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Teng JS, Wang Y. An immune-related eleven-RNA signature-drived risk score model for prognosis of osteosarcoma metastasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13401. [PMID: 38862526 PMCID: PMC11166963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine an immune-related RNA signature as a prognostic marker, in this study, we developed a risk score model for predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma metastasis. We first downloaded the clinical information and expression data of osteosarcoma samples from the UCSC Xena and GEO databases, of which the former was the training set and the latter was the validation set. Immune infiltration was assessed using the ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms, and the osteosarcoma samples were divided into the Immunity_L and Immunity_H groups. Then, eleven RNAs were identified as the optimal prognostic RNA signatures using LASSO Cox regression analysis for establishing a risk score (RS) model. Kaplan-Meier approach indicated the high-risk group exhibited a shorter survival. Furthermore, we analyzed the tumor metastasis, age, and RS model status were determined to be independent clinical prognostic factors using Cox regression analysis. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the prognostic factor + RS model had the best net benefit. Finally, nine tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) showed significant differences in abundance between high- and low-risk groups via CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm. In conclusion, the immune-related eleven-RNA signature be could served as a potential prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Song Teng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 23 Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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2
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Zhang X, Fan Y, Shen Z, Chen Z, You W. Identifying immune-related prognostic biomarkers in osteosarcoma: Development and validation of the tumor immune microenvironment risk model based on analysis of TCGA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38462917 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited effective therapeutic options. This study aimed to identify immune-related prognostic biomarkers and develop a prognostic model for osteosarcoma. METHODS We performed integrated analysis of transcriptomic data and immune cell infiltration profiles of 84 osteosarcoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of the TIMErisk model. We also performed functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the TIMErisk model. RESULTS We identified a seven-gene TIMErisk model (C2, APBB1IP, BST2, TRPV2, CCL5, GBP1, and F13A1) that was independently associated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. The TIMErisk model showed significant associations with immune cell infiltration and immunosuppressive gene expression. In addition, the TIMErisk model was associated with drug sensitivity, and we found that several immune checkpoint genes were significantly differentially expressed between high- and low-TIMErisk groups. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the TIMErisk model was associated with multiple immune-related pathways, including antigen processing and presentation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study identified a novel TIME-based prognostic model for osteosarcoma that incorporates immune-related genes and can be used to predict patient prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Our findings highlight the importance of the TIME microenvironment in osteosarcoma progression and suggest that immune-related biomarkers may have clinical significance in the management of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhe Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Wulin You
- Department of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
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3
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Abd Elmoneim HM, Huwait HF, Nafady-Hego H, Mohamed FA. PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF PD-L1 EXPRESSION AND LOSS OF PTEN IN PATIENTS WITH RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EWING'S SARCOMA AND OSTEOSARCOMA. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:337-350. [PMID: 38186021 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.03.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children, osteosarcoma (OS), Ewing's sarcoma (ES), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are the most common sarcomas. A link between the anti-programmed death ligand-1 PD-L1 and the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression has been described in many tumors. The aim of this work is to determine clinicopathological relationships and the possible prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PTEN expression in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing's sarcoma (ES), and osteosarcoma (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of PD-L1 and PTEN were examined by immunohistochemistry in 45 archival RMS, ES, and OS cases. RESULTS The positive expression of PD-L1 was found in 16.7% and 31.6% of ES and OS, respectively. The negative PD-L1 was related to a substantially longer survival in ES cases (p = 0.045), but positive PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with the increased tumor stage and vascular invasion in the OS cases (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002), respectively. On the other hand, PTEN loss was strongly associated with deep tumor, high tumor grade, and recurrence in RMS (p = 0.002, p = 0.045, and p = 0.026, respectively). However, PTEN loss was significantly absent in ES as tumor grade increased (p = 0.031). It is noteworthy that tumor recurrence, the loss of PTEN, and positive PD-L1 were all considered predictive factors in OS patients (p = 0.045, p = 0.032, and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In children, OS and ES have positive PD-L1 expression, which has an independent unfavorable prognostic effect and raises the possibility of using PD-L1 as a therapeutic target. OS, ES, and RMS prognosis are all predicted by PTEN loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Abd Elmoneim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - H F Huwait
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Nafady-Hego
