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Wu L, Li L, Qiao L, Li C, Zhang S, Yin X, Du Z, Sun Y, Qiu J, Chang X, Wang B, Hua Z. Programmable Bacteria with Dynamic Virulence Modulation System for Precision Antitumor Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404069. [PMID: 39058336 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Engineered bacteria-mediated antitumor approaches have been proposed as promising immunotherapies for cancer. However, the off-target bacterial toxicity narrows the therapeutic window. Living microbes will benefit from their controllable immunogenicity within tumors for safer antitumor applications. In this study, a genetically encoded microbial activation strategy is reported that uses tunable and dynamic expression of surface extracellular polysaccharides to improve bacterial biocompatibility while retaining therapeutic efficacy. Based on screening of genes associated with Salmonella survival in macrophages, a novel attenuated Salmonella chassis strain AIS (htrA gene-deficient) highly enriched in tumors after administration and rapidly cleared from normal organs are reported. Subsequently, an engineered bacterial strain, AISI-H, is constructed based on the AIS strain and an optimized quorum-sensing regulatory system. The AISI-H strain can achieve recovery of dynamic tumor-specific bacterial virulence through a novel HTRA-RCSA axis-based and quorum-sensing synthetic gene circuit-mediated increase in extracellular polysaccharide content. These strains act "off" in normal organs to avoid unwanted immune activation and "on" in tumors for precise tumor suppression in mice. The AISI-H strain shows significant tumor inhibition and potent activation of anticancer immunity in a melanoma mouse model. The AISI-H strain exhibits excellent biocompatibility. This bacterial regulation strategy expands the applications of microbe-based antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyang Wu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
- Nanjing Generecom Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories, Inc., Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Qiao
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Xingpeng Yin
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Zengzheng Du
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Qiu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Chang
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Bohao Wang
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Hua
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China
- Nanjing Generecom Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories, Inc., Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, P. R. China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, P. R. China
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Bansal G, Ghanem M, Sears KT, Galen JE, Tennant SM. Genetic engineering of Salmonella spp. for novel vaccine strategies and therapeutics. EcoSal Plus 2024:eesp00042023. [PMID: 39023252 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0004-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a diverse species that infects both humans and animals. S. enterica subspecies enterica consists of more than 1,500 serovars. Unlike typhoidal Salmonella serovars which are human host-restricted, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are associated with foodborne illnesses worldwide and are transmitted via the food chain. Additionally, NTS serovars can cause disease in livestock animals causing significant economic losses. Salmonella is a well-studied model organism that is easy to manipulate and evaluate in animal models of infection. Advances in genetic engineering approaches in recent years have led to the development of Salmonella vaccines for both humans and animals. In this review, we focus on current progress of recombinant live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines, their use as a source of antigens for parenteral vaccines, their use as live-vector vaccines to deliver foreign antigens, and their use as therapeutic cancer vaccines in humans. We also describe development of live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines and live-vector vaccines for use in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bansal
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Khandra T Sears
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James E Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tieu MV, Pham DT, Cho S. Bacteria-based cancer therapy: Looking forward. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189112. [PMID: 38761983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of bacteria-based cancer therapy, which focuses on the key role played by the prevalence of bacteria, specifically in tumors, in controlling potential targets for cancer therapy, has grown enormously over the past few decades. In this review, we discuss, for the first time, the global cancer situation and the timeline for using bacteria in cancer therapy. We also explore how interdisciplinary collaboration has contributed to the evolution of bacteria-based cancer therapies. Additionally, we address the challenges that need to be overcome for bacteria-based cancer therapy to be accepted in clinical trials and the latest advancements in the field. The groundbreaking technologies developed through bacteria-based cancer therapy have opened up new therapeutic strategies for a wide range of therapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Van Tieu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Trung Pham
