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Foffano L, Vida R, Piacentini A, Molteni E, Cucciniello L, Da Ros L, Silvia B, Cereser L, Roncato R, Gerratana L, Puglisi F. Is ctDNA ready to outpace imaging in monitoring early and advanced breast cancer? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38855809 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2362173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and radiological imaging are increasingly recognized as crucial elements in breast cancer management. While radiology remains the cornerstone for screening and monitoring, ctDNA holds distinctive advantages in anticipating diagnosis, recurrence, or progression, providing concurrent biological insights complementary to imaging results. AREAS COVERED This review delves into the current evidence on the synergistic relationship between ctDNA and imaging in breast cancer. It presents data on the clinical validity and utility of ctDNA in both early and advanced settings, providing insights into emerging liquid biopsy techniques like epigenetics and fragmentomics. Simultaneously, it explores the present and future landscape of imaging methodologies, particularly focusing on radiomics. EXPERT OPINION Numerous are the current technical, strategic, and economic challenges preventing the clinical integration of ctDNA analysis in the breast cancer monitoring. Understanding these complexities and devising targeted strategies is pivotal to effectively embedding this methodology into personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Foffano
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vida
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Molteni
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Cucciniello
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucia Da Ros
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Buriolla Silvia
- Department of Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cereser
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Abstract
This review delves into the rapidly evolving landscape of liquid biopsy technologies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA) and their increasingly prominent role in precision medicine. With the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing, the use of cfDNA and cfRNA has revolutionized noninvasive clinical testing. Here, we explore the physical characteristics of cfDNA and cfRNA, present an overview of the essential engineering tools used by the field, and highlight clinical applications, including noninvasive prenatal testing, cancer testing, organ transplantation surveillance, and infectious disease testing. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies and the broadening scope of liquid biopsies to new areas of diagnostic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Loy
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Lauren Ahmann
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
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3
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Marinello A, Tagliamento M, Pagliaro A, Conci N, Cella E, Vasseur D, Remon J, Levy A, Dall'Olio FG, Besse B. Circulating tumor DNA to guide diagnosis and treatment of localized and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102791. [PMID: 38963991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive method for biomarkers detection in body fluids, particularly in blood, which offers an elevated and growing number of clinical applications in oncology. As a result of the improvement in the techniques for DNA analysis, above all next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become the most informing tumor-derived material for most types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although ctDNA concentration is higher in patients with advanced tumors, it can be detected even in patients with early-stage disease. Therefore, numerous clinical applications of ctDNA in the management of early-stage lung cancer are emerging, such as lung cancer screening, the identification of minimal residual disease (MRD), and the prediction of relapse before radiologic progression. Moreover, a high number of clinical trials are ongoing to better define the impact of ctDNA evaluation in this setting. Aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive overview of the most relevant implementations in using ctDNA for the management of early-stage lung cancer, addressing available data, technical aspects, limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Marinello
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; INSERM Unit 1030 - Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Pagliaro
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Nicole Conci
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugenia Cella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Damien Vasseur
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jordi Remon
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Panet F, Papakonstantinou A, Borrell M, Vivancos J, Vivancos A, Oliveira M. Use of ctDNA in early breast cancer: analytical validity and clinical potential. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:50. [PMID: 38898045 PMCID: PMC11187121 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating free tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is gaining popularity in precision oncology, particularly in metastatic breast cancer, as it provides non-invasive, real-time tumor information to complement tissue biopsies, allowing for tailored treatment strategies and improved patient selection in clinical trials. Its use in early breast cancer has been limited so far, due to the relatively low sensitivity of available techniques in a setting characterized by lower levels of ctDNA shedding. However, advances in sequencing and bioinformatics, as well as the use of methylome profiles, have led to an increasing interest in the application of ctDNA analysis in early breast cancer, from screening to curative treatment evaluation and minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. With multiple prospective clinical trials in this setting, ctDNA evaluation may become useful in clinical practice. This article reviews the data regarding the analytical validity of the currently available tests for ctDNA detection and the clinical potential of ctDNA analysis in early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Panet
- Breast Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andri Papakonstantinou
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcomas, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Borrell
- Breast Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Breast Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hou Y, Meng XY, Zhou X. Systematically Evaluating Cell-Free DNA Fragmentation Patterns for Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Cancer Detection via Integrating Multiple Fragmentation Patterns. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308243. [PMID: 38881520 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation patterns have immense potential for early cancer detection. However, the definition of fragmentation varies, ranging from the entire genome to specific genomic regions. These patterns have not been systematically compared, impeding broader research and practical implementation. Here, 1382 plasma cfDNA sequencing samples from 8 cancer types are collected. Considering that cfDNA within open chromatin regions is more susceptible to fragmentation, 10 fragmentation patterns within open chromatin regions as features and employed machine learning techniques to evaluate their performance are examined. All fragmentation patterns demonstrated discernible classification capabilities, with the end motif showing the highest diagnostic value for cross-validation. Combining cross and independent validation results revealed that fragmentation patterns that incorporated both fragment length and coverage information exhibited robust predictive capacities. Despite their diagnostic potential, the predictive power of these fragmentation patterns is unstable. To address this limitation, an ensemble classifier via integrating all fragmentation patterns is developed, which demonstrated notable improvements in cancer detection and tissue-of-origin determination. Further functional bioinformatics investigations on significant feature intervals in the model revealed its impressive ability to identify critical regulatory regions involved in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Nephropathy, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Xionghui Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Phillips D, Noble D. Reply from Daniel Phillips and Denis Noble. J Physiol 2024; 602:2669-2672. [PMID: 38305416 DOI: 10.1113/jp286224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Phillips
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Noble
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Jarmuzek P, Wawrzyniak-Gramacka E, Morawin B, Tylutka A, Zembron-Lacny A. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Circulating DNA Fragments in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4221. [PMID: 38673808 PMCID: PMC11049819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel blood-circulating molecules, as potential biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) diagnosis and monitoring, are attracting particular attention due to limitations of imaging modalities and invasive tissue biopsy procedures. This study aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in relation to inflammatory status in GBM patients and to determine the concentration and average size of DNA fragments typical of tumour-derived DNA fractions. Preoperative plasma samples from 40 patients (GBM 65.0 ± 11.3 years) and 40 healthy controls (HC 70.4 ± 5.4 years) were compared. The cfDNA concentrations and lengths were measured using the electrophoresis platform, and inflammatory indices (NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII) were calculated from complete blood cell analysis. More fragmented cfDNA and 4-fold higher 50-700 bp cfDNA concentrations were detected in GBM patients than in healthy controls. The average cfDNA size in the GBM group was significantly longer (median 336 bp) than in the HC group (median 271 bp). Optimal threshold values were 1265 pg/μL for 50-700 bp cfDNA (AUC = 0.857) and 290 bp for average cfDNA size (AUC = 0.814). A Kaplan-Meier survival curves analysis also demonstrated a higher mortality risk in the GBM group with a cut-off >303 bp cfDNA. This study is the first to have revealed glioblastoma association with high levels of cfDNA > 1000 pg/μL of 50-700 bp in length, which can be aggravated by immunoinflammatory reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Jarmuzek
- Neurosurgery Center University Hospital, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Edyta Wawrzyniak-Gramacka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (E.W.-G.); (B.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (E.W.-G.); (B.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (E.W.-G.); (B.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (E.W.-G.); (B.M.); (A.T.)
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Penny L, Main SC, De Michino SD, Bratman SV. Chromatin- and nucleosome-associated features in liquid biopsy: implications for cancer biomarker discovery. Biochem Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38478957 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2024-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from the bloodstream has been studied for cancer biomarker discovery, and chromatin-derived epigenetic features have come into the spotlight for their potential to expand clinical applications. Methylation, fragmentation, and nucleosome positioning patterns of cfDNA have previously been shown to reveal epigenomic and inferred transcriptomic information. More recently, histone modifications have emerged as a tool to further identify tumor-specific chromatin variants in plasma. A number of sequencing methods have been developed to analyze these epigenetic markers, offering new insights into tumor biology. Features within cfDNA allow for cancer detection, subtype and tissue of origin classification, and inference of gene expression. These methods provide a window into the complexity of cancer and the dynamic nature of its progression. In this review, we highlight the array of epigenetic features in cfDNA that can be extracted from chromatin- and nucleosome-associated organization and outline potential use cases in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Penny
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sasha C Main
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Steven D De Michino
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Cheng JC, Swarup N, Wong DTW, Chia D. A review on the impact of single-stranded library preparation on plasma cell-free diversity for cancer detection. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1332004. [PMID: 38511142 PMCID: PMC10951391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1332004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical oncology, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has shown immense potential in its ability to noninvasively detect cancer at various stages and monitor the progression of therapy. Despite the rapid improvements in cfDNA liquid biopsy approaches, achieving the required sensitivity to detect rare tumor-derived cfDNA still remains a challenge. For next-generation sequencing, the perceived presentation of cfDNA is strongly linked to the extraction and library preparation protocols. Conventional double-stranded DNA library preparation (dsDNA-LP) focuses on assessing ~167bp double-stranded mononucleosomal (mncfDNA) and its other oligonucleosomal cell-free DNA counterparts in plasma. However, dsDNA-LP methods fail to include short, single-stranded, or nicked DNA in the final library preparation, biasing the representation of the actual cfDNA populations in plasma. The emergence of single-stranded library preparation (ssDNA-LP) strategies over the past decade has now allowed these other populations of cfDNA to be studied from plasma. With the use of ssDNA-LP, single-stranded, nicked, and ultrashort cfDNA can be comprehensively assessed for its molecular characteristics and clinical potential. In this review, we overview the current literature on applications of ssDNA-LP on plasma cfDNA from a potential cancer liquid biopsy perspective. To this end, we discuss the molecular principles of single-stranded DNA adapter ligation, how library preparation contributes to the understanding of native cfDNA characteristics, and the potential for ssDNA-LP to improve the sensitivity of circulating tumor DNA detection. Additionally, we review the current literature on the newly reported species of plasma ultrashort single-stranded cell-free DNA plasma, which appear biologically distinct from mncfDNA. We conclude with a discussion of future perspectives of ssDNA-LP for liquid biopsy endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C. Cheng
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Neeti Swarup
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David T. W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Liu D, Yehia L, Dhawan A, Ni Y, Eng C. Cell-free DNA fragmentomics and second malignant neoplasm risk in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101384. [PMID: 38242121 PMCID: PMC10897513 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) harbor pathogenic germline PTEN variants that confer a significantly increased lifetime risk of various organ-specific cancers including second primary malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers that can predict individual-level cancer risk. Despite the highly promising value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker for underlying sporadic cancers, the utility of cfDNA in individuals with known cancer-associated germline variants and subclinical cancers remains poorly understood. We perform ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) of cfDNA from plasma samples from patients with PHTS and cancer as well as those without cancer. Analysis of cfDNA reveals that patients with PHTS and SMNs have distinct cfDNA size distribution, aberrant genome-wide fragmentation, and differential fragment end motif frequencies. Our work provides evidence that cfDNA profiles may be used as a marker for SMN risk in patients with PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Liu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrew Dhawan
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Medical Specialties Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ying Ni
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Medical Specialties Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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11
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Cristol JP, Thierry AR, Bargnoux AS, Morena-Carrere M, Canaud B. What is the role of the neutrophil extracellular traps in the cardiovascular disease burden associated with hemodialysis bioincompatibility? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1268748. [PMID: 38034546 PMCID: PMC10684960 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1268748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in dialysis modalities, intermittent renal replacement therapy remains an "unphysiological" treatment that imperfectly corrects uremic disorders and may lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, neutrophil activation, and oxidative stress due to repetitive blood/membrane interactions contributing to the "remaining uremic syndrome" and cardiovascular disease burden of hemodialysis patients. Understanding dialysis bioincompatibility pathways still remains a clinical and biochemical challenge. Indeed, surrogate biomarkers of inflammation including C-reactive protein could not discriminate between all components involved in these complex pathways. A few examples may serve to illustrate the case. Cytokine release during dialysis sessions may be underestimated due to their removal using high-flux dialysis or hemodiafiltration modalities. Complement activation is recognized as a key event of bioincompatibility. However, it appears as an early and transient event with anaphylatoxin level normalization at the end of the dialysis session. Complement activation is generally assumed to trigger leukocyte stimulation leading to proinflammatory mediators' secretion and oxidative burst. In addition to being part of the innate immune response involved in eliminating physically and enzymatically microbes, the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), known as NETosis, has been recently identified as a major harmful component in a wide range of pathologies associated with inflammatory processes. NETs result from the neutrophil degranulation induced by reactive oxygen species overproduction via NADPH oxidase and consist of modified chromatin decorated with serine proteases, elastase, bactericidal proteins, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) that produces hypochlorite anion. Currently, NETosis remains poorly investigated as a sensitive and integrated marker of bioincompatibility in dialysis. Only scarce data could be found in the literature. Oxidative burst and NADPH oxidase activation are well-known events in the bioincompatibility phenomenon. NET byproducts such as elastase, MPO, and circulating DNA have been reported to be increased in dialysis patients more specifically during dialysis sessions, and were identified as predictors of poor outcomes. As NETs and MPO could be taken up by endothelium, NETs could be considered as a vascular memory of intermittent bioincompatibility phenomenon. In this working hypothesis article, we summarized the puzzle pieces showing the involvement of NET formation during hemodialysis and postulated that NETosis may act as a disease modifier and may contribute to the comorbid burden associated with dialysis bioincompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Cristol
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, University Hospital Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Charles Mion Foundation, AIDER-Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain R. Thierry
- Research Institute of Cancerology of Montpellier, INSERM, IRCM, ICM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bargnoux
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, University Hospital Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Morena-Carrere
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, University Hospital Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Canaud
- School of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- MTX Consulting Int., Montpellier, France
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12
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Kim SY, Jeong S, Lee W, Jeon Y, Kim YJ, Park S, Lee D, Go D, Song SH, Lee S, Woo HG, Yoon JK, Park YS, Kim YT, Lee SH, Kim KH, Lim Y, Kim JS, Kim HP, Bang D, Kim TY. Cancer signature ensemble integrating cfDNA methylation, copy number, and fragmentation facilitates multi-cancer early detection. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2445-2460. [PMID: 37907748 PMCID: PMC10689759 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing has demonstrated great potential for early cancer detection. However, most large-scale studies have focused only on either targeted methylation sites or whole-genome sequencing, limiting comprehensive analysis that integrates both epigenetic and genetic signatures. In this study, we present a platform that enables simultaneous analysis of whole-genome methylation, copy number, and fragmentomic patterns of cfDNA in a single assay. Using a total of 950 plasma (361 healthy and 589 cancer) and 240 tissue samples, we demonstrate that a multifeature cancer signature ensemble (CSE) classifier integrating all features outperforms single-feature classifiers. At 95.2% specificity, the cancer detection sensitivity with methylation, copy number, and fragmentomic models was 77.2%, 61.4%, and 60.5%, respectively, but sensitivity was significantly increased to 88.9% with the CSE classifier (p value < 0.0001). For tissue of origin, the CSE classifier enhanced the accuracy beyond the methylation classifier, from 74.3% to 76.4%. Overall, this work proves the utility of a signature ensemble integrating epigenetic and genetic information for accurate cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yujin Jeon
- IMBdx Inc., Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dongin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Go
- IMBdx Inc., Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- Seoul Clinical Laboratories Healthcare Inc., Yongin-si, Gyenggi-do, 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Young Sik Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Kim
- Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojoo Lim
- IMBdx Inc., Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- IMBdx Inc., Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Duhee Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-You Kim
- IMBdx Inc., Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Thierry AR, Sanchez C, Colinge J, Pisareva E. Circulating DNA reveals a specific and higher fragmentation of the Y chromosome. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1603-1609. [PMID: 37743368 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome stability is a key point in genome evolution, particularly that of the Y chromosome. The Y chromosome loss in blood and tumor cells is well established. Through processes that are common to other chromosomes too, the Y chromosome undergoes degradation and fragmentation in the blood stream before elimination. This process gives rise to circulating DNA (cirDNA) fragments, whose examination may provide potential insight into the role of DNA fragmentation in blood for the Y chromosome elimination. In this study, we employed shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) to comprehensively assess the total cirDNA and the individual chromosome fragment size profiles in the plasma of healthy male individuals. Here, we show that (i) the fragment size profiles of total circulating DNA (cirDNA) and DNA fragments originating from autosomes and the X chromosome in blood plasma are homogeneous, and have a remarkably low variability (mean CV = 7%) among healthy individuals, (ii) the Y chromosome has a distinct fragment size profile with the accumulation of the fragment < 145 bp and depletion of the dinucleosome-associated fragments (290-390 bp), and its fragment fraction in blood decreases with age. These results indicate a higher fragmentation of the Y chromosome compared to other chromosomes and this in turn might be due to its increased susceptibility to degradation. Our findings pave the way for an elucidation of the impact of chromosomal origin on DNA degradation and the Y chromosome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France.
