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Dong Q, Chen C, Taubert M, Bilal M, Kinzig M, Sörgel F, Scherf-Clavel O, Fuhr U, Dokos C. Understanding adefovir pharmacokinetics as a component of a transporter phenotyping cocktail. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:1069-1078. [PMID: 38546841 PMCID: PMC11156719 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adefovir (as dipivoxil) was selected as a probe drug in a previous transporter cocktail phenotyping study to assess renal organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), with renal clearance (CLR) as the primary parameter describing renal elimination. An approximately 20% higher systemic exposure of adefovir was observed when combined with other cocktail components (metformin, sitagliptin, pitavastatin, and digoxin) compared to sole administration. The present evaluation applied a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) modeling approach to describe adefovir pharmacokinetics as a cocktail component in more detail. METHODS Data from 24 healthy subjects were reanalyzed. After establishing a base model, covariate effects, including the impact of co-administered drugs, were assessed using forward inclusion then backward elimination. RESULTS A one-compartment model with first-order absorption (including lag time) and a combination of nonlinear renal and linear nonrenal elimination best described the data. A significantly higher apparent bioavailability (73.6% vs. 59.0%) and a lower apparent absorption rate constant (2.29 h-1 vs. 5.18 h-1) were identified in the combined period compared to the sole administration period, while no difference was seen in renal elimination. The population estimate for the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the nonlinear renal elimination was 170 nmol/L, exceeding the observed range of adefovir plasma maximum concentration, while the maximum rate (Vmax) of nonlinear renal elimination was 2.40 µmol/h at the median absolute estimated glomerular filtration rate of 105 mL/min. CONCLUSION The popPK modeling approach indicated that the co-administration primarily affected the apparent absorption and/or prodrug conversion of adefovir dipivoxil, resulting in the minor drug-drug interaction observed for adefovir as a victim. However, renal elimination remained unaffected. The high Km value suggests that assessing renal OAT1 activity by CLR has no relevant misspecification error with the cocktail doses used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- Department I of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department I of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Max Taubert
- Department I of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department I of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Kinzig
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Uwe Fuhr
- Department I of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Charalambos Dokos
- Department I of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne, 50931, Germany
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Ding C, Li Y, Li X, Meng L, Fu R, Wang X, Li Y, Ma Y, Dong Z. QiShenYiQi pills, a Chinese patent medicine, increase bioavailability of atorvastatin by inhibiting Mrp2 expression in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:185-194. [PMID: 35001796 PMCID: PMC8745373 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2021949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Atorvastatin (ATV) and QiShenYiQi pills (QSYQ), a Chinese patent medicine, are often co-prescribed to Chinese cardiovascular patients. The effects of QSYQ on the pharmacokinetics of ATV have not been studied. OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of QSYQ on the pharmacokinetics of ATV and its metabolites upon oral or intravenous administration of ATV to rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5/group) were pre-treated with oral QSYQ (675 mg/kg) or vehicle control for 7 days and then orally administrated ATV (10 mg/kg) or intravenously administrated ATV (2 mg/kg). Serum concentrations of ATV and metabolites were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Expression of metabolic enzymes and transporters in jejunum and ileum were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS QSYQ resulted in an increase of AUC0-12 h of ATV from 226.67 ± 42.11 to 408.70 ± 161.75 ng/mL/h and of Cmax of ATV from 101.46 ± 26.18 to 198.00 ± 51.69 ng/mL and in an increased of para-hydroxy atorvastatin from 9.07 ± 6.20 to 23.10 ± 8.70 ng/mL in rats administered ATV orally. No change was observed in rats treated intravenously. The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 mRNA and protein decreased in ileum, and the mRNA of P-glycoprotein decreased in jejunum, though no change in protein expression was found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS QSYQ increased bioavailability of ATV administered orally through inhibiting the expression of Mrp2 in ileum. Clinicians should pay close attention to potential drug-drug interactions between ATV and QSYQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyang Ding
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yajing Li
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Fu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinling Ma
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhanjun Dong
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ogasawara K, Wood-Horrall RN, Thomas M, Thomas M, Liu L, Liu M, Xue Y, Surapaneni S, Carayannopoulos LN, Zhou S, Palmisano M, Krishna G. Impact of fedratinib on the pharmacokinetics of transporter probe substrates using a cocktail approach. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:941-952. [PMID: 34477937 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fedratinib, an oral, selective Janus kinase 2 inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, organic cation transporter (OCT) 2, and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1 and MATE2-K in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of fedratinib on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of digoxin (P-gp substrate), rosuvastatin (OATP1B1/1B3 and BCRP substrate), and metformin (OCT2 and MATE1/2-K substrate). METHODS In this nonrandomized, fixed-sequence, open-label study, 24 healthy adult participants received single oral doses of digoxin 0.25 mg, rosuvastatin 10 mg, and metformin 1000 mg administered as a drug cocktail (day 1, period 1). After a 6-day washout, participants received oral fedratinib 600 mg 1 h before the cocktail on day 7 (period 2). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to determine possible influences of fedratinib on the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin. RESULTS Plasma exposure to the three probe drugs was generally comparable in the presence or absence of fedratinib. Reduced metformin renal clearance by 36% and slightly higher plasma glucose levels after OGTT were observed in the presence of fedratinib. Single oral doses of the cocktail ± fedratinib were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fedratinib has minimal impact on the exposure of P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1/1B3, OCT2, and MATE1/2-K substrates. Since renal clearance of metformin was decreased in the presence of fedratinib, caution should be exercised in using coadministered drugs that are renally excreted via OCT2 and MATEs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04231435 on January 18, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
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Song XM, Li BJ, Zhang YY, Ge WJ, Zhang SF, Cui WF, Li GS, Liang RF. Rutaecarpine enhances the anti-diabetic activity and hepatic distribution of metformin via up-regulation of Oct1 in diabetic rats. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:818-830. [PMID: 33952086 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1926573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple complications, patients who receive metformin may have a simultaneous intake of herbal medicine containing rutaecarpine due to cardiovascular protection and hypolipidemic effects of rutaecarpine. There might be drug interactions between metformin and rutaecarpine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutaecarpine on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of metformin in diabetic rats.The diabetic rat model was induced with high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Metformin with or without rutaecarpine was administered by oral gavage for 42 days. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters were evaluated.The pharmacodynamics results revealed that co-administration of rutaecarpine with metformin resulted in a remarkable reduction of serum glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic