Sarcoid Infiltration of the Skull with Epidural Extension: Case Report and Literature Review

Extensive bony sarcoidosis of the head and neck region: a rare presentation

We present a rare case of sarcoidosis with extensive bony destruction of the maxillofacial and skull base bones. A 65-year-old woman was referred with an asymptomatic, non-healing dental socket. Examination revealed an oroantral fistula that was biopsied and repaired under general anaesthesia. Investigations included plain and cross-sectional imaging. Serological tests, in particular ACE, were normal. Histology showed benign florid granulomatous inflammation. At 6 months, the patient remained asymptomatic. She was re-referred 3 years later with further bony destruction of her maxilla and mandible. Repeat imaging showed intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and skull base involvement. Repeat biopsy confirmed granulomatous inflammation. Given the pulmonary, histological and radiological findings, a sarcoidosis diagnosis was made. Following multidisciplinary team meetings, the patient was treated with methotrexate and arrangements made for close monitoring. This case highlights the need for a consensus in identifying, treating and developing a follow-up protocol in such patients.