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Nieto González N, Rassu G, Cossu M, Catenacci L, Sorrenti ML, Cama ES, Serri C, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. A thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel: An attempt for the nasal delivery of dimethyl fumarate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134908. [PMID: 39181356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a drug that is orally administered for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, DMF causes gastrointestinal side effects and flushing in 43 % of patients, which significantly contributes to treatment discontinuation. To reduce side effects and increase patient compliance, the aim of this study was to develop a thermosensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate hydrogel for the nasal administration of DMF. A binary system of DMF with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was made and included in the hydrogel precursor solution. The precursor solution (drug content, DMF stability, thermogelling properties, viscosity), and the resulting thermosensitive hydrogel (mucoadhesion, in vitro DMF permeation) were characterized. HP-β-CD was able to interact with DMF and improve its water solubility. The leader thermosensitive nasal solution, G1 solution, was loaded with approximately 92 % DMF, which remained stable for 21 days. The G1 solution formed a hydrogel in approximately 2-1 min; it had a pH of 6.8 ± 0.06 and caused no significant change in the osmolality of the simulated nasal medium. The G1 hydrogel showed good mucoadhesive properties and released DMF that permeated in vitro in a controlled manner. As a result, G1 is a potential new approach to exploit the intranasal administration of DMF for treating multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Nieto González
- PhD Program in Chemical Science and Technology, Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Cossu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena L Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sofia Cama
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Serri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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2
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Babu SR, Shekara HH, Sahoo AK, Harsha Vardhan PV, Thiruppathi N, Venkatesh MP. Intranasal nanoparticulate delivery systems for neurodegenerative disorders: a review. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:571-594. [PMID: 37691577 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge for drug delivery. An intranasal route is a prominent approach among the various methods to bypass the BBB. There are different pathways involved in intranasal drug delivery. The drawbacks of this method include mucociliary clearance, enzymatic degradation and poor drug permeation. Novel nanoformulations and intranasal drug-delivery devices offer promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Nanoformulations include polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes and noisomes. Additionally, intranasal devices could be utilized to enhance drug-delivery efficacy. Therefore, intranasal drug-delivery systems show potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases through trigeminal or olfactory pathways, which can significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someshbabu Ramesh Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Harshith Hosahalli Shekara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Pyda Venkata Harsha Vardhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Nitheesh Thiruppathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Madhugiri Prakash Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kaula Lampur, Malaysia
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3
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Braga SS. Molecular Mind Games: The Medicinal Action of Cyclodextrins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040666. [PMID: 37189413 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are often used as molecular carriers for small active ingredients in medicine. Recently, the intrinsic medicinal activity of some of these compounds has been under investigation, mainly related to their ability to interfere with cholesterol and, therefore, prevent and treat cholesterol-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and neuronal diseases arising from altered cholesterol and lipid metabolism. One of the most promising compounds within the cyclodextrin family is 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), owing to its superior biocompatibility profile. This work presents the most recent advances in the research and clinical use of HPβCD against Niemann-Pick disease, a congenital condition involving cholesterol accumulation inside lysosomes in brain cells, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. HPβCD plays a complex role in each of these ailments, going beyond the mere sequestering of cholesterol molecules and involving an overall regulation of protein expression that helps restore the normal functioning of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santos Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE (Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Kovacs T, Nagy P, Panyi G, Szente L, Varga Z, Zakany F. Cyclodextrins: Only Pharmaceutical Excipients or Full-Fledged Drug Candidates? