Williams K, Zeoli T, Allen JH, Jo J, Yengo-Kahn AM, Terry DP, Zuckerman SL. Risk of Two Sport-Related Concussions in the Same Year: Is the Second Concussion Worse?
Clin J Sport Med 2024;
34:38-43. [PMID:
37058611 DOI:
10.1097/jsm.0000000000001156]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
1) Evaluate the frequency of same-year, repeat concussions; (2) assess predictors of sustaining a repeat concussion; and (3) compare outcomes of athletes with repeat concussions with athletes with single concussion.
DESIGN
A retrospective, case-control study.
SETTING
Regional sports concussion center.
PATIENTS
Adolescents sustaining a sport-related concussions (SRC) from November 2017 to October 2020.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
Participants were dichotomized into 2 groups: (1) athletes with a single concussion; and (2) athletes with repeat concussions.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Between group and within group analyses were completed to look for differences in demographics, personal and family history, concussion history, and recovery metrics between the 2 groups.
RESULTS
Of 834 athletes with an SRC, 56 (6.7%) sustained a repeat concussion and 778 (93.3%) had a single concussion. Between group: Personal history of migraines (19.6% vs 9.5%, χ 2 = 5.795, P = 0.02), family history of migraines (37.5% vs 24.5%, χ 2 = 4.621, P = 0.03), and family history of psychiatric disorders (25% vs 13.1%, χ 2 = 6.224, P = 0.01) were significant predictors of sustaining a repeat concussion. Within group: Among those with a repeat concussion, initial symptom severity was greater (Z = -2.422; P = 0.02) during the repeat concussion and amnesia was more common (χ 2 = 4.775, P = 0.03) after the initial concussion.
CONCLUSIONS
In a single-center study of 834 athletes, 6.7% suffered a same-year, repeat concussion. Risk factors included personal/family migraine history and family psychiatric history. For athletes with repeat concussions, initial symptom score was higher after the second concussion, yet amnesia was more common after the initial concussion.
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