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Qi H, Zhao Z, Gao X, Wang C, Zhang Z, Su D, Zu F, Xue R, Hou Z, Chen W, Zhang D. Normal spinopelvic parameters and correlation analysis in 217 asymptomatic children. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:2569-2576. [PMID: 38764090 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding spinal sagittal balance is crucial for assessing and treating spinal deformities in pediatric populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present observational study is to examine the parameters of sagittal alignment of the regional spine and spinopelvic region in asymptomatic pediatric populations and the characteristics of these parameters with age and sex. METHODS We enrolled 217 participants, consisting of 112 males (51.6%) and 105 females (48.4%), aged between 4 and 15 years, with an average age of 12.19 years. Pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, T1 slope, C7 slope, cervical sagittal vertical axis, and C2-7 Cobb angle were measured. Three spine surgeons conducted radiographic measurements utilizing the PACS software. The measurement reliability was assessed through ICCs. RESULTS Our results show significant age-related changes in pelvic tilt and cervical sagittal vertical axis, with notable gender differences in pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis. Girls have larger PT, boys have larger cSVA. PI, PT, and cSVA also differ among different age groups. Correlation analysis shows that a series of relationships that align with adult population patterns between pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis. CONCLUSION Significant variations in PT and cSVA across diverse age cohorts highlights notable disparities in the distribution of PT and cSVA values within the pediatric population. Gender-based differences in PT, LL, and TK and correlation in spinopelvic parameter could enhances our understanding of compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - ZengHui Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - XianDa Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Zuzhuo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Feiyu Zu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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Passias PG, Williamson TK, Kummer NA, Pellisé F, Lafage V, Lafage R, Serra-Burriel M, Smith JS, Line B, Vira S, Gum JL, Haddad S, Sánchez Pérez-Grueso FJ, Schoenfeld AJ, Daniels AH, Chou D, Klineberg EO, Gupta MC, Kebaish KM, Kelly MP, Hart RA, Burton DC, Kleinstück F, Obeid I, Shaffrey CI, Alanay A, Ames CP, Schwab FJ, Hostin RA, Bess S. Cost Benefit of Implementation of Risk Stratification Models for Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. Global Spine J 2023:21925682231212966. [PMID: 38081300 DOI: 10.1177/21925682231212966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE Assess the extent to which defined risk factors of adverse events are drivers of cost-utility in spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. METHODS ASD patients with 2-year (2Y) data were included. Tertiles were used to define high degrees of frailty, sagittal deformity, blood loss, and surgical time. Cost was calculated using the Pearl Diver registry and cost-utility at 2Y was compared between cohorts based on the number of risk factors present. Statistically significant differences in cost-utility by number of baseline risk factors were determined using ANOVA, followed by a generalized linear model, adjusting for clinical site and surgeon, to assess the effects of increasing risk score on overall cost-utility. RESULTS By 2 years, 31% experienced a major complication and 23% underwent reoperation. Patients with ≤2 risk factors had significantly less major complications. Patients with 2 risk factors improved the most from baseline to 2Y in ODI. Average cost increased by $8234 per risk factor (R2 = .981). Cost-per-QALY at 2Y increased by $122,650 per risk factor (R2 = .794). Adjusted generalized linear model demonstrated a significant trend between increasing risk score and increasing cost-utility (r2 = .408, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The number of defined patient-specific and surgical risk factors, especially those with greater than two, were associated with increased index surgical costs and diminished cost-utility. Efforts to optimize patient physiology and minimize surgical risk would likely reduce healthcare expenditures and improve the overall cost-utility profile for ASD interventions.Level of evidence: III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Passias
- Departments of Orthopedic and Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York Spine Institute, NY, NY, USA
| | - Tyler K Williamson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kummer
- Departments of Orthopedic and Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York Spine Institute, NY, NY, USA
| | - Ferran Pellisé
- Spine Surgery Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginie Lafage
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renaud Lafage
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Serra-Burriel
- Center for Research in Health and Economics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin S Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Breton Line
- Denver International Spine Center, Presbyterian St. Luke's/Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Shaleen Vira
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Sleiman Haddad
- Spine Surgery Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrew J Schoenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan H Daniels
