, 78.4%) of the 213 RCTs were included in one or more SR. Of the remainder, 17 (8.0%) RCTs post-dated or were out of scope of existing SRs, and 29 (13.6%) were on interventions that have not been assessed in SRs. CONCLUSION A substantial number of SRs in acute management of moderate to severe TBI lack currency, completeness and quality. We have identified both potential evidence gaps and also substantial research waste. Novel review methods, such as Living Systematic Reviews, may ameliorate these shortcomings and enhance utility and reliability of the evidence underpinning clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Synnot
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cochrane Consumers and Communication, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Bragge
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carole Lunny
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge; Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital; Queens’ College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ornella Clavisi
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- MOVE: Muscle, Bone and Joint Health Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Loyal Pattuwage
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (MonCOEH), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Volovici
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maryse C. Cnossen
- Center for Medical Decision Making, Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Donoghue
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Russell L. Gruen
- Nanyang Technical University, Singapore
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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Contrôle cible de la température en réanimation (hors nouveau-nés). MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3166/rea-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Da Dalt L, Parri N, Amigoni A, Nocerino A, Selmin F, Manara R, Perretta P, Vardeu MP, Bressan S. Italian guidelines on the assessment and management of pediatric head injury in the emergency department. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:7. [PMID: 29334996 PMCID: PMC5769508 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to formulate evidence-based recommendations to assist physicians decision-making in the assessment and management of children younger than 16 years presenting to the emergency department (ED) following a blunt head trauma with no suspicion of non-accidental injury. METHODS These guidelines were commissioned by the Italian Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and include a systematic review and analysis of the literature published since 2005. Physicians with expertise and experience in the fields of pediatrics, pediatric emergency medicine, pediatric intensive care, neurosurgery and neuroradiology, as well as an experienced pediatric nurse and a parent representative were the components of the guidelines working group. Areas of direct interest included 1) initial assessment and stabilization in the ED, 2) diagnosis of clinically important traumatic brain injury in the ED, 3) management and disposition in the ED. The guidelines do not provide specific guidance on the identification and management of possible associated cervical spine injuries. Other exclusions are noted in the full text. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations to guide physicians practice when assessing children presenting to the ED following blunt head trauma are reported in both summary and extensive format in the guideline document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviana Da Dalt
- Pediatric Emergency Department-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Niccolo' Parri
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Amigoni
- Pediatric Emergency Department-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Agostino Nocerino
- Department of Pediatrics, S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Selmin
- Pediatric Emergency Department-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Renzo Manara
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Perretta
- Neurosurgery Unit, Regina Margherita Pediatric Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Vardeu
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Regina Margherita Pediatric Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Pediatric Emergency Department-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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Dietrich WD, Bramlett HM. Therapeutic hypothermia and targeted temperature management for traumatic brain injury: Experimental and clinical experience. Brain Circ 2017; 3:186-198. [PMID: 30276324 PMCID: PMC6057704 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_28_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide medical problem, and currently, there are few therapeutic interventions that can protect the brain and improve functional outcomes in patients. Over the last several decades, experimental studies have investigated the pathophysiology of TBI and tested various pharmacological treatment interventions targeting specific mechanisms of secondary damage. Although many preclinical treatment studies have been encouraging, there remains a lack of successful translation to the clinic and no therapeutic treatments have shown benefit in phase 3 multicenter trials. Therapeutic hypothermia and targeted temperature management protocols over the last several decades have demonstrated successful reduction of secondary injury mechanisms and, in some selective cases, improved outcomes in specific TBI patient populations. However, the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia have not been demonstrated in multicenter