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Song W, He Y, Feng Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Zhong L, Yan F, Sun L. Image-Guided Photothermal and Immune Therapy of Tumors via Melanin-Producing Genetically Engineered Bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305764. [PMID: 38368252 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a new treatment modality for tumors. However, the efficient delivery of photothermal agents into tumors remains difficult, especially in hypoxic tumor regions. In this study, an approach to deliver melanin, a natural photothermal agent, into tumors using genetically engineered bacteria for image-guided photothermal and immune therapy is developed. An Escherichia coli MG1655 is transformed with a recombinant plasmid harboring a tyrosinase gene to produce melanin nanoparticles. Melanin-producing genetically engineered bacteria (MG1655-M) are systemically administered to 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor-targeting properties of MG1655-M in the hypoxic environment integrate the properties of hypoxia targeting, photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal therapeutic agents in an "all-in-one" manner. This eliminates the need for post-modification to achieve image-guided hypoxia-targeted cancer photothermal therapy. Tumor growth is significantly suppressed by irradiating the tumor with an 808 nm laser. Furthermore, strong antitumor immunity is triggered by PTT, thereby producing long-term immune memory effects that effectively inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence. This work proposes a new photothermal and immune therapy guided by an "all-in-one" melanin-producing genetically engineered bacteria, which can offer broad potential applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Song
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Yaling He
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Shanxin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhong
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330019, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, P. R. China
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Zhao Z, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Feng W, Xu L, Nie J, Li H, Liu J, Xiao G, Zhang Y, Li H, Lu M, Mai J, Zhou S, Zhao AZ, Li F. Deprivation of methionine inhibits osteosarcoma growth and metastasis via C1orf112-mediated regulation of mitochondrial functions. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:349. [PMID: 38769167 PMCID: PMC11106329 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that primarily inflicts the youth. It often metastasizes to the lungs after chemotherapy failure, which eventually shortens patients' lives. Thus, there is a dire clinical need to develop a novel therapy to tackle osteosarcoma metastasis. Methionine dependence is a special metabolic characteristic of most malignant tumor cells that may offer a target pathway for such therapy. Herein, we demonstrated that methionine deficiency restricted the growth and metastasis of cultured human osteosarcoma cells. A genetically engineered Salmonella, SGN1, capable of overexpressing an L-methioninase and hydrolyzing methionine led to significant reduction of methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) specifically in tumor tissues, drastically restricted the growth and metastasis in subcutaneous xenograft, orthotopic, and tail vein-injected metastatic models, and prolonged the survival of the model animals. SGN1 also sharply suppressed the growth of patient-derived organoid and xenograft. Methionine restriction in the osteosarcoma cells initiated severe mitochondrial dysfunction, as evident in the dysregulated gene expression of respiratory chains, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, reduced ATP production, decreased basal and maximum respiration, and damaged mitochondrial membrane potential. Transcriptomic and molecular analysis revealed the reduction of C1orf112 expression as a primary mechanism underlies methionine deprivation-initiated suppression on the growth and metastasis as well as mitochondrial functions. Collectively, our findings unraveled a molecular linkage between methionine restriction, mitochondrial function, and osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. A pharmacological agent, such as SGN1, that can achieve tumor specific deprivation of methionine may represent a promising modality against the metastasis of osteosarcoma and potentially other types of sarcomas as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Zhang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Feng
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Nie
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Biomedical Laboratory, Guangzhou Jingke Life Science Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengmiao Xiao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomiao Li
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- Guangzhou Sinogen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sujin Zhou
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Mantooth SM, Abdou Y, Saez-Ibañez AR, Upadhaya S, Zaharoff DA. Intratumoral delivery of immunotherapy to treat breast cancer: current development in clinical and preclinical studies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385484. [PMID: 38803496 PMCID: PMC11128577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer poses one of the largest threats to women's health. Treatment continues to improve for all the subtypes of breast cancer, but some subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancer, still present a significant treatment challenge. Additionally, metastasis and local recurrence are two prevalent problems in breast cancer treatment. A newer type of therapy, immunotherapy, may offer alternatives to traditional treatments for difficult-to-treat subtypes. Immunotherapy engages the host's immune system to eradicate disease, with the potential to induce long-lasting, durable responses. However, systemic immunotherapy is only approved in a limited number of indications, and it benefits only a minority of patients. Furthermore, immune related toxicities following systemic administration of potent immunomodulators limit dosing and, consequently, efficacy. To address these safety considerations and improve treatment efficacy, interest in local delivery at the site of the tumor has increased. Numerous intratumorally delivered immunotherapeutics have been and are being explored clinically and preclinically, including monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapies, viruses, nucleic acids, cytokines, innate immune agonists, and bacteria. This review summarizes the current and past intratumoral immunotherapy clinical landscape in breast cancer as well as current progress that has been made in preclinical studies, with a focus on delivery parameters and considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siena M. Mantooth