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122559. [PMID: 36559052 PMCID: PMC9788615 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, representing a versatile family of cyclic oligosaccharides, have extensive pharmaceutical applications due to their unique truncated cone-shaped structure with a hydrophilic outer surface and a hydrophobic cavity, which enables them to form non-covalent host-guest inclusion complexes in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the solubility, stability and bioavailability of numerous drug molecules. As a result, cyclodextrins are mostly considered as inert carriers during their medical application, while their ability to interact not only with small molecules but also with lipids and proteins is largely neglected. By forming inclusion complexes with cholesterol, cyclodextrins deplete cholesterol from cellular membranes and thereby influence protein function indirectly through alterations in biophysical properties and lateral heterogeneity of bilayers. In this review, we summarize the general chemical principles of direct cyclodextrin-protein interactions and highlight, through relevant examples, how these interactions can modify protein functions in vivo, which, despite their huge potential, have been completely unexploited in therapy so far. Finally, we give a brief overview of disorders such as Niemann-Pick type C disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, in which cyclodextrins already have or could have the potential to be active therapeutic agents due to their cholesterol-complexing or direct protein-targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Henriques P, Fortuna A, Doktorovová S. Spray dried powders for nasal delivery: Process and formulation considerations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:1-20. [PMID: 35568256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Powders for nasal delivery have been recognized as advantageous dosage forms over liquids due to increased stability and residence time on nasal mucosa, with improved bioavailability. They can be manufactured by spray-drying, allowing the optimization of the particle properties that are critical to guarantee nasal deposition, as size and shape. It is also a scalable and flexible method already explored extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is important to understand how process parameters, particle physical properties and formulation considerations affect the product performance. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of nasal powder formulation and processing through spray drying, with an emphasis on the variables that impact on performance. To this purpose, we describe the physical, biological and pharmacological phenomena prior to drug absorption as well as the most relevant powder properties. Formulation considerations including qualitative and quantitative composition are then reviewed, as well as manufacturing considerations including spray drying relevant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; R&D, Drug Product Development, Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
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6
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A P, Agrawal M, Dethe MR, Ahmed H, Yadav A, Gupta U, Alexander A. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Current advancements and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:87-102. [PMID: 35040728 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2029845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The irreversible destruction of neurons, progressive loss of memory and cognitive behavior, high cost of therapy, and impact on society desire a better, effective, and affordable treatment of AD. The nose-to-brain drug delivery approach holds a great potential to access the brain without any hindrance of BBB and result in higher bioavailability thus better therapeutic efficacy of anti-AD drugs. AREAS COVERED The present review article highlighted the current facts and worldwide statistics of AD and its detailed etiology. Followed by barriers to brain delivery, nose-to-brain delivery, their limitations, and amalgamation with various novel carrier systems. We have emphasized recent advancements in nose-to-brain delivery using mucoadhesive, stimuli-responsive carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, protein/peptide delivery for treatment of AD. EXPERT OPINION The available therapies are symptomatic, mitigate the symptoms of AD at the initial stages. In this lieu, nose-to-brain delivery has the ability to overcome these limitations and increase drug bioavailability in the brain. Various novel strategies including stimuli-responsive systems, nanoparticles, etc. enhance the nasal drug permeation, protects the drug, and enhance its therapeutic potency. Although, successful preclinical data does not assure the clinical success of the therapy and hence exhaustive clinical investigations are needed to make the therapy available for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran A
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Mithun Rajendra Dethe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Awesh Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, 305817
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
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7
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Rassu G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Pavan B, Ferraro L, Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Versatile Nasal Application of Cyclodextrins: Excipients and/or Actives? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081180. [PMID: 34452141 PMCID: PMC8401481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are oligosaccharides widely used in the pharmaceutical field. In this review, a detailed examination of the literature of the last two decades has been made to understand the role of CDs in nasal drug delivery systems. In nasal formulations, CDs are used as pharmaceutical excipients, as solubilizers and absorption promoters, and as active ingredients due to their several biological activities (antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective). The use of CDs in nasal formulations allowed obtaining versatile drug delivery systems intended for local and systemic effects, as well as for nose-to-brain transport of drugs. In vitro and in vivo models currently employed are suitable to analyze the effects of CDs in nasal formulations. Therefore, CDs are versatile pharmaceutical materials, and due to the continual synthesis of new CDs derivatives, the research on the new nasal applications is an interesting field evolving in the coming years, to which Italian research will still contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.R.); (E.G.)
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation—Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.R.); (E.G.)