| | - Cynthia Sanchez
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Colinge
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ekaterina Pisareva
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Stephens EKH, Guayco Sigcha J, Lopez-Loo K, Yang IA, Marshall HM, Fong KM. Biomarkers of lung cancer for screening and in never-smokers-a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:2129-2145. [PMID: 38025810 PMCID: PMC10654441 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, partially attributed to late-stage diagnoses. In order to mitigate this, lung cancer screening (LCS) of high-risk patients is performed using low dose computed tomography (CT) scans, however this method is burdened by high false-positive rates and radiation exposure for patients. Further, screening programs focus on individuals with heavy smoking histories, and as such, never-smokers who may otherwise be at risk of lung cancer are often overlooked. To resolve these limitations, biomarkers have been posited as potential supplements or replacements to low-dose CT, and as such, a large body of research in this area has been produced. However, comparatively little information exists on their clinical efficacy and how this compares to current LCS strategies. Methods Here we conduct a search and narrative review of current literature surrounding biomarkers of lung cancer to supplement LCS, and biomarkers of lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS). Key Content and Findings Many potential biomarkers of lung cancer have been identified with varying levels of sensitivity, specificity, clinical efficacy, and supporting evidence. Of the markers identified, multi-target panels of circulating microRNAs, lipids, and metabolites are likely the most clinically efficacious markers to aid current screening programs, as these provide the highest sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer detection. However, circulating lipid and metabolite levels are known to vary in numerous systemic pathologies, highlighting the need for further validation in large cohort randomised studies. Conclusions Lung cancer biomarkers is a fast-expanding area of research and numerous biomarkers with potential clinical applications have been identified. However, in all cases the level of evidence supporting clinical efficacy is not yet at a level at which it can be translated to clinical practice. The priority now should be to validate existing candidate markers in appropriate clinical contexts and work to integrating these into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K. H. Stephens
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jazmin Guayco Sigcha
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lopez-Loo
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian A. Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henry M. Marshall
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kwun M. Fong
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Kim J, Hong SP, Lee S, Lee W, Lee D, Kim R, Park YJ, Moon S, Park K, Cha B, Kim JI. Multidimensional fragmentomic profiling of cell-free DNA released from patient-derived organoids. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:96. [PMID: 37898819 PMCID: PMC10613368 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragmentomics, the investigation of fragmentation patterns of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), has emerged as a promising strategy for the early detection of multiple cancers in the field of liquid biopsy. However, the clinical application of this approach has been hindered by a limited understanding of cfDNA biology. Furthermore, the prevalence of hematopoietic cell-derived cfDNA in plasma complicates the in vivo investigation of tissue-specific cfDNA other than that of hematopoietic origin. While conventional two-dimensional cell lines have contributed to research on cfDNA biology, their limited representation of in vivo tissue contexts underscores the need for more robust models. In this study, we propose three-dimensional organoids as a novel in vitro model for studying cfDNA biology, focusing on multifaceted fragmentomic analyses. RESULTS We established nine patient-derived organoid lines from normal lung airway, normal gastric, and gastric cancer tissues. We then extracted cfDNA from the culture medium of these organoids in both proliferative and apoptotic states. Using whole-genome sequencing data from cfDNA, we analyzed various fragmentomic features, including fragment size, footprints, end motifs, and repeat types at the end. The distribution of cfDNA fragment sizes in organoids, especially in apoptosis samples, was similar to that found in plasma, implying occupancy by mononucleosomes. The footprints determined by sequencing depth exhibited distinct patterns depending on fragment sizes, reflecting occupancy by a variety of DNA-binding proteins. Notably, we discovered that short fragments (< 118 bp) were exclusively enriched in the proliferative state and exhibited distinct fragmentomic profiles, characterized by 3 bp palindromic end motifs and specific repeats. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results highlight the utility of in vitro organoid models as a valuable tool for studying cfDNA biology and its associated fragmentation patterns. This, in turn, will pave the way for further enhancements in noninvasive cancer detection methodologies based on fragmentomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeryuk Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Hong
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoon Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dakyung Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokhyun Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyuk Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bukyoung Cha