randomized trials to significantly improve neurological outcomes. Although the exact reasons underlying the inability to translate therapeutic hypothermia into a larger clinical population are unknown, this failure may reflect the suboptimal use of this potentially powerful therapeutic in potentially treatable severe trauma patients. It is known that multiple factors including patient recruitment, clinical treatment variables, and cooling methodologies are all important in yielding beneficial effects. High-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials that incorporate these factors are required to maximize the benefits of this experimental therapy. This article therefore summarizes several factors that are important in enhancing the beneficial effects of therapeutic hypothermia in TBI. The current failures of hypothermic TBI clinical trials in terms of clinical protocol design, patient section, and other considerations are discussed and future directions are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Targeted temperature management in the ICU: Guidelines from a French expert panel. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2017; 37:481-491. [PMID: 28688998 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent period, the use of induced hypothermia has gained an increasing interest for critically ill patients, in particular in brain-injured patients. The term "targeted temperature management" (TTM) has now emerged as the most appropriate when referring to interventions used to reach and maintain a specific level temperature for each individual. TTM may be used to prevent fever, to maintain normothermia, or to lower core temperature. This treatment is widely used in intensive care units, mostly as a primary neuroprotective method. Indications are, however, associated with variable levels of evidence based on inhomogeneous or even contradictory literature. Our aim was to conduct a systematic analysis of the published data in order to provide guidelines. We present herein recommendations for the use of TTM in adult and paediatric critically ill patients developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. These guidelines were conducted by a group of experts from the French Intensive Care Society (Société de réanimation de langue française [SRLF]) and the French Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Société francaise d'anesthésie réanimation [SFAR]) with the participation of the French Emergency Medicine Association (Société française de médecine d'urgence [SFMU]), the French Group for Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergencies (Groupe francophone de réanimation et urgences pédiatriques [GFRUP]), the French National Association of Neuro-Anesthesiology and Critical Care (Association nationale de neuro-anesthésie réanimation française [ANARLF]), and the French Neurovascular Society (Société française neurovasculaire [SFNV]). Fifteen experts and two coordinators agreed to consider questions concerning TTM and its practical implementation in five clinical situations: cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury, stroke, other brain injuries, and shock. This resulted in 30 recommendations: 3 recommendations were strong (Grade 1), 13 were weak (Grade 2), and 14 were experts' opinions. After two rounds of rating and various amendments, a strong agreement from voting participants was obtained for all 30 (100%) recommendations, which are exposed in the present article.
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Abstract
Over the recent period, the use of induced hypothermia has gained an increasing interest for critically ill patients, in particular in brain-injured patients. The term “targeted temperature management” (TTM) has now emerged as the most appropriate when referring to interventions used to reach and maintain a specific level temperature for each individual. TTM may be used to prevent fever, to maintain normothermia, or to lower core temperature. This treatment is widely used in intensive care units, mostly as a primary neuroprotective method. Indications are, however, associated with variable levels of evidence based on inhomogeneous or even contradictory literature. Our aim was to conduct a systematic analysis of the published data in order to provide guidelines. We present herein recommendations for the use of TTM in adult and paediatric critically ill patients developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. These guidelines were conducted by a group of experts from the French Intensive Care Society (Société de Réanimation de Langue Française [SRLF]) and the French Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Société Francaise d’Anesthésie Réanimation [SFAR]) with the participation of the French Emergency Medicine Association (Société Française de Médecine d’Urgence [SFMU]), the French Group for Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergencies (Groupe Francophone de Réanimation et Urgences Pédiatriques [GFRUP]), the French National Association of Neuro-Anesthesiology and Critical Care (Association Nationale de Neuro-Anesthésie Réanimation Française [ANARLF]), and the French Neurovascular Society (Société Française Neurovasculaire [SFNV]). Fifteen experts and two coordinators agreed to consider questions concerning TTM and its practical implementation in five clinical situations: cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury, stroke, other brain injuries, and shock. This resulted in 30 recommendations: 3 recommendations were strong (Grade 1), 13 were weak (Grade 2), and 14 were experts’ opinions. After two rounds of rating and various amendments, a strong agreement from voting participants was obtained for all 30 (100%) recommendations, which are exposed in the present article.