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory Department, Al Tahrir Medical Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fez A Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zappa E, Vitali A, Anders K, Molenaar JJ, Wienke J, Künkele A. Adoptive cell therapy in paediatric extracranial solid tumours: current approaches and future challenges. Eur J Cancer 2023; 194:113347. [PMID: 37832507 PMCID: PMC10695178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has ignited hope to cure paediatric solid tumours that resist traditional therapies. Among the most promising methods is adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Particularly, ACT using T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has moved into the spotlight in clinical studies. However, the efficacy of ACT is challenged by ACT-intrinsic factors, like lack of activation or T cell exhaustion, as well as immune evasion strategies of paediatric solid tumours, such as their highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Novel strategies, including ACT using innate-like lymphocytes, innovative cell engineering techniques, and ACT combination therapies, are being developed and will be crucial to overcome these challenges. Here, we discuss the main classes of ACT for the treatment of paediatric extracranial solid tumours, reflect on the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting promising strategies, and address the challenges that ACT is still facing. Ultimately, we highlight state-of-the-art developments and opportunities for new therapeutic options, which hold great potential for improving outcomes in this challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zappa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Vitali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kathleen Anders
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Wienke
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Todosenko N, Yurova K, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Khlusov I, Litvinova L. Heparin and Heparin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Pleiotropic Molecular Effects at Multiple Drug Resistance of Osteosarcoma and Immune Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102181. [PMID: 36297616 PMCID: PMC9612132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main problems of modern health care is the growing number of oncological diseases both in the elderly and young population. Inadequately effective chemotherapy, which remains the main method of cancer control, is largely associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. The search for new solutions to overcome the resistance of malignant cells to pharmacological agents is being actively pursued. Another serious problem is immunosuppression caused both by the tumor cells themselves and by antitumor drugs. Of great interest in this context is heparin, a biomolecule belonging to the class of glycosaminoglycans and possessing a broad spectrum of biological activity, including immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the context of the rapid development of the new field of “osteoimmunology,” which focuses on the collaboration of bone and immune cells, heparin and delivery systems based on it may be of intriguing importance for the oncotherapy of malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive, chemoresistant malignant tumor that affects young adults and is characterized by constant recurrence and metastasis. This review describes the direct and immune-mediated regulatory effects of heparin and drug delivery systems based on it on the molecular mechanisms of (multiple) drug resistance in (onco) pathological conditions of bone tissue, especially osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Wen Y, Tang F, Tu C, Hornicek F, Duan Z, Min L. Immune checkpoints in osteosarcoma: Recent advances and therapeutic potential. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215887. [PMID: 35995141 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and is associated with a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis. Effective treatment for osteosarcoma, especially advanced osteosarcoma, has stagnated over the past four decades. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has transformed the treatment paradigm for multiple malignant tumor types and indicated a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. In this review, we discuss recent advances in immune checkpoints, including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and their related ICIs for osteosarcoma treatment. We present the main existing mechanisms of resistance to ICIs therapy in osteosarcoma. Moreover, we summarize the current strategies for improving the efficacy of ICIs in osteosarcoma and address the potential predictive biomarkers of ICIs treatment in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wen
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Tang
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Li Min
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Huang P, Xu L, Jin M, Li L, Ke Y, Zhang M, Zhang K, Lu K, Huang G. Construction and Validation of a Tumor Microenvironment-Based Scoring System to Evaluate Prognosis and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060951. [PMID: 35741714 PMCID: PMC9222903 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is among the most dangerous malignant tumors to human health. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for about 40% of all lung cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial regulator of carcinogenesis and therapeutic efficacy in LUAD. However, the impact of tumor microenvironment-related signatures (TMERSs) representing the TME characteristics on the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of LUAD patients remains to be further explored. Materials and methods: Gene expression files and clinical information of 1630 LUAD samples and 275 samples with immunotherapy information from different databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Research Institute (CRI) iAtlas were downloaded and analyzed. Three hundred tumor microenvironment-related signatures (TMERS) based on a comprehensive collection of marker genes were quantified by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and then eight significant signatures were selected to construct the tumor microenvironment-related signature score (TMERSscore) by performing Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-Cox analysis. Results: In this study, we constructed a TME-based prognostic stratification model for patients with LUAD and validated it in several external datasets. Furthermore, the TMERSscore was found to be positively correlated with tumor malignancy and a high TMERSscore predicted a poor prognosis. Moreover, the TMERSscore of responders treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapies was significantly lower than that of non-responders, and the TMERSscore was positively correlated with the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, implying that a low TMERSscore predicts a better response to ICI treatment and may provide independent and incremental predictive value over current biomarkers. Conclusions: Overall, we constructed a TMERSscore that can be used for LUAD patient prognosis stratification as well as ICI therapeutic efficacy evaluation, supportive results from independent external validation sets showed its robustness and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinzheng Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