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.R.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079228754
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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8
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Fonseca LC, Lopes JA, Vieira J, Viegas C, Oliveira CS, Hartmann RP, Fonte P. Intranasal drug delivery for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:411-425. [PMID: 33638130 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition with severe consequences interfering with patient quality of life. It is characterized as a progressive and irreversible brain disorder hampering memory and thinking, affecting the capacity to perform daily tasks leading to physical and cognitive incapacitation. The conventional treatment occurs by the oral route, but it presents relevant drawbacks such as low bioavailability, fast metabolism, limited brain exposure, and undesirable side effects. The intranasal route has been proposed as a promising alternative to deliver drugs and improve the Alzheimer's disease treatment. Still, there is not a clear alternative delivery system available in the market with advantageous bioavailability and safety. The aim of this review is to perform an overview on the strategies for drug intranasal delivery for Alzheimer's disease treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of this delivery route and the delivery systems developed so far are discussed. A special focus is given on the use of permeation enhancers, the types of intranasal drug delivery devices, as well as possible toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor C Fonseca
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João A Lopes
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Vieira
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Viegas
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rafael P Hartmann
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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9
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Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in amyloid β (1-42)-induced Alzheimer’s like neuropathological process in rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Particulate systems for improving therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceuticals against central nervous system-related diseases. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Uptake of Cationic Beta-Cyclodextrins as Valid Tools in Nasal Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070658. [PMID: 32664676 PMCID: PMC7407921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin polymers have high applicability in pharmaceutical formulations due to better biocompatibility, solubility enhancement, loading capacity and controlled drug release than their parent, cyclodextrins. The cytotoxicity and cell uptake of new cationic beta-cyclodextrin monomers and polymers were evaluated as suitable materials for nasal formulations and their protective effects on cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide were studied. PC12 and CACO-2 cells were selected as the neuronal- and epithelial-type cells, respectively, to mimic the structure of respiratory and olfactory epithelia of the nasal cavity. All cationic beta-cyclodextrin polymers tested showed dose- and time-dependent toxicity; nevertheless, at 5 µM concentration and 60 min of exposure, the quaternary-ammonium-beta-cyclodextrin soluble polymer could be recognized as nontoxic. Based on these results, a fluorescently labelled quaternary-ammonium-beta-cyclodextrin monomer and polymer were selected for uptake studies in CACO-2 cells. The monomeric and polymeric beta-cyclodextrins were internalized in the cytoplasm of CACO-2 cells; the cationic monomer showed higher permeability than the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, employed as comparison. Therefore, these cationic beta-cyclodextrins showed potential as excipients able to improve the nasal absorption of drugs. Furthermore, amino-beta-cyclodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin soluble polymers were able to reduce oxidative damage in PC12 and CACO-2 cells and thus could be studied as bioactive carriers or potential drugs for cell protection against oxidative stress.
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12
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Ahmad F, Liu P. Synaptosome as a tool in Alzheimer's disease research. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147009. [PMID: 32659233 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction is an integral feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. In fact, prodromal manifestation of structural and functional deficits in synapses much prior to appearance of overt pathological hallmarks of the disease indicates that AD might be considered as a degenerative disorder of the synapses. Several research instruments and techniques have allowed us to study synaptic function and plasticity and their alterations in pathological conditions, such as AD. One such tool is the biochemically isolated preparations of detached and resealed synaptic terminals, the "synaptosomes". Because of the preservation of many of the physiological processes such as metabolic and enzymatic activities, synaptosomes have proved to be an indispensable ex vivo model system to study synapse physiology both when isolated from fresh or cryopreserved tissues, and from animal or human post-mortem tissues. This model system has been tremendously successful in the case of post-mortem tissues because of their accessibility relative to acute brain slices or cultures. The current review details the use of synaptosomes in AD research and its potential as a valuable tool in furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis and in devising and testing of therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Matías-Guiu J, Matías-Guiu JA, Montero-Escribano P, Barcia JA, Canales-Aguirre AA, Mateos-Diaz JC, Gómez-Pinedo U. Particles Containing Cells as a Strategy to Promote Remyelination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:638. [PMID: 32733364 PMCID: PMC7358567 