1
|
Baga M, Ivanovski I, Contrò G, Caraffi SG, Spagnoli C, Cesaroni CA, Neri A, Peluso F, Pollazzon M, Garavelli L, Fusco C. Novel Insights from Clinical Practice: Xia-Gibbs Syndrome with Pes Cavus, Conjunctival Melanosis, and Eye Asymmetry due to a de novo AHDC1 Gene Variant - A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature. Mol Syndromol 2024; 15:63-70. [PMID: 38357260 PMCID: PMC10862326 DOI: 10.1159/000530410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Xia-Gibbs syndrome (OMIM 615829) is a rare developmental disorder, caused by heterozygous de novo variants in the AHDC1 gene. Hallmark features include global developmental delay, facial dysmorphisms, and behavioral problems. To date, more than 250 individuals have been diagnosed worldwide. Case Report We report a 13-year-old female who, in association with typical features of Xia-Gibbs syndrome, presented with macrocrania, pes cavus, and conjunctival melanosis. Whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo frameshift variant, which had not been reported in the literature before. Conclusion We summarized the main clinical and phenotypic features of patients described in the literature, and in addition, we discuss another feature found in our patient and observed in other cases described, eye asymmetry, which has never been highlighted, and suggest that it could be part of the typical clinical presentation of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Baga
- Neuropsychiatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ivan Ivanovski
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Contrò
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Neuropsychiatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Neri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Peluso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Neuropsychiatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Shao S, Wang Y, Du Z, Yu H, Li F, Qin Y. Ahdc1 is a potent regulator of obesity and energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E638-E648. [PMID: 37819197 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00048.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
AT-hook DNA-binding motif-containing protein 1 (AHDC1) is a causal gene of intellectual disability/developmental delay in humans. The biological role of AHDC1 is unclear. Recently, some clues from AHDC1 mutation carriers hinted that AHDC1 may participate in body-weight regulation. In this first metabolic phenotype study of Ahdc1 deficiency, we generated a Ahdc1-deficienct mouse line and found that Ahdc1 deficiency in both male and female mice led to adiposity from weaning and obesity characterized by reduced energy expenditure and respiratory quotient, with progressive development of hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance, abnormal glycolipid metabolism, and fatty liver. Our findings show that Ahdc1 is a novel key regulator of obesity and energy metabolism, which provides new insight into the physiological mechanisms of obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this first metabolic phenotype study of Ahdc1 deficiency, we generated a survivable Ahdc1-deficient mouse line. We found that Ahdc1 deficiency in both male and female mice resulted in adiposity from weaning and obesity characterized by reduced energy expenditure and respiratory quotient. Additionally, there was a progressive development of hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance, abnormal glycolipid metabolism, and fatty liver. These findings demonstrate that Ahdc1 is a novel key regulator of obesity and energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Shao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahui Yu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chander V, Mahmoud M, Hu J, Dardas Z, Grochowski CM, Dawood M, Khayat MM, Li H, Li S, Jhangiani S, Korchina V, Shen H, Weissenberger G, Meng Q, Gingras MC, Muzny DM, Doddapaneni H, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Sabo A, Murdock DR, Sedlazeck FJ, Gibbs RA. Long read sequencing and expression studies of AHDC1 deletions in Xia-Gibbs syndrome reveal a novel genetic regulatory mechanism. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2033-2053. [PMID: 36054313 PMCID: PMC10167679 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS; MIM# 615829) is a rare mendelian disorder characterized by Development Delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), and hypotonia. Individuals with XGS typically harbor de novo protein-truncating mutations in the AT-Hook DNA binding motif containing 1 (AHDC1) gene, although some missense mutations can also cause XGS. Large de novo heterozygous deletions that encompass the AHDC1 gene have also been ascribed as diagnostic for the disorder, without substantial evidence to support their pathogenicity. We analyzed 19 individuals with large contiguous deletions involving AHDC1, along with other genes. One individual bore the smallest known contiguous AHDC1 deletion (∼350 Kb), encompassing eight other genes within chr1p36.11 (Feline Gardner-Rasheed, IFI6, FAM76A, STX12, PPP1R8, THEMIS2, RPA2, SMPDL3B) and terminating within the first intron of AHDC1. The breakpoint junctions and phase of the deletion were identified using both short and long read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore). Quantification of RNA expression patterns in whole blood revealed that AHDC1 exhibited a mono-allelic expression pattern with no deficiency in overall AHDC1 expression levels, in contrast to the other deleted genes, which exhibited a 50% reduction in mRNA expression. These results suggest that AHDC1 expression in this individual is compensated by a novel regulatory mechanism and advances understanding of mutational and regulatory mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varuna Chander
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Medhat Mahmoud
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zain Dardas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Moez Dawood
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael M. Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shoudong Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Viktoriya Korchina
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harsha Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David R. Murdock
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fritz J. Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Collier A, Liu A, Torkelson J, Pattison J, Gaddam S, Zhen H, Patel T, McCarthy K, Ghanim H, Oro AE. Gibbin mesodermal regulation patterns epithelial development. Nature 2022; 606:188-196. [PMID: 35585237 PMCID: PMC9202145 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper ectodermal patterning during human development requires previously identified transcription factors such as GATA3 and p63, as well as positional signalling from regional mesoderm1-6. However, the mechanism by which ectoderm and mesoderm factors act to stably pattern gene expression and lineage commitment remains unclear. Here we identify the protein Gibbin, encoded by the Xia-Gibbs AT-hook DNA-binding-motif-containing 1 (AHDC1) disease gene7-9, as a key regulator of early epithelial morphogenesis. We find that enhancer- or promoter-bound Gibbin interacts with dozens of sequence-specific zinc-finger transcription factors and methyl-CpG-binding proteins to regulate the expression of mesoderm genes. The loss of Gibbin causes an increase in DNA methylation at GATA3-dependent mesodermal genes, resulting in a loss of signalling between developing dermal and epidermal cell types. Notably, Gibbin-mutant human embryonic stem-cell-derived skin organoids lack dermal maturation, resulting in p63-expressing basal cells that possess defective keratinocyte stratification. In vivo chimeric CRISPR mouse mutants reveal a spectrum of Gibbin-dependent developmental patterning defects affecting craniofacial structure, abdominal wall closure and epidermal stratification that mirror patient phenotypes. Our results indicate that the patterning phenotypes seen in Xia-Gibbs and related syndromes derive from abnormal mesoderm maturation as a result of gene-specific DNA methylation decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Collier
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Torkelson
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jillian Pattison
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sadhana Gaddam
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hanson Zhen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Patel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly McCarthy
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hana Ghanim
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Danda S, Datar C, Kher A, Deshpande T, Thomas MM, Oommen SP. First reported cases with Xia-Gibbs syndrome from India harboring novel variants in AHDC1. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2501-2504. [PMID: 35596688 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report here two girls from different Indian families identified with novel variants in the AT Hook DNA Binding Motif Containing 1 gene (AHDC1) causing Xia-Gibbs syndrome. The diagnosis was made by clinical exome in both cases. Inconsistent dysmorphic features such as dolichocephaly in the first patient and brachycephaly in the second were observed. Prominent jaw and gelastic seizures were other features of patient 1. Thus, this syndrome, with developmental delay, poor expressive language and overlapping clinical phenotype requires the utility of next generation sequencing for diagnostic confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Danda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Chaitanya Datar
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetics Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Archana Kher
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetics Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Tanmay Deshpande
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetics Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Maya Mary Thomas
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Samuel P Oommen
- Department of Developmental Paediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|