| | - Linfeng Xu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
| | - Lixi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
| | - Yizhong Ke
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
| | - Kairui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
| | - Kongyao Lu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
| | - Gang Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.H.); (L.X.); (L.L.); (Y.K.); (M.Z.); (K.Z.); (K.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Razmara AM, Judge SJ, Gingrich AA, Cruz SM, Culp WTN, Kent MS, Rebhun RB, Canter RJ. Natural Killer and T Cell Infiltration in Canine Osteosarcoma: Clinical Implications and Translational Relevance. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771737. [PMID: 34869744 PMCID: PMC8635198 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic osteosarcoma has a bleak prognosis in both humans and dogs, and there have been minimal therapeutic advances in recent decades to improve outcomes. Naturally occurring osteosarcoma in dogs is shown to be a highly suitable model for human osteosarcoma, and limited data suggest the similarities between species extend into immune responses to cancer. Studies show that immune infiltrates in canine osteosarcoma resemble those of human osteosarcoma, and the analysis of tumor immune constituents as predictors of therapeutic response is a promising direction for future research. Additionally, clinical studies in dogs have piloted the use of NK transfer to treat osteosarcoma and can serve as valuable precursors to clinical trials in humans. Cytotoxic lymphocytes in dogs and humans with osteosarcoma have increased activation and exhaustion markers within tumors compared with blood. Accordingly, NK and T cells have complex interactions among cancer cells and other immune cells, which can lead to changes in pathways that work both for and against the tumor. Studies focused on NK and T cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment can open the door to targeted therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Specifically, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint expression is conserved across tumors in both species, but further characterization of PD-L1 in canine osteosarcoma is needed to assess its prognostic significance compared with humans. Ultimately, a comparative understanding of T and NK cells in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment in both dogs and humans can be a platform for translational studies that improve outcomes in both dogs and humans with this frequently aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryana M Razmara
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean J Judge
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alicia A Gingrich
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sylvia M Cruz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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9
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Zhang L, Xue L, Wu Y, Wu Q, Ren H, Song X. Exosomes loaded with programmed death ligand-1 promote tumor growth by immunosuppression in osteosarcoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9520-9530. [PMID: 34699324 PMCID: PMC8810114 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor commonly observed in adolescents, who experience relapse and metastasis (30% of the total cases). Its progression is attributed to immune escape mediated by immune checkpoints. However, the intercellular connection between tumor cells and T cells remain unclear. This study was conducted to explore the effects of PD-L1-loaded exosomes on the tumor growth of OS. The exosomes were extracted from cells and tissues through ultracentrifugation. IFN-γ production was determined to evaluate the activity of Jurkat cells. The in vivo growth of OS cells was examined using a C3H xenograft model in mice, tumor volumes were monitored, and the proportion of CD3 + T cells in tumor tissues was detected. Results revealed that PD-L1 was significantly upregulated in the OS cell lines. MG63 and Saos-2 cells were the most abundant in PD-L1, so they were selected as investigation targets. PD-L1 was found to be also highly expressed in the exosomes isolated from MG63 and Saos-2 cells. The exosomes elicited significant inhibitory effects on IFN-γ secretion in Jurkat cells, which were abolished by the PD-L1 antibody or siRNAs. The in vivo growth of C3H cells was significantly facilitated by the overexpression of mPD-L1 or by the administration of mPD-L1-overloaded exosomes. The infiltration of CD3 + T cells was also decreased. The exosomes extracted from clinical PD-L1-positive OS tissues showed a promising inhibitory property against activated T cells. Therefore, PD-L1-loaded exosomes extracted from OS cells aggravated OS progression by suppressing T cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Lili Xue
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Yanjuan Wu
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
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10
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Rijs Z, Jeremiasse B, Shifai N, Gelderblom H, Sier CFM, Vahrmeijer AL, van Leeuwen FWB, van der Steeg AFW, van de Sande MAJ. Introducing Fluorescence-Guided Surgery for Pediatric Ewing, Osteo-, and Rhabdomyosarcomas: A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101388. [PMID: 34680505 PMCID: PMC8533294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin which represent approximately 13% of all cancers in pediatric patients. The most prevalent pediatric bone sarcomas are osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES). Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequently occurring pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. The median age of OS and ES is approximately 17 years, so this disease is also commonly seen in adults while non-pleiomorphic RMS is rare in the adult population. The mainstay of all treatment regimens is multimodal treatment containing chemotherapy, surgical resection, and sometimes (neo)adjuvant radiotherapy. A clear resection margin improves both local control and overall survival and should be the goal during surgery with a curative intent. Real-time intraoperative fluorescence-guided imaging could facilitate complete resections by visualizing tumor tissue during surgery. This review evaluates whether non-targeted and targeted fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) could be beneficial for pediatric OS, ES, and RMS patients. Necessities for clinical implementation, current literature, and the positive as well as negative aspects of non-targeted FGS using the NIR dye Indocyanine Green (ICG) were evaluated. In addition, we provide an overview of targets that could potentially be used for FGS in OS, ES, and RMS. Then, due to the time- and cost-efficient translational perspective, we elaborate on the use of antibody-based tracers as well as their disadvantages and alternatives. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for the experiments needed before FGS can be implemented for pediatric OS, ES, and RMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeger Rijs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.S.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-641-637-074
