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Xie W, Li W, Wang P, Hao Y, Chen B, Hu L, Wang T, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Jiang G. Unexpected Dioxin Formation During Digestion of Soil with Oxidizing Acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14717-14725. [PMID: 37682840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), are among the most toxic unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants, and their emission is of great concern. Herein, we discovered abundant dioxin formation in soil and various organic carbon-containing matrices after digestion with aqua regia. Σ17PCDD/Fs concentrations were in the range of 66.6-142,834 pg/g dw (5.6-17,021 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g dw) in 19 soil samples after digestion with aqua regia for 6 h. Σ17PCDD/Fs concentration was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon content (R2 = 0.89; p < 0.01). Compared with cellulose and lignin, humic acid served as an important organic matter component that was converted to PCDD/Fs during soil digestion. Strong oxidation and production of reactive chlorine by aqua regia may be the key factors in the formation of PCDD/Fs. The yearly emission of PCDD/Fs due to digestion with strong acids by the inspection and testing industry was estimated to be 83.8 g TEQ in China in 2021 based on the highest level, which was ∼0.9% of the total dioxin inventory in China. Great attention should be paid to unexpected dioxin formation during digestion processes considering the potential risk of release from laboratories and enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Bolei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Thanh Wang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
- Department of Thematic Studies─Environmental Change (TemaM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Kumar A, Thakur AK, Gaurav GK, Klemeš JJ, Sandhwar VK, Pant KK, Kumar R. A critical review on sustainable hazardous waste management strategies: a step towards a circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105030-105055. [PMID: 37725301 PMCID: PMC10579135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, industrialisation and urbanisation have led to the generation of hazardous waste (HW). Sustainable hazardous waste management (HWM) is the need of the hour for a safe, clean, and eco-friendly environment and public health. The prominent waste management strategies should be aligned with circular economic models considering the economy, environment, and efficiency. This review critically discusses HW generation and sustainable management with the strategies of prevention, reduction, recycling, waste-to-energy, advanced treatment technology, and proper disposal. In this regard, the major HW policies, legislations, and international conventions related to HWM are summarised. The global generation and composition of hazardous industrial, household, and e-waste are analysed, along with their environmental and health impacts. The paper critically discusses recently adapted management strategies, waste-to-energy conversion techniques, treatment technologies, and their suitability, advantages, and limitations. A roadmap for future research focused on the components of the circular economy model is proposed, and the waste management challenges are discussed. This review stems to give a holistic and broader picture of global waste generation (from many sources), its effects on public health and the environment, and the need for a sustainable HWM approach towards the circular economy. The in-depth analysis presented in this work will help build cost-effective and eco-sustainable HWM projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Tirmalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401 India
| | - Amit K. Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SPIL, NETME Centre, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SPIL, NETME Centre, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vishal Kumar Sandhwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760 India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand India
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Li C, Li J, Lyu B, Wu Y, Yang L, Zheng M, Min Y, Zhang L, Liu G. Burden and Risk of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Chinese Human Milk and a Global Comparison of Human Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6804-6813. [PMID: 33929821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are carcinogenic contaminants. Residues from historical production and ongoing unintentional releases from industrial thermal sources have led to the ubiquitous presence of PCNs in the environment. Our previous study has revealed that unintentional releases may be the main sources of PCNs in human milk from China. However, an assessment of PCN burden in human milk and exposure differences between historical residues and unintentional release exposure has not been conducted. In this study, we performed the first comparison of human exposure to PCNs and evaluated the differences between the estimated health risks from historical residues and unintentional releases. Three characteristic PCN congener patterns found in Chinese human milk specimens collected from 100 cities/counties can be considered characteristic of PCN exposures in regions with unintentional industrial releases as the main PCN sources. The health risk assessment suggested potential noncarcinogenic health effects in infants aged 0-6 months. The hazard index calculated for infants in Sweden indicates a strong impact of historical residues that nonetheless decreases over time, and a comparison of the hazard indices calculated for China and Ireland suggests that ongoing unintentional formation and release of PCNs from industrial processes should be a matter of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Bing Lyu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yihao Min
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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