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Gao JW, Zhan Y, Wang YH, Zhao SJ, Han ZM. Advances in Phytochemistry and Modern Pharmacology of Saposhnikovia Divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:1033-1044. [PMID: 37733271 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk (S. divaricata, Fangfeng) is a herb in the Apiaceae family, and its root has been used since the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C.). Chromones and coumarins are the pharmacologically active substances in S. divaricata. Modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated their antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anticoagulant activities. Technological and analytical strategy theory advancements have yielded novel results; however, most investigations have been limited to the main active substances-chromones and coumarins. Hence, we reviewed studies related to the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of S. divaricata, analyzed the developing trends and challenges, and proposed that research should focus on components' synergistic effects. We also suggested that, the structure-effect relationship should be prioritized in advanced research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wen Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Information Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yun-He Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shu-Jie Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Han
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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Gu C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li R, Feng J, Chen W, Ahmed W, Soufiany I, Huang S, Long J, Chen L. The PI3K/AKT Pathway-The Potential Key Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Stroke. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:900809. [PMID: 35712089 PMCID: PMC9194604 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is associated with a high disability and fatality rate, and adversely affects the quality of life of patients and their families. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used effectively in the treatment of stroke for more than 2000 years in China and surrounding countries and regions, and over the years, this field has gleaned extensive clinical treatment experience. The Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is important for regulation of cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and plays a vital role in vascularization and oxidative stress in stroke. Current Western medicine treatment protocols for stroke include mainly pharmacologic or mechanical thrombectomy to restore blood flow. This review collates recent advances in the past 5 years in the TCM treatment of stroke involving the PI3K/AKT pathway. TCM treatment significantly reduces neuronal damage, inhibits cell apoptosis, and delays progression of stroke via various PI3K/AKT-mediated downstream pathways. In the future, TCM can provide new perspectives and directions for exploring the key factors, and effective activators or inhibitors that affect occurrence and progression of stroke, thereby facilitating treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 9th People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Shiying Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun X, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Cai E, Zhu H, Liu S. The protective effect of 5-O-methylvisammioside on LPS-induced depression in mice by inhibiting the over activation of BV-2 microglia through Nf-κB/IκB-α pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153348. [PMID: 33039720 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-O-methylvisammioside (MeV), also known as 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, is a conventional marker compound for quality control of roots of Saposhnikovia diviaricata (Radix Saposhnikoviae), which exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. PURPOSE According to the activity of MeV, we speculated that MeV may have antidepressant effect on LPS induced depression, and further explored its mechanism. STUDY DESIGN First, to explore the effect and mechanism of MeV on LPS-induced depression in mice, and then to further explore the effect and mechanism of MeV on LPS-activated BV-2 microglia. METHODS By the OFT, EPM, TST and FST behavioral tests, to explore the effect of MeV pretreatment on the behavior of LPS-induced depression mice. ELISA and Griess method were used to detect the changes of the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, the hippocampus SOD and MDA levels, and the NO, SOD, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the culture medium of LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression in the Nf-κB/IκB-α and BDNF/TrkB pathway in the hippocampus of mice and BV-2 microglia. RESULTS MeV (4 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment significantly improves the activity and exploration ability of LPS-induced depression mice, and reduces the immobility time. MeV inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of mice induced by LPS, such as IL-6 and TNF-α. MeV also increased the levels of SOD and reduces the expression of MDA in the hippocampus, thus promoting the alleviation of depressive symptoms in mice. Western blotting analysis showed that the antidepressant activity of MeV was related to the decrease of Nf-κB nuclear transport, the inhibition of IκB-α phosphorylation, and the increase of BDNF and TrkB expression. MeV (40 μM) significantly reduced the contents of NO, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 in the culture medium of LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia, and increased the content of SOD. CONCLUSION MeV can regulate the neurotrophic factors in the mouse brain, reduce the content of inflammatory factors by the Nf-κB/IκB-α pathway, improve oxidative stress, and inhibit the excessive activation of LPS-stimulated BV -2 microglia. It effectively reversed the depression-like behAavior induced by LPS in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingwen Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangli Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Xie W, Wulin H, Shao G, Wei L, Qi R, Ma B, Chen N, Shi R. Polygalasaponin F inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:196-204. [PMID: 32237267 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischaemia is a common cerebrovascular disease and often induces neuronal apoptosis, leading to brain damage. Polygalasaponin F (PGSF) is one of the components in Polygala japonica Houtt, and it is a triterpenoid saponin monomer. This research focused on anti-apoptotic effect of PGSF during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and primary rat cortical neurons. OGD/R treatment reduced viability of PC12 cells and primary neurons. This reduced viability was prevented by PGSF, as shown by MTT assay. OGD/R insult decreased expression of Bcl-2/Bax both in PC12 cells and primary neurons but elevated levels of caspase-3 in primary neurons. However, PGSF may up-regulate expression of Bcl-2/Bax and down-regulate caspase-3 in these particular cells. Furthermore, Bcl-2/Bax and the ratio between phosphorylated Akt and total Akt were decreased in PC12 cells treated with OGD/R, and both were increased by PGSF. Moreover, increase in the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax and phosphorylated Akt/total Akt in PC12 cells was suppressed by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Data suggest PGSF might prevent OGD/R-induced injury via activation of PI3K/Akt signalling. The ability of PGSF to block the effects of OGD/R appears to involve regulation of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3, which are related to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Physiology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Hade Wulin
- Department of Physiology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Guo Shao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Liqin Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Ruifang Qi
- Department of Physiology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Baohui Ma
- Department of Physiology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Shi
- Department of Physiology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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Yoo OK, Keum YS. 4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-Methylvisamminol Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Protects against Oxidative Damages. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:381-385. [PMID: 30971060 PMCID: PMC6609110 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to examine anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of 4′-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GOMV), the first epigenetic inhibitor of histone phosphorylation at Ser10. While GOMV did not affect the viability of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, it significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced generation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) through transcriptional inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GOMV also scavenged free radicals in vitro, increased NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and activated antioxidant response element (ARE), thereby resulting in the induction of phase II cytoprotective enzymes in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Finally, GOMV significantly protected HaCaT cells against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced oxidative intracellular damages. Together, our results illustrate that GOMV possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Kyung Yoo
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Keum
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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