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of demyelinated lesions is a key objective in multiple sclerosis research. Remyelination fundamentally depends on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) reaching the lesion; this is influenced by numerous factors including age, disease progression time, inflammatory activity, and the pool of OPCs available, whether they be NG2 cells or cells derived from neural stem cells. Administering OPCs has been proposed as a potential cell therapy; however, these cells can only be administered directly. This article discusses the potential administration of OPCs encapsulated within hydrogel particles composed of biocompatible biomaterials, via the nose-to-brain pathway. We also discuss conditions for the indication of this therapy, and such related issues as the influence on endogenous remyelination, migration of OPCs to demyelinated areas, and the immune response, given the autoimmune nature of multiple sclerosis. Chitosan and derivatives constitute the most promising biomaterial for this purpose, although these issues must be addressed. In conclusion, this line of research may yield an alternative to the remyelinating drugs currently being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Barcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan C Mateos-Diaz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de 12 Jalisco, CIATEJ, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Wang R, Zhang L, Liao R, Li Q, Pi R, Yang X. N2L, a novel lipoic acid-niacin dimer protects HT22 cells against β-amyloid peptide-induced damage through attenuating apoptosis. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1761-1770. [PMID: 31478183 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is thought to be the primary cause of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Niacin has been reported to have beneficial effects on AD. Previously, we synthesized a novel compound lipoicacid-niacin dimer (N2L) and revealed that it had potent blood-lipid regulation and antioxidative properties without aflushing effect. Given that lipid metabolism is also associated with AD, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of N2L on Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. We found that N2L significantly attenuated cell apoptosis, MDA level, ROS content, and the mitochondrial membrane potential corruption induced by Aβ1-42 in HT22 cells. In addition, the activities of SOD, GSH-px and CAT that were decreased by Aβ1-42 were also restored by N2L. Furthermore, N2L reduced proapoptotic signaling by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and decreasing the protein expression of both pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved Caspase-3. Together, these findings indicate that N2L holds great potential for neuroprotection against Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, suggesting that N2L may be a promising agent for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rifang Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Sandri G, Ferrari F, Gavini E, Rassu G, Giunchedi P. Nanoemulsions for "Nose-to-Brain" Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020084. [PMID: 30781585 PMCID: PMC6409749 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a fundamental role in protecting the brain from toxic substances and therefore also controls and restricts the entry of therapeutic agents. The nasal administration of drugs using the nose-to-brain pathway allows direct drug targeting into the brain, avoiding the first-pass effect and bypassing the BBB. Through the nasal route, the drug can access the brain directly along the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. Nanoemulsions are formulations belonging to the field of nanomedicine. They consist of emulsions (commonly oil in water) stabilized by one or more surfactants—and eventually co-surfactants—delivered in droplets of small dimensions (sizes of 100–300 nm or less) with a high surface area. A mucoadhesive polymer such as chitosan can be added to the formulation to impair rapid nasal clearance. Nanoemulsions represent promising formulations to deliver drugs directly into the brain through the intranasal route. Therefore, they can be used as a possible alternative to oral administration, avoiding problems such as low solubility in water, poor bioavailability, enzymatic degradation and slow onset of action. This review focuses the present situation in literature regarding the use of nanoemulsions for nose-to-brain targeting, with particular attention to recent publications. Nasal nanoemulsions appear to be effective, non-invasive and safe drug delivery systems to achieve brain targeting for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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16
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Langasco R, Fancello S, Rassu G, Cossu M, Cavalli R, Galleri G, Giunchedi P, Migheli R, Gavini E. Increasing protective activity of genistein by loading into transfersomes: A new potential adjuvant in the oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:23-31. [PMID: 30599903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Genistein has intrinsically low oral bioavailability that affects its dose-response activities. PURPOSE Nanotechnologies were used to obtain the delivery of genistein to the brain: lipid-based nanovesicles, transfersomes, loaded with the phytoestrogen were developed as potential therapeutic or preventive strategy against neurodegenerative diseases by intranasal administration. METHODS Phosphatidylcholine from soybean and different edge activators were used to prepare transfersomes. The effect of selected nanovesicles on the oxidative damage was studied in PC12 cell line. RESULTS Suitable nanovesicles as carrier of genistein were obtained; their composition affects deformability, drug permeation behavior and cytotoxicity. In particular, the formulation containing Span 80, GEN-TF2, showed efficiency of internalization into the cell and it was able to attenuate ROS formation and to reduce the amount of apoptotic cells generated by H2O2 treatment compared to genistein. CONCLUSION GEN-TF2 was able to reduce the oxidative damage suggesting a possible antioxidant role of this drug delivery system. These obtained data confer to GEN-TF2 a potential antioxidant activity and then it could be used as adjuvant therapy in oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Langasco
