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Hussein NA, Ebied SA, Belal AAM, Ahmad MA, Weheida ESA. Expression profiling of circulating lncRNA GIAT4RA, lncRNA AATBC, lncRNA Sirt1-AS, and SMARCB1 in lung cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1175. [PMID: 39313797 PMCID: PMC11421180 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of biological processes such as transcription interference and activation, chromatin remodeling, and mRNA translation. Uncontrolled gene expression could result from various epigenetic modifiers, like lncRNAs. So, this study aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of lncRNA GIAT4RA, lncRNA AATBC, lncRNA Sirt1-AS, and SMARCB1 in lung cancer. The current study included lung cancer patients (n = 50), patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (n = 30), and healthy volunteers (n = 20). The expression of blood genes and the concentration of serum neuron-specific enolase were determined by real-time PCR and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic and Kaplan-Meier analyses assess the sensitivity of genes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, respectively. LncRNA GIAT4RA and lncRNA AATBC were upregulated, while lncRNA Sirt1-AS was significantly downregulated in all patients compared to the control group. SMARCB1 expression was significantly downregulated in chronic inflammatory patients, while in those with lung cancer, it showed an insignificant difference. The expression of lncRNA GIAT4RA and lncRNA AATBC was significantly related to the stage of lung cancer. The survival analyses showed that lower lncRNA Sirt1-AS was linked to lung cancer patients' poorer disease-free survival and overall survival. Differences in lncRNA GIAT4RA, lncRNA AATBC, and lncRNA Sirt1-AS expression were detected in all patients. The consequent abnormal expression of lncRNAs could be crucial in lung cancer development. LncRNA GIAT4RA, lncRNA AATBC, and lncRNA Sirt1-AS may be utilized as promising diagnostic biomarkers. LncRNA AATBC, lncRNA Sirt1-AS, and SMARCB1 may be valuable prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Hussein
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Samia A Ebied
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdel Aziz M Belal
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamad A Ahmad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - El Sayed A Weheida
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Xu X, Wu B, Loh KS, Lim WS, Tan CSM, Low TH, Ong YK, Tan JS, Eu DKC. Outcomes of SWI/SNF complex-deficient sinonasal carcinomas in a Southeast Asian cohort. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 38967182 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWI/SNF complex-deficient sinonasal carcinomas are rare, genetically distinct, and aggressive entities. METHODS SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 immunohistochemistry was retrospectively performed on a cohort of undifferentiated, poorly differentiated, and poorly defined sinonasal carcinomas. Survival outcomes were compared between SMARCB1/SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF complex)-deficient and -retained groups. RESULTS Eight SWI/SNF complex-deficient (six SMARCB1-deficient, two SMARCA4-deficient) cases were identified among 47 patients over 12 years. Triple-modality treatment was more frequently utilized in SWI/SNF complex-deficient carcinomas than in SWI/SNF complex-retained carcinomas (71.4% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.001). After a median follow-up of 21.3 (IQR 9.9-56.0) months, SWI/SNF complex-deficient sinonasal carcinomas showed comparable recurrence rates (57.1% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.839), time-to-recurrence (7.3 [IQR 6.6-8.3] vs. 9.1 [IQR 3.9-17.4] months, p = 0.531), and overall survival (17.7 [IQR 11.8-67.0] vs. 21.6 [IQR 8.9-56.0] months, p = 0.835) compared to SWI/SNF complex-retained sinonasal carcinomas. CONCLUSION Triple-modality treatment may improve survival in SWI/SNF complex-deficient sinonasal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinni Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingcheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwok Seng Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Sian Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Si Min Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terese Huiying Low
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeng Swan Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donovan Kum Chuen Eu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Kang HG, Koh J, Kim TM, Han DH, Won TB, Kim DW, Kim DY, Keam B. Molecular and Treatment Characteristics of SMARCB1 or SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor: Retrospective Case Series. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:967-971. [PMID: 38351682 PMCID: PMC11261200 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SMARCB1 or SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma or thoracic undifferentiated tumor has aggressive nature with a poor prognosis. Patients with this disease were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry or next-generation sequencing. Those who were able to receive a surgery tended to be cured, while the others treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitor were often insensitive to these therapies. However, one having CD274 (PD-L1) amplification showed the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor and a good prognosis. We believed that this report could provide promising information for determining the optimal treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Gyu Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bin Won
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang L, Gao AX, He YL, Xu MJ, Lu HJ. Immunotherapy in SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: Two case reports. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7911-7919. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i32.7911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMARCB1/INI-1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma (SDSC) is a rare subset of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma with a poor prognosis. Here, we present two case reports of SDSC patients. We also review the literature on this tumor. This is the first published report of SDSC treatment with immunotherapy.
CASE SUMMARY Here we present two patient cases of SDSC in which initial consultation and diagnosis were complicated but SDSC was ultimately diagnosed. One patient received a traditional treatment of surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, while the other patient received additional immunotherapy; the prognoses of these two patients differed. We review previous diagnostic literature reports and SDSC treatments and provide a unique perspective on this rare type of tumor.
