Evidence of profound ovarian suppression on combined hormonal contraception resulting in dramatically different ovarian reserve testing and oocyte retrieval outcomes: case report and review of the literature

Potential biomarkers to predict return to fertility after discontinuation of female contraceptives-looking to the future

Nowadays there are multiple types of contraceptive methods, from reversible to permanent, for those choosing to delay pregnancy. Misconceptions about contraception and infertility are a key factor for discontinuation or the uptake of family planning methods. Regaining fertility (the ability to conceive) after contraceptive discontinuation is therefore pivotal. Technical studies to date have evaluated return to fertility by assessing pregnancy as an outcome, with variable results, or return to ovulation as a surrogate measure by assessing hormone levels (such as progesterone, LH, FSH) with or without transvaginal ultrasound. In general, relying on time to pregnancy as an indicator of return to fertility following contraceptive method discontinuation can be problematic due to variable factors independent of contraceptive effects on fertility, hormone clearance, and fertility recovery. Since the ability to conceive after contraceptive method discontinuation is a critical factor influencing product uptake, it is important to have robust biomarkers that easily and accurately predict the timing of fertility return following contraception and isolate that recovery from extrinsic and circumstantial factors. The main aim of this review is to summarize the current approaches, existing knowledge, and gaps in methods of evaluating return-to-fertility as well as to provide insights into the potential of new biomarkers to more accurately predict fertility restoration after contraceptive discontinuation. Biomarker candidates proposed in this document include those associated with folliculogenesis, cumulus cell expansion, follicular rupture and ovulation, and endometrial transport and receptivity which have been selected and scored on predefined criteria meant to evaluate their probable viability for advancement. The review also describes limitations, regulatory requirements, and a potential path to clinically testing these selected biomarkers. It is important to understand fertility restoration after contraceptive method discontinuation to provide users and health providers with accurate evidence-based information. Predictive biomarkers, if easy and low-cost, have the potential to enable robust evaluation of RTF, and provide potential users the information they desire when selecting a contraceptive method. This could lead to expanded uptake and continuation of modern contraception and inform the development of new contraceptive methods to widen user's family planning choices.

Utilizing Go-Yoga Smartphone Application to Prevent Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women

After bleeding, hypertension is the second leading cause of maternal death.  Hypertension is caused by a combination of factors, including increased stress and a low level of albumin. All of these changes will cause complications and necessitate long-term medication therapy. As a result, complementary therapies such as family roles and yoga are required. Many people are unfamiliar with yoga movements, so this study provides innovation by incorporating yoga into a smartphone application. The objective of the study is to determine the differences in the implementation of the Go-Yoga smartphone application and the role of the family in pregnant women in the III trimester on blood pressure and albumin levels. This type of research is quasi-experimental involving 60 pregnant women in the third trimester. In Group I, 20 pregnant women practiced yoga with books; in Group II, 20 pregnant women exercised yoga with the Go-Yoga app without their families; and in Group III, 20 pregnant women practiced yoga with their families. The study's results revealed significant blood pressure, with the third group having the highest average (p = 0.000 1). Pregnant women who utilize the Go-Yoga app with their families have lower blood pressure than other groups. Furthermore, pregnant women who employ the Go-Yoga app with their families have higher albumin levels than other groups. Therefore, this study suggests employing the Go-Yoga application with the family prevents hypertension in pregnancy.