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Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult and Pediatric Patients. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:575-583. [PMID: 27941370 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapeutic hypothermia has been used to attenuate the effects of traumatic brain injuries. However, the required degree of hypothermia, length of its use, and its timing are uncertain. We undertook a comprehensive meta-analysis to quantify benefits of hypothermia therapy for traumatic brain injuries in adults and children by analyzing mortality rates, neurologic outcomes, and adverse effects. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov and manual searches of studies were conducted for relevant publications up until February 2016. STUDY SELECTION Forty-one studies in adults (n = 3,109; age range, 18-81 yr) and eight studies in children (n = 454; age range, 3 mo to 18 yr) met eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Baseline patient characteristics, enrollment time, methodology of cooling, target temperature, duration of hypothermia, and rewarming protocols were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Risk ratios with 95% CIs were calculated. Compared with adults who were kept normothermic, those who underwent therapeutic hypothermia were associated with 18% reduction in mortality (risk ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96; p = 0.01) and a 35% improvement in neurologic outcome (risk ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18-1.54; p < 0.00001). The optimal management strategy for adult patients included cooling patients to a minimum of 33°C for 72 hours, followed by spontaneous, natural rewarming. In contrast, adverse outcomes were observed in children who underwent hypothermic treatment with a 66% increase in mortality (risk ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.06-2.59; p = 0.03) and a marginal deterioration of neurologic outcome (risk ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-1.01; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic hypothermia is likely a beneficial treatment following traumatic brain injuries in adults but cannot be recommended in children.
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Updating Evidence for Using Hypothermia in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Conventional and Bayesian Meta-Analytic Perspectives. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017; 18:355-362. [PMID: 28230712 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical trials of hypothermia management on outcome in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury using conventional and Bayesian meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES Screening of PubMed and other databases to identify randomized controlled trials of hypothermia for pediatric severe traumatic brain injury published before September 2016. STUDY SELECTION Four investigators assessed and reviewed randomized controlled trial data. DATA EXTRACTION Details of trial design, patient number, Glasgow Coma Scale score, hypothermia and control normothermia therapy, and outcome of mortality were collated. DATA SYNTHESIS In conventional meta-analysis, random-effects models were expressed as odds ratio (odds ratio with 95% credible-interval). Bayesian outcome probabilities were calculated as probability of odds ratio greater than or equal to 1. In seven randomized controlled trials (n = 472, patients 0-17 yr old), there was no difference in mortality (hypothermia vs normothermia) with pooled estimate 1.42 (credible-interval, 0.77-2.61; p = 0.26). Duration of hypothermia (24, 48, or 72 hr) did not show difference in mortality. (Similar results were found using poor outcome.) Bayesian analyses of randomized controlled trials ordered by time of study completed recruitment showed, after the seventh trial, chance of relative risk reduction of death by greater than 20% is 1-in-3. An optimistic belief (0.90 probability that relative risk reduction of death > 20% hypothermia vs normothermia) gives a chance of relative risk reduction of death by greater than 20% of 1-in-2. CONCLUSIONS Conventional meta-analysis shows the null hypothesis-no difference between hypothermia versus normothermia on mortality and poor outcome-cannot be rejected. However, Bayesian meta-analysis shows chance of relative risk reduction of death greater than 20% with hypothermia versus normothermia is 1-in-3, which may be further altered by one's optimistic or skeptical belief about a patient.
