Application of Computed Tomography Imaging in Diagnosis of Endocrine Nerve of Gastric Cancer and Nursing Intervention Effect

Emerging theranostics to combat cancer: a perspective on metal-based nanomaterials

OBJECTIVE

Theranostics, encompassing diagnostics and therapeutics, has emerged as a critical component of cancer treatment. Metal-based theranostics is one such next-generation nanotechnology-based drug delivery system with a myriad of benefits in pre-clinical and clinical medication for the deadly diseases like cancer, where early detection can actually be life-saving.

SIGNIFICANCE

Metal theranostics have shown promising outcomes in terms of anticancer medication monitoring, targeted drug delivery, and simultaneous detection and treatment of early-stage cancer.

METHODS

For collection of literature data, different search engines including Google scholar, SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect have been employed. With key words like, cancer, theranostics, metal nanoparticles relevant and appropriate data have been generated.

RESULTS

Noninvasive administration of the active drug is made possible by theranostics nanoparticulate systems' ability to aggregate at the tumor site and offer morphological and biochemical characteristics of the tumor site. The recent advancement of metal-based theranostics including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocomposites, etc. has been explored at length in this article.

CONCLUSION

The review highlights emerging applications in terms of molecular imaging, targeted therapy and different diagnostic approaches of metal theranostics. Possible challenges faced by nanotheranostics in terms of clinical immersion and toxicological aspects which need to be addressed at depth are also discussed at the end.

A quantitative model based on gross tumor volume of gastric adenocarcinoma corresponding to N-stage measured at multidetector computed tomography for preoperative determination of resectability: A case control study

Purpose

To develop and validate a quantitative model based on gross tumor volume (GTV) of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) corresponding to N-stage measured at multidetector computed tomography (CT) for preoperative determination of resectability

Materials and methods

493 consecutive patients with confirmed GA undergoing contrast-enhanced CT two weeks before treatments were randomly enrolled into the training cohort (TC, n = 271), internal validation cohort (IVC, n = 107) and external validation cohort (EVC, n = 115). GTV was measured on CT by multiplying sums of all tumor areas by section thickness. In TC, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to select factors associated with resectability. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was to determine if N-stage based GTV could identify resectability. In IVC and EVC, unweighted Cohen’s Kappa tests were to evaluate performances of the ROC models.

Results

According to univariate analysis, age, cT stage, cN stage and GTV were related to resectability in TC (all P-values < 0.05), and multivariate analysis suggested that cN stage and GTV were independent risk factors with odds ratios of 1.594 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.105–2.301) and 1.055 (95%CI: 1.035–1.076), respectively. ROC analysis in TC revealed the cutoffs of 21.81, 21.70 and 36.93 cm³ to differentiate between resectable and unresectable cancers in stages cN_0-3, cN₂ and cN₃ with areas under the curves of more than 0.8, respectively, which was validated in IVC and EVC with average Cohen k-values of more than 0.72.

Conclusions

GTV and cN stage can be independent risk factors of unresectable GA, and N-stage based GTV can help determine resectability.