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Silvia Fancello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Massimo Cossu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Science and Technology of Pharmaceutics, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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17
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Jacob S, Nair AB. Cyclodextrin complexes: Perspective from drug delivery and formulation. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:201-217. [PMID: 30188584 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely investigated as a unique pharmaceutical excipient for past few decades and is still explored for new applications. They are highly versatile oligosaccharides which possess multifunctional characteristics, and are mainly used to improve the physicochemical stability, solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of drugs. Stability constant, factors affecting complexation, techniques to enhance complexation efficiency, the preparation methods for molecular inclusion complexes and release of guest molecules are discussed in brief. In addition, different CD derivatives and their pharmacokinetics are elaborated. Further, the significance of CD complex in aqueous solubility, dissolution and bioavailability, stability, and taste masking is explained. The recent advancement of CDs in developing various drug delivery systems is enlightened. Indeed, the potential of CDs by means of inclusion complex formation have widen the applicability of these materials in various drug delivery systems including ocular, osmotic, mucoadhesive, transdermal, nasal, and targeted delivery systems. Feasibility studies have been performed on the benefit of these cyclic oligomers as nanocarriers, a strategy that can modify the drugs with improved physicochemical properties. Studies also demonstrated the feasibility of CDs to self-assemble in the form of stable nanoaggregates, which may extend the scope of CDs in drug delivery to the continually expanding list of new drug entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Rassu G, Ferraro L, Pavan B, Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Dalpiaz A. The Role of Combined Penetration Enhancers in Nasal Microspheres on In Vivo Drug Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E206. [PMID: 30373187 PMCID: PMC6321492 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microspheres based on both methyl-β-cyclodextrins and chitosan were prepared by spray-drying as nasal formulations of a model polar drug to analyze, firstly, how the composition of the carrier affects drug permeation across synthetic membranes and, secondly, how it induces systemic or brain delivery of the drug. Microparticles with different weight ratios of the two penetration enhancers (10⁻90, 50⁻50, 90⁻10) were characterized with respect to morphology, size, structural composition, water uptake, and the in vitro drug permeation profile. The leader formulation (weight ratio of 50⁻50) was then nasally administered to rats; systemic and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) over time. Microspheres obtained with a single enhancer, methyl-β-cyclodextrins or chitosan, were administered in vivo as a comparison. The in vitro properties of combined microspheres appeared modified with regard to the polymeric matrix ratio. In vivo results suggest that the optimal drug distribution between CSF and bloodstream can be easily obtained by varying the amount of these two penetration enhancers studied in the matrix of nasal microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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19
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Thermal degradation of agar: Mechanism and toxicity of products. Food Chem 2018; 264:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Ma ZW, Liu DX. Humanin decreases mitochondrial membrane permeability by inhibiting the membrane association and oligomerization of Bax and Bid proteins. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1012-1021. [PMID: 29265109 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a 24-residue peptide identified from the brain of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD). HN has been found to protect against neuronal insult caused by Aβ peptides or transfection of familial AD mutant genes. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HN neuroprotection, we explored the effects of HN on the association of Bax or Bid with lipid bilayers and their oligomerization in the membrane. By using single-molecule fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer techniques, we showed that Bax was mainly present as monomers, dimers and tetramers in lipid bilayers, while truncated Bid (tBid) enhanced the membrane association and tetramerization of Bax. HN (100 nmol/L) inhibited the self-association and tBid-activated association of Bax with the bilayers, and significantly decreased the proportion of Bax in tetramers. Furthermore, HN inhibited Bid translocation to lipid bilayers. HN could bind with Bax and Bid either in solution or in the membrane. However, HN could not pull the proteins out of the membrane. Based on these results, we propose that HN binds to Bax and cBid in solution and inhibits their translocation to the membrane. Meanwhile, HN interacts with the membrane-bound Bax and tBid, preventing the recruitment of cytosolic Bax and its oligomerization in the membrane. In this way, HN inhibits Bax pore formation in mitochondrial outer membrane and suppresses cytochrome c release and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