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Wullaert L, van Rees JM, Martens JWM, Verheul HMW, Grünhagen DJ, Wilting SM, Verhoef C. Circulating Tumour DNA as Biomarker for Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells 2023; 12:2520. [PMID: 37947598 PMCID: PMC10647834 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is a potential biomarker that could contribute to more judicious patient selection for personalised treatment. This review and meta-analysis gives an overview of the current knowledge in the literature investigating the value of ctDNA in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases for studies published prior to the 26th of May 2023. Studies investigating the association between ctDNA and oncological outcomes in patients undergoing curative-intent local therapy for CRLM were included. Meta-analyses were performed to pool hazard ratios (HR) for the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of eleven studies were included and nine were eligible for meta-analyses. Patients with detectable ctDNA after surgery experienced a significantly higher chance of recurrence (HR 3.12, 95% CI 2.27-4.28, p < 0.000010) and shorter OS (HR 5.04, 95% CI 2.53-10.04, p < 0.00001) compared to patients without detectable ctDNA. A similar association for recurrence was found in patients with detectable ctDNA after the completion of adjuvant therapy (HR 6.39, 95% CI 2.13-19.17, p < 0.0009). The meta-analyses revealed no association between detectable ctDNA before surgery and the RFS and OS. These meta-analyses demonstrate the strong association between detectable ctDNA after treatment and oncological outcomes in CRLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissa Wullaert
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.W.)
| | - Jan M. van Rees
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.W.)
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M. W. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.W.)
| | - Saskia M. Wilting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.W.)
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17
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Xian RR, Ambinder RF. Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA and Epstein-Barr Virus DNA for Early Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Cancers. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4290-4292. [PMID: 37478392 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rena R Xian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard F Ambinder
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
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18
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Brockley LJ, Souza VGP, Forder A, Pewarchuk ME, Erkan M, Telkar N, Benard K, Trejo J, Stewart MD, Stewart GL, Reis PP, Lam WL, Martinez VD. Sequence-Based Platforms for Discovering Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082275. [PMID: 37190212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer detection and monitoring are hampered by a lack of sensitive biomarkers, which results in diagnosis at late stages and difficulty in tracking response to treatment. Recent developments have established liquid biopsies as promising non-invasive methods for detecting biomarkers in lung cancer patients. With concurrent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools, new approaches for biomarker discovery have emerged. In this article, we survey established and emerging biomarker discovery methods using nucleic acid materials derived from bodily fluids in the context of lung cancer. We introduce nucleic acid biomarkers extracted from liquid biopsies and outline biological sources and methods of isolation. We discuss next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms commonly used to identify novel biomarkers and describe how these have been applied to liquid biopsy. We highlight emerging biomarker discovery methods, including applications of long-read sequencing, fragmentomics, whole-genome amplification methods for single-cell analysis, and whole-genome methylation assays. Finally, we discuss advanced bioinformatics tools, describing methods for processing NGS data, as well as recently developed software tailored for liquid biopsy biomarker detection, which holds promise for early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Brockley
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Vanessa G P Souza
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Aisling Forder
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Melis Erkan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nikita Telkar
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Katya Benard
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jessica Trejo
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Matt D Stewart
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Greg L Stewart
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Patricia P Reis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Wan L Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Victor D Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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19
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Brandt A, Thiele B, Schultheiß C, Daetwyler E, Binder M. Circulating Tumor DNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072051. [PMID: 37046721 PMCID: PMC10093741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors shed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the plasma. “Liquid biopsies” are a diagnostic test to analyze cfDNA in order to detect minimal residual cancer, profile the genomic tumor landscape, and monitor cancers non-invasively over time. This technique may be useful in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to genetic tumor heterogeneity and limitations in imaging sensitivity. However, there are technical challenges that need to be overcome for the widespread use of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of these patients. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of HNSCC genetics and the role of cfDNA genomic analyses as an emerging precision diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brandt
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thiele
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eveline Daetwyler
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mascha Binder
- Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-612-655-074; Fax: +41-612-655-316
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