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yara Abdou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - David A. Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Zhou S, Zhang S, Zheng K, Li Z, Hu E, Mu Y, Mai J, Zhao A, Zhao Z, Li F. Salmonella-mediated methionine deprivation drives immune activation and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008238. [PMID: 38302417 PMCID: PMC10836381 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy is advantageous for patients with advanced melanoma, resistance and relapse are frequent. Thus, it is crucial to identify effective drug combinations and develop new therapies for the treatment of melanoma. SGN1, a genetically modified Salmonella typhimurium species that causes the targeted deprivation of methionine in tumor tissues, is currently under investigation in clinical trials. However, the inhibitory effect of SGN1 on melanoma and the benefits of SGN1 in combination with ICIs remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antitumor potential of SGN1, and its ability to enhance the efficacy of antibody-based programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of murine melanoma. METHODS The antitumor activity of SGN1 and the effect of SGN1 on the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors was studied through murine melanoma models. Further, The Cancer Genome Atlas-melanoma cohort was clustered using ConsensusClusterPlus based on the methionine deprivation-related genes, and immune characterization was performed using xCell, Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter, Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data, and immunophenoscore (IPS) analyses. The messenger RNA data on programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy response were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of methionine deprivation-up gene set was performed to determine the differences between pretreatment responders and non-responders. RESULTS This study showed that both, the intratumoral and the intravenous administration of SGN1 in subcutaneous B16-F10 melanomas, suppress tumor growth, which was associated with an activated CD8+T-cell response in the tumor microenvironment. Combination therapy of SGN1 with systemic anti-PD-L1 therapy resulted in better antitumor activity than the individual monotherapies, respectively, and the high therapeutic efficacy of the combination was associated with an increase in the systemic level of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Two clusters consisting of methionine deprivation-related genes were identified. Patients in cluster 2 had higher expression of methionine_deprivation_up genes, better clinical outcomes, and higher immune infiltration levels compared with patients in cluster 1. Western blot, IPS analysis, and immunotherapy cohort study revealed that methionine deficiency may show a better response to ICI therapy CONCLUSIONS:: This study reports Salmonella-based SGN1 as a potent anticancer agent against melanoma, and lays the groundwork for the potential synergistic effect of ICIs and SGN1 brought about by improving the immune microenvironment in melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Enyu Hu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunping Mu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- Guangzhou Sinogen Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Allan Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pérez Jorge G, Gontijo MTP, Brocchi M. Salmonella enterica and outer membrane vesicles are current and future options for cancer treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1293351. [PMID: 38116133 PMCID: PMC10728604 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1293351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies have many limitations. In the last decade, it has been suggested that bacteria-mediated immunotherapy may circumvent the restrictions of traditional treatments. For example, Salmonella enterica is the most promising bacteria for treating cancer due to its intrinsic abilities, such as killing tumor cells, targeting, penetrating, and proliferating into the tumor. S. enterica has been genetically modified to ensure safety and increase its intrinsic antitumor efficacy. This bacterium has been used as a vector for delivering anticancer agents and as a combination therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or photothermic. Recent studies have reported the antitumor efficacy of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from S. enterica. OMVs are considered safer than attenuated bacteria and can stimulate the immune system as they comprise most of the immunogens found on the surface of their parent bacteria. Furthermore, OMVs can also be used as nanocarriers for antitumor agents. This review describes the advances in S. enterica as immunotherapy against cancer and the mechanisms by which Salmonella fights cancer. We also highlight the use of OMVs as immunotherapy and nanocarriers of anticancer agents. OMVs derived from S. enterica are innovative and promising strategies requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Pardini Gontijo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, Brazil
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