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Ouyang QQ, Zhao S, Li SD, Song C. Application of Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharide, and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E322. [PMID: 29112116 PMCID: PMC5706020 DOI: 10.3390/md15110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include cholinergic neuron death, acetylcholine (ACh) deficiency, metal ion dynamic equilibrium disorder, and deposition of amyloid and tau. Increased evidence suggests neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may cause AD. However, none of these factors induces AD independently, but they are all associated with the formation of Aβ and tau proteins. Current clinical treatments based on ACh deficiency can only temporarily relieve symptoms, accompanied with many side-effects. Hence, searching for natural neuroprotective agents, which can significantly improve the major symptoms and reverse disease progress, have received great attention. Currently, several bioactive marine products have shown neuroprotective activities, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects with low toxicity and mild side effects in laboratory studies. Recently, chitosan (CTS), chitooligosaccharide (COS) and their derivatives from exoskeletons of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi have shown neuroprotective and antioxidative effects, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory properties. With regards to the hypotheses of AD, the neuroprotective effect of CTS, COS, and their derivatives on AD-like changes in several models have been reported. CTS and COS exert beneficial effects on cognitive impairments via inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. They are also a new type of non-toxic β-secretase and AChE inhibitor. As neuroprotective agents, they could reduce the cell membrane damage caused by copper ions and decrease the content of reactive oxygen species. This review will focus on their anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidants and their inhibition of β-amyloid, acetylcholinesterase and copper ions adsorption. Finally, the limitations and future work will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Ouyang
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Shannon Zhao
- American Studies and Ethnicity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Si-Dong Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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22
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Rassu G, Soddu E, Posadino AM, Pintus G, Sarmento B, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Nose-to-brain delivery of BACE1 siRNA loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles for Alzheimer's therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 152:296-301. [PMID: 28126681 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We designed a delivery system to obtain an efficient and optimal nose-to-brain transport of BACE1 siRNA, potentially useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We selected a cell-penetrating peptide, the short peptide derived from rabies virus glycoprotein known as RVG-9R, to increase the transcellular pathway in neuronal cells. The optimal molar ratio between RVG-9R and BACE1 siRNA was elucidated. The complex between the two was then encapsulated. We propose chitosan-coated and uncoated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a nasal delivery system capable of exploiting both olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. The coating process had an effect on the zeta potential, obtaining positively-charged nanoparticles, and on siRNA protection. The positive charge of the coating formulation ensured mucoadhesiveness to the particles and also prolonged residence time in the nasal cavity. We studied the cellular transport of siRNA released from the SLNs using Caco-2 as a model of epithelial-like phenotypes. We found that siRNA permeates the monolayer to a greater extent when released from any of the studied formulations than from bare siRNA, and primarily from chitosan-coated SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Soddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116, Gandra-PRD, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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Coisne C, Tilloy S, Monflier E, Wils D, Fenart L, Gosselet F. Cyclodextrins as Emerging Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cholesterol-Associated Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:E1748. [PMID: 27999408 PMCID: PMC6273856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, like atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are closely linked to alterations of cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, innovative pharmacological approaches aiming at counteracting cholesterol imbalance display promising therapeutic potential. However, these approaches need to take into account the existence of biological barriers such as intestinal and blood-brain barriers which participate in the organ homeostasis and are major defense systems against xenobiotics. Interest in cyclodextrins (CDs) as medicinal agents has increased continuously based on their ability to actively extract lipids from cell membranes and to provide suitable carrier system for drug delivery. Many novel CD derivatives are constantly generated with the objective to improve CD bioavailability, biocompatibility and therapeutic outcomes. Newly designed drug formulation complexes incorporating CDs as drug carriers have demonstrated better efficiency in treating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. CD-based therapies as cholesterol-sequestrating agent have recently demonstrated promising advances with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB in atherosclerosis as well as with the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in clinical trials for Niemann-Pick type C disease. Based on this success, many investigations evaluating the therapeutical beneficial of CDs in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases are currently on-going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coisne
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Eric Monflier
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Daniel Wils
- ROQUETTE, Nutrition & Health R & D, 62136 Lestrem, France.
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
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