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van der Zwaan I, Frenning G. A new modelling approach for dissolution of polydisperse powders. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122626. [PMID: 36690125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new modelling approach for dissolution of polydisperse powders is developed within the framework of the classical Noyes-Whitney/Nernst-Brunner analysis. Its distinguishing feature is that the underlying continuous particle-size distribution is retained. Two different but related dependencies of the diffusion-layer thickness on particle size are considered. First, a power-law dependence that interpolates between a thickness that is proportional to (or equals) the particle radius (obtained when the exponent equals 1) and a constant thickness (obtained when the exponent is 0). Second, a piecewise linear function such that the thickness equals the particle radius for sufficiently small particles and is constant for larger ones. The modelling approach is exemplified by consideration of a lognormal particle-size distribution. Highly accurate closed-form expressions for the fraction of dissolved drug are obtained for dissolution under sink conditions (which are exact if the diffusion-layer thickness is radius-independent). Moreover, it is demonstrated that any result derived under sink conditions can be reused to determine the fraction of dissolved/absorbed drug under non-sink conditions, using the concept of a retarded time. Comparison with literature data and experiments are used to validate the modelling approach and to demonstrate its usefulness in a practical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irès van der Zwaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and the Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Frenning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and the Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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van der Zwaan I, Franek F, Fransson R, Tehler U, Frenning G. Characterization of Membrane-Type Dissolution Profiles of Clinically Available Orally Inhaled Products Using a Weibull Fit and a Mechanistic Model. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3114-3124. [PMID: 35939615 PMCID: PMC9449970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution rate impacts the absorption rate of poorly soluble inhaled drugs. In vitro dissolution tests that can capture the impact of changes in critical quality attributes of the drug product on in vivo dissolution are important for the development of products containing poorly soluble drugs, as well as modified release formulations. In this study, an extended mathematical model allowing for dissolution of polydisperse powders and subsequent diffusion of dissolved drug across a membrane is described. In vitro dissolution profiles of budesonide, fluticasone propionate, and beclomethasone dipropionate delivered from three commercial drug products were determined using a membrane-type Transwell dissolution test, which consists of a donor and an acceptor compartment separated by a membrane. Subsequently, the profiles were analyzed using the developed mechanistic model and a semi-empirical model based on the Weibull distribution. The two mathematical models provided the same rank order of the performance of the three drug products in terms of dissolution rates, but the rates were significantly different. The faster rate extracted from the mechanistic model is expected to reflect the true dissolution rate of the drug; the Weibull model provides an effective and slower rate that represents not only drug dissolution but also diffusion across the Transwell membrane. In conclusion, the developed extended model provides superior understanding of the dissolution mechanisms in membrane-type (Transwell) dissolution tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irès van der Zwaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and the Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frans Franek
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Fransson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Tehler
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Frenning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and the Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Danov KD, Stanimirova RD, Kralchevsky PA, Slavova TG, Yavrukova VI, Ung YW, Tan E, Xu H, Petkov JT. Solubility of ionic surfactants below their Krafft point in mixed micellar solutions: Phase diagrams for methyl ester sulfonates and nonionic cosurfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:474-485. [PMID: 34090025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Many ionic surfactants with wide applications in personal-care and house-hold detergency show limited water solubility at lower temperatures (Krafft point). This drawback can be overcome by using mixed solutions, where the ionic surfactant is incorporated in mixed micelles with another surfactant, which is soluble at lower temperatures. EXPERIMENTS The solubility and electrolytic conductivity for a binary surfactant mixture of anionic methyl ester sulfonates (MES) with nonionic alkyl polyglucoside and alkyl polyoxyethylene ether at 5 °C during long-term storage were measured. Phase diagrams were established; a general theoretical model for their explanation was developed and checked experimentally. FINDINGS The binary and ternary phase diagrams for studied surfactant mixtures include phase domains: mixed micelles; micelles + crystallites; crystallites, and molecular solution. The proposed general methodology, which utilizes the equations of molecular thermodynamics at minimum number of experimental measurements, is convenient for construction of such phase diagrams. The results could increase the range of applicability of MES-surfactants with relatively high Krafft temperature, but with various useful properties such as excellent biodegradability and skin compatibility; stability in hard water; good wetting and cleaning performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krassimir D Danov
- Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Rumyana D Stanimirova
- Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Peter A Kralchevsky
- Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatiana G Slavova
- Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Veronika I Yavrukova
- Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yee Wei Ung
- KLK OLEO, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd, Menara KLK, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Dalur Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Emily Tan
- KLK OLEO, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd, Menara KLK, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Dalur Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xu
- KLK OLEO, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd, Menara KLK, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Dalur Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jordan T Petkov
- Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; Biological Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
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Abstract
Sudden onset of solubilization is observed widely around or below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants. It has also been reported that micellization is induced by the solutes even below CMC and the solubilized solute increases the aggregation number of the surfactant. These observations suggest enhanced cooperativity in micellization upon solubilization. Recently, we have developed a rigorous statistical thermodynamic theory of cooperative solubilization. Its application to hydrotropy revealed the mechanism of cooperative hydrotropy: hydrotrope self-association enhanced by solutes. Here we generalize our previous cooperative solubilization theory to surfactants. We have shown that the well-known experimental observations, such as the reduction of CMC in the presence of the solutes and the increase of aggregation number, are the manifestations of cooperative solubilization. Thus, the surfactant self-association enhanced by a solute is the driving force of cooperativity and a part of a universal cooperative solubilization mechanism common to hydrotropes and surfactants at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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SAYDAM M, TAKKA S. Improving the dissolution of a water-insoluble orphan drug through a fused deposition modelling 3-Dimensional printing technology approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Eriksson J, Thörn H, Sjögren E, Holmstén L, Rubin K, Lennernäs H. Pulmonary Dissolution of Poorly Soluble Compounds Studied in an ex Vivo Rat Lung Model. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3053-3064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | | | | | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
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Rivelli GG, Ricoy LBM, César IC, Fernandes C, Pianetti GA. Level A in vitro-in vivo correlation: Application to establish a dissolution test for artemether and lumefantrine tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:262-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Galipeau K, Socki M, Socia A, Harmon PA. Incomplete Loading of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid Micelles Within the Diffusion Layers of Dispersed Drug Particles During Dissolution. J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Göke K, Bunjes H. Parameters influencing the course of passive drug loading into lipid nanoemulsions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:123-131. [PMID: 28529070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Passive drug loading can be used to effectively identify suitable colloidal lipid carrier systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. This method comprises incubation of preformed carrier systems with drug powder and subsequent determination of the resulting drug load of the carrier particles. Until now, the passive loading mechanism is unknown, which complicates reliable routine use. In this work, the influence of drug characteristics on the course of passive loading was investigated systematically varying drug surface area and drug solubility. Fenofibrate and flufenamic acid were used as model drugs; the carrier system was a trimyristin nanodispersion. Loading progress was analyzed by UV spectroscopy or by a novel method based on differential scanning calorimetry. While increasing drug solubility by micelle incorporation did not speed up passive loading, a large drug surface area and high water solubility were key parameters for fast loading. Since both factors are crucial in drug dissolution as described by the Noyes-Whitney equation, these findings point to a dissolution-diffusion-based passive loading mechanism. Accordingly, passive loading also occurred when drug and carrier particles were separated by a dialysis membrane. Knowledge of the loading mechanism allows optimizing the conditions for future passive loading studies and assessing the limitations of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Göke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1 & Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1 & Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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