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Ichkova A, Rodriguez-Grande B, Bar C, Villega F, Konsman JP, Badaut J. Vascular impairment as a pathological mechanism underlying long-lasting cognitive dysfunction after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2017; 111:93-102. [PMID: 28377126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children. Indeed, the acute mechanical injury often evolves to a chronic brain disorder with long-term cognitive, emotional and social dysfunction even in the case of mild TBI. Contrary to the commonly held idea that children show better recovery from injuries than adults, pediatric TBI patients actually have worse outcome than adults for the same injury severity. Acute trauma to the young brain likely interferes with the fine-tuned developmental processes and may give rise to long-lasting consequences on brain's function. This review will focus on cerebrovascular dysfunction as an important early event that may lead to long-term phenotypic changes in the brain after pediatric TBI. These, in turn may be associated with accelerated brain aging and cognitive dysfunction. Finally, since no effective treatments are currently available, understanding the unique pathophysiological mechanisms of pediatric TBI is crucial for the development of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Bar
- CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Villega
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Targeted Temperature Management and Acute Brain Injury: An Update from Recent Clinical Trials. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-016-0164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Over the last decade, several advancements have been made in the field of TBI all aimed at improving outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Advancements in the management of TBI have been made possible through improved understanding of basic pathophysiology associated with this condition. The aim of this review is to briefly highlight the underlying pathophysiology of TBI and the most recent advancements and novel strategies being used in its treatment. We also briefly discuss coagulopathy of TBI, clinical management of TBI and how it has evolved recently. SUMMARY The mortality associated with TBI continues to remain high and several novel strategies have emerged as potential candidates for the treatment of secondary brain injury. The clinical management of TBI and associated coagulopathy has evolved allowing for a more tailored approach toward its management.
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Sun H, Zheng M, Wang Y, Diao Y, Zhao W, Wei Z. Brain tissue partial pressure of oxygen predicts the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury under mild hypothermia treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2125-9. [PMID: 27601907 PMCID: PMC5003549 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and changes of brain tissue partial pressure of oxygen (PbtO2) in the course of mild hypothermia treatment (MHT) for treating severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS There were 68 cases with sTBI undergoing MHT. PbtO2, intracranial pressure (ICP), jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were continuously monitored, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale score. RESULTS Of 68 patients with sTBI, PbtO2, SjvO2, and CPP were obviously increased, but decreased ICP level was observed throughout the MHT. PbtO2 and ICP were negatively linearly correlated, while there was a positive linear correlation between PbtO2 and SjvO2. Monitoring CPP and SjvO2 was performed under normal circumstances, and a large proportion of patients were detected with low PbtO2. Decreased PbtO2 was also found after MHT. CONCLUSION Continuous PbtO2 monitoring could be introduced to evaluate the condition of regional cerebral oxygen metabolism, thereby guiding the clinical treatment and predicting the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Sun
- Sixth Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin
| | - Maohua Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Sixth Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin
| | - Yunfeng Diao
- Sixth Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin
| | - Wanyong Zhao
- Sixth Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin
| | - Zhengjun Wei
- Sixth Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin
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Kazdal H, Kanat A, Findik H, Sen A, Ozdemir B, Batcik OE, Yavasi O, Inecikli MF. Transorbital Ultrasonographic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Intracranial Midline Shift in Patients with Head Trauma. World Neurosurg 2016; 85:292-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dietrich WD, Bramlett HM. Therapeutic hypothermia and targeted temperature management in traumatic brain injury: Clinical challenges for successful translation. Brain Res 2015; 1640:94-103. [PMID: 26746342 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and targeted temperature management (TTM) for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been tested in a variety of preclinical and clinical situations. Early preclinical studies showed that mild reductions in brain temperature after moderate to severe TBI improved histopathological outcomes and reduced neurological deficits. Investigative studies have also reported that reductions in post-traumatic temperature attenuated multiple secondary injury mechanisms including excitotoxicity, free radical generation, apoptotic cell death, and inflammation. In addition, while elevations in post-traumatic temperature heightened secondary injury mechanisms, the successful implementation of TTM strategies in injured patients to reduce fever burden appear to be beneficial. While TH has been successfully tested in a number of single institutional clinical TBI studies, larger randomized multicenter trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia. The use of TH and TTM for treating TBI continues to evolve and a number of factors including patient selection and the timing of the TH appear to be critical in successful trial design. Based on available data, it is apparent that TH and TTM strategies for treating severely injured patients is an important therapeutic consideration that requires more basic and clinical research. Current research involves the evaluation of alternative cooling strategies including pharmacologically-induced hypothermia and the combination of TH or TTM approaches with more selective neuroprotective or reparative treatments. This manuscript summarizes the preclinical and clinical literature emphasizing the importance of brain temperature in modifying secondary injury mechanisms and in improving traumatic outcomes in severely injured patients. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Brain injury and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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