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dean Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric O Klineberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Munish C Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Khaled M Kebaish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael P Kelly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Hart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas C Burton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Frank Kleinstück
- Spine Center Division, Department of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim Obeid
- Spine Surgery Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- Spine Division, Departments of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmet Alanay
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christopher P Ames
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frank J Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Hostin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor Scoliosis Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shay Bess
- Denver International Spine Center, Presbyterian St. Luke's/Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, CO, USA
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Passias PG, Krol O, Williamson TK, Lafage V, Lafage R, Smith JS, Line B, Vira S, Lipa S, Daniels A, Diebo B, Schoenfeld A, Gum J, Kebaish K, Park P, Mundis G, Hostin R, Gupta MC, Eastlack R, Anand N, Ames C, Hart R, Burton D, Schwab FJ, Shaffrey C, Klineberg E, Bess S. The Benefit of Addressing Malalignment in Revision Surgery for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Following ASD Surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:1581-1587. [PMID: 36083599 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE Understand the benefit of addressing malalignment in revision surgery for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA PJK is a common cause of revision surgery for adult spinal deformity patients. During a revision, surgeons may elect to perform a proximal extension of the fusion, or also correct the source of the lumbopelvic mismatch. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recurrent PJK following revision surgery was the primary outcome. Revision surgical strategy was the primary predictor (proximal extension of fusion alone compared with combined sagittal correction and proximal extension). Multivariable logistic regression determined rates of recurrent PJK between the two surgical groups with lumbopelvic surgical correction assessed through improving ideal alignment in one or more alignment criteria [Global Alignment and Proportionality (GAP), Roussouly-type, and Sagittal Age-Adjusted Score (SAAS)]. RESULTS A total of 151 patients underwent revision surgery for PJK. PJK occurred at a rate of 43.0%, and PJF at 12.6%. Patients proportioned in GAP postrevision had lower rates of recurrent PJK [23% vs. 42%; odds ratio (OR): 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1-0.8, P =0.024]. Following adjusted analysis, patients who were ideally aligned in one of three criteria (Matching in SAAS and/or Roussouly matched and/or achieved GAP proportionality) had lower rates of recurrent PJK (36% vs. 53%; OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9, P =0.035) and recurrent PJF (OR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.02-0.7, P =0.015). Patients ideally aligned in two of three criteria avoid any development of PJF (0% vs. 16%, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Following revision surgery for PJK, patients with persistent poor sagittal alignment showed increased rates of recurrent PJK compared with patients who had abnormal lumbopelvic alignment corrected during the revision. These findings suggest addressing the root cause of surgical failure in addition to proximal extension of the fusion may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Passias
- Department of Orthopedic and Neurologic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York Spine Institute, New York, NY
| | - Oscar Krol
- Department of Orthopedic and Neurologic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York Spine Institute, New York, NY
| | - Tyler K Williamson
- Department of Orthopedic and Neurologic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York Spine Institute, New York, NY
| | - Virginie Lafage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill, Northwell Health, New York, NY
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Renaud Lafage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill, Northwell Health, New York, NY
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Justin S Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Breton Line
- Department of Spine Surgery, Denver International Spine Clinic, Presbyterian St. Luke's/Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, CO
| | - Shaleen Vira
- Department of Orthopaedic and Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shaina Lipa
- Department of Orthopedic and Neurologic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York Spine Institute, New York, NY
| | - Alan Daniels
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Bassel Diebo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Schoenfeld
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Center for Surgery and Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Gum
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Khaled Kebaish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul Park
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gregory Mundis
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA
| | - Richard Hostin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southwest Scoliosis Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Munish C Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert Eastlack
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Neel Anand
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Health Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher Ames