| | - Bernadette Jeremiasse
- Department of Surgery, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Naweed Shifai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.S.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.F.M.S.); (A.L.V.)
- Percuros BV, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.F.M.S.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Alida F. W. van der Steeg
- Department of Surgery, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Michiel A. J. van de Sande
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.S.); (M.A.J.v.d.S.)
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11
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Jiang W, Pan S, Chen X, Wang ZW, Zhu X. The role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:116. [PMID: 34496886 PMCID: PMC8424797 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently shown promising antitumor effects in various types of tumors. Among all immune checkpoints, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in the immune evasion of tumor cells, making it a potent target in antitumor immunity. Accordingly, antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed to attack tumor cells; however, resistance to immune therapy remains to be solved. Hence, identification of the underlying modulators of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is of significant importance to understand the mechanisms of antitumor immunotherapy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to regulate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, leading to participation in the immune response and immunotherapy. Therefore, this review focuses on the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We hope this review will stimulate research to supply more precise and effective cancer immune checkpoint therapies for a large number of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Xin Chen
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhi-wei Wang
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
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12
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Fan MK, Qi LL, Zhang Q, Wang L. The Updated Status and Future Direction of Immunotherapy Targeting B7-H1/PD-1 in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:757-764. [PMID: 33536783 PMCID: PMC7850464 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s285560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mortality rate of osteosarcoma (OS) patients has improved, there are still many unsolved problems concerning how to reduce recurrence and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, immune escape plays a more important role in tumor progression and development. Many costimulatory molecules of the B7 family have been reported to be involved in regulating immunological interactions between OS cells and immune cells. Among these molecules, B7-H1 and its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1), have been the focus of the fields of tumor immunology and have been recently applied in clinical trials of therapies for several solid tumors. These therapies, referred to as B7-H1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapies, are designed to block the interaction between the two molecules. Although the mechanism has been reported in some malignancies, the specific impact of B7-H1/PD-1 expression on OS has not been well defined. Here, we review the expression, function, and regulatory mechanism of the B7-H1/PD-1 axis in OS and introduce and compare the advantages and disadvantages of B7-H1/PD-1 immunotherapies in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-ke Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-li Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Chen Y, Zhao B, Wang X. Tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) as a biomarker for prognosis benefits in patients with osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1022. [PMID: 33087099 PMCID: PMC7579940 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children. Poor prognosis has always been a difficult problem for patients with osteosarcoma. Recent studies have shown that tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are associated with the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma patients. The aim of our research was to construct a risk score model based on TIICs to predict the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. METHODS CIBERSORTX algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of 22 TIIC types in osteosarcoma samples. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to investigate the prognostic value of 22 TIIC types. Forward stepwise approach was used to screen a minimal set of immune cell types. Multivariate Cox PHR analysis was performed to construct an immune risk score model. RESULTS Osteosarcoma samples with CIBERSORTX output p value less than 0.05 were selected for research. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that naive B cells (p = 0.047) and Monocytes (p = 0.03) in osteosarcoma are associated with poor prognosis. An immune risk score model was constructed base on eight immune cell types, and the ROC curve showed that the immune risk score model is reliable in predicting the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma (AUC = 0.724). Besides, a nomogram model base on eight immune cell types was constructed to predict the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS TIICs are closely related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma. The immune risk score model based on TIICs is reliable in predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hanchuan, 311200, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hanchuan, 311200, Hubei Province, China.