CONCLUSION SDSC is a rare, diagnostically challenging carcinoma with a consistently poor prognosis, early distant metastases, and frequent recurrence. Timely diagnosis and intervention are critical for treatment, for which the standard of care is surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, though immunotherapy may be an effective new treatment for SDSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ai-Xin Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Lu He
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Jin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Jun Lu
- Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
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Laforga JB, Abdullah B. Diagnostic algorithm for challenging blue cell sinonasal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154683. [PMID: 37478521 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The newly emerging sinonasal carcinomas have demonstrated diverse morphologies and specific molecular rearrangements along with deviant clinical behavior from conventional counterparts. We aim to propose a diagnostic algorithm that is based on molecular findings of each sinonasal cancer and is considering the new entities has been called upon. Such a diagnostic algorithm should help diagnostic pathologists establish a diagnosis of a challenging sinonasal blue cell carcinomas and researchers performing retrospective analysis of archival cases. Along with consulting our archival cases, literature mining was conducted to retrieve the immunohistochemical and molecular findings regarding the newly emerging entities. Our proposed algorithm distinguishes poorly differentiated (non) keratinizing SNSCC, from anaplastic myoepithelial carcinoma, NUT midline carcinoma, SMARCB1/SMARCA4-deficient teratocarcinosarcoma, SMARCB1/SMARCA4-deficient carcinosarcoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma and other adenocarcinomas. By incorporating morphologic features, immunohistochemical markers, and molecular investigations, the algorithm enhances the accuracy of diagnosis, particularly in cases where comprehensive molecular testing is not readily available. This algorithm serves as a valuable resource for pathologists, facilitating the proper diagnosis of sinonasal malignancies and guiding appropriate patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Laforga
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Dénia, Alicante, Spain.
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Chen J, Wang J. STK11 loss and SMARCB1 deficiency mutation in a dedifferentiated lung cancer patient present response to neo-adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab and platinum doublet: A case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1088534. [PMID: 36776287 PMCID: PMC9911826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1088534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers harboring serine threonine kinase (STK11) alteration or SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily B, member 1 (SMARCB1) mutation are conventionally considered as treatment-refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy, respectively. However in the present report, we demonstrated a case of dedifferentiated non-small cell lung cancer, characterized by STK11 loss (due to promoter loss) mutation co-mutated with SMARCB1 deficiency mutation, has achieved significantly partial response to neo-adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab and platinum doublet regimen. Our case highlighted that either STK11 loss, or SMARCB1 deficiency mutation, might not be used to select patients for PD-(L)1 blockade therapy or chemotherapy, respectively. SKT11 loss accompanied with SMARCB1 deficiency mutation may benefit from immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.
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Vuong HG, Le T, Le TT, Le HT, El-Rassi ET, McKinney KA, Dunn IF. Clinicopathological features and prognostic outcomes of molecularly defined entities in the new edition of the WHO classification of sinonasal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1117865. [PMID: 36937407 PMCID: PMC10014713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated the clinicopathological features and prognoses of the new molecularly defined entities in latest edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of sinonasal carcinoma (SNC). Methods Integrated data were combined into an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. Results We included 61 studies with 278 SNCs including 25 IDH2-mutant, 41 NUT carcinoma, 187 SWI/SNF loss, and 25 triple negative SNCs (without IDH2 mutation, NUTM1 rearrangement, and SWI/SNF inactivation) for analyses. Compared to other molecular groups, NUT carcinoma was associated with a younger age at presentation and an inferior disease-specific survival. Among SNCs with SWI/SNF inactivation, SMARCB1-deficient tumors presented later in life and were associated with a higher rate of radiotherapy administration. SMARCA4-deficiency was mostly found in teratocarcinosarcoma while SMARCB1-deficient tumors were associated with undifferentiated carcinoma and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion Our study facilitates our current understanding of this developing molecular-defined spectrum of tumors and their prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thoa Le
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang T.B. Le
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Trong Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Edward T. El-Rassi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kibwei A. McKinney
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Ian F. Dunn,
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SMARCB1 (INI-1)-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Treatment Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133285. [PMID: 35805058 PMCID: PMC9265388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy; since its discovery and description in 2014, less than 200 cases have been identified. It is almost impossible to perform randomized-controlled trials on novel therapy to improve treatment outcomes in view of its rarity. We performed a systematic review of all the published case reports/series and included our patients for survival analysis. (2) Methods: In this systematic review, we searched from PubMed-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for individual patient data to identify and retrieve all reported SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma. Clarification on treatment details and the most updated survival outcomes from all authors of the published case reports/series were attempted. Survival analysis for overall survival (OS) and identification of OS prognostic factors were performed. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022306671). (3) Results: A total of 67 publications were identified from the systematic review and literature search. After excluding other ineligible and duplicated publications, 192 patients reported were considered appropriate for further review. After excluding duplicates and patients with incomplete pretreatment details and survival outcomes, 120 patients were identified to have a complete set of data including baseline demographics, treatment details, and survival outcomes. Together with 8 patients treated in our institution, 128 patients were included into survival analysis. After a median follow up of 17.5 months (range 0.3-149.0), 50 (46.3%) patients died. The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year OS rates were 84.3% (95% CI % 77.6-91.0), 62.9% (95% CI 53.1-72.7), and 51.8% (95% CI 40.8-62.8), respectively, and the median OS was 39.0 months (95% CI 28.5-49.5). Males (p = 0.029) and T4b disease (p = 0.013) were significant OS prognostic factors in univariable analysis, while only T4b disease (p = 0.017) remained significant in multivariable analysis. (4) Conclusions: SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is an extremely aggressive sinonasal malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Early diagnosis and a multimodality treatment strategy are essential for a better treatment and survival outcome.
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