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robert Hart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Douglas Burton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Frank J Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill, Northwell Health, New York, NY
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | | | - Eric Klineberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Shay Bess
- Department of Spine Surgery, Denver International Spine Clinic, Presbyterian St. Luke's/Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, CO
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Bowden D, Michielli A, Merrill M, Will S. Systematic review and meta-analysis for the impact of rod materials and sizes in the surgical treatment of adult spine deformity. Spine Deform 2022; 10:1265-1278. [PMID: 35904725 PMCID: PMC9579115 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess clinical and safety outcomes associated with different rod materials and diameters in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. METHODS A systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated ASD surgery using pedicle screw fixation systems with rods of different materials and sizes. Postoperative outcomes (i.e., Cobb, sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic tilt angle) and complications (i.e., pseudarthrosis and rod breakage) were assessed. Random effects models (REMs) pooled data for outcomes reported in ≥ 2 studies. RESULTS Among 50 studies evaluating ASD surgery using pedicle screw fixation systems, 17 described rod material/diameter. Postoperative outcomes did not statistically differ between cobalt-chromium (CoCr) vs. titanium (Ti) rods (n = 2 studies; mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] sagittal vertical axis angle: CoCr 37.00° [18.58°-55.42°] and Ti 32.58° [24.62°-40.54°]; mean [95% CI] pelvic tilt angle: CoCr 26.20° [22.87°-29.53°] and Ti 20.15° [18.0°-22.31°]). The pooled proportion (95% CI) of pseudarthrosis was 15% (7-22%) for CoCr and 12% (- 8-32%) for stainless steel (SS) (n = 2 studies each; Chi2 = 0.07, p = 0.79). The pooled proportion (95% CI) of broken rods was 12% (1-22%) for Ti (n = 3 studies) and 10% (2-19) for CoCr (n = 1 study). Among 6.0-6.35 mm rods, the pooled (95% CI) postoperative Cobb angle (n = 2) was 12.01° (9.75°-14.28°), sagittal vertical axis angle (n = 4) was 35.32° (30.02°-40.62°), and pelvic tilt angle was 21.11° (18.35°-23.86°). CONCLUSIONS For ASD patients undergoing posterior fixation and fusion, there are no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes or complications among rods of varying materials and diameters. Benchmark postsurgical outcomes and complication rates by rod material and diameter are provided. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Bowden
- DePuy Synthes Spine, Johnson and Johnson Medical Devices, 325 Paramount Drive, Raynham, MA, 02767, USA.
| | - Annalisa Michielli
- DePuy Synthes Spine, Johnson and Johnson Medical Devices, 325 Paramount Drive, Raynham, MA, 02767, USA
| | - Michelle Merrill
- DePuy Synthes Spine, Johnson and Johnson Medical Devices, 325 Paramount Drive, Raynham, MA, 02767, USA
| | - Steven Will
- DePuy Synthes Spine, Johnson and Johnson Medical Devices, 325 Paramount Drive, Raynham, MA, 02767, USA
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Borgeaud T, Le Huec JC, Faundez A. Pelvic and spinal postural changes between standing-sitting positions following lumbosacral fusion: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2022; 46:1839-1846. [PMID: 35266032 PMCID: PMC9349097 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prospective pre-operative and post-operative comparative analysis of radiographic spino-pelvic parameters between sitting versus standing positions of patients with LS fusion, to detect adaptation mechanisms around fused spinal segments. Methods Sixteen patients aged 53.9 ± 15.9 who underwent LS fusion between L3 and S1 were extracted from the database of an ongoing prospective study. Different spino-pelvic parameters were evaluated on full spine X-rays, standing, then sitting straight. Parameters were compared pre-operative versus post-operative, and on standing versus sitting X-rays. Results Preliminary results revealed a significantly greater pre-operative pelvic tilt (PT) in sitting than standing posture, (p = 0.020) but not in post-operative (p = 0.087). After surgery, PT was lower in sitting compared to pre-operative (p = 0.034) but not in standing (p = 0.245). L4–S1 lordosis was lower in sitting than standing in pre-operative (p = 0.014) and post-operative (p = 0.021). Surgery decreased segmental lordosis above the fusion (PSL, proximal sagittal lordosis) in sitting (p = 0.039) but not in standing (p = 0.193). No significant differences in thoracic kyphosis (TK) were observed. Fusions down to L5 versus S1 showed no significant differences for PT and PSL, neither in sitting versus standing, nor pre-operative versus post-operative. Conclusion Before fusion, compared to standing, PT increases in sitting straight posture (pelvic retroversion), and the lumbar spine adapts by decreasing its lordosis, mainly at L4–S1. After fusion, the segments adjacent to the instrumented section, adapt in flexion at lumbosacral and thoracolumbar junctions, i.e. just below and above (PSL). This might have mechanical implications for the occurrence of adjacent segment disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Borgeaud
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Le Huec
- Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord, Centre Vertebra, 15 rue Boucher, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio Faundez
- Hôpital de La Tour, Av. J.-D.-Maillard 3, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland. .,Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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