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14
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Chao X, Liu L, Sun P, Yang X, Li M, Luo R, Huang Y, He J, Yun J. Immune parameters associated with survival in metaplastic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:92. [PMID: 32811533 PMCID: PMC7437173 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare histological type of breast cancer, which commonly shows resistance to standard therapies and is associated with poor prognosis. The immune microenvironment in MBC and its significance has not been well established due to its low incurrence rate and complex components. We aimed to investigate the diversity of immune parameters including subsets of TILs and PDL1/PD1 expression in MBC, as well as its correlation with prognosis. Methods A total of 60 patients diagnosed with MBC from January 2006 to December 2017 were included in our study. The percentage (%) and quantification (per mm2) of TILs and presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE). The quantification of CD4+, CD8+ TILs (per mm2), and PD-1/PDL1 expression were evaluated through immunohistochemistry and analyzed in relation to clinicopathological characteristics. A ≥ 1% membranous or cytoplasmatic expression of PD1 and PDL1 was considered a positive expression. Results We found squamous cell carcinoma MBC (33/60, 55%) exhibiting most TILs of all the MBC subtypes (p = 0.043). Thirty-three of 60 (50%) of the patients had coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST), and the average percentage of TILs in MBC components was lower compared with NST components (p < 0.001). Thirty (50%) patients exhibited positive (≥ 1%) PDL1 expression in their tumor cells, while 36 (60%) had positive (≥ 1%) PDL1 expression in their TILs. Twenty-seven (45%) of all the patients had positive (≥ 1%) PD1 expression in their tumor cells and 33 (55%) had PD1-positive (≥ 1%) stromal TILs. More CD8+ TILs were associated with positive PDL1 expression of tumor cells as well as positive PD1 expression in stromal cells. Greater number of stromal TILS (> 300/mm2, 20%), CD4+ TILs (> 250/mm2), and CD8+ TILs (> 70/mm2) in MBC were found associated with longer disease-free survival. Positive expression of PDL1 in tumor cells (≥ 1%) and PD1 in stromal cells (≥ 1%) were also associated with longer survival. Conclusions The immune characteristics differ in various subtypes as well as components of MBC. Immune parameters are key predictive factors of MBC and provide the clinical significance of applying immune checkpoint therapies in patients with MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehua He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Yun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Genomics and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Primary Bone Tumors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040968. [PMID: 32295254 PMCID: PMC7227002 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma are rare diseases but the most common primary tumors of bone. The genes directly involved in the sarcomagenesis, tumor progression and treatment responsiveness are not completely defined for these tumors, and the powerful discovery of genetic analysis is highly warranted in the view of improving the therapy and cure of patients. The review summarizes recent advances concerning the molecular and genetic background of these three neoplasms and, of their most common variants, highlights the putative therapeutic targets and the clinical trials that are presently active, and notes the fundamental issues that remain unanswered. In the era of personalized medicine, the rarity of sarcomas may not be the major obstacle, provided that each patient is studied extensively according to a road map that combines emerging genomic and functional approaches toward the selection of novel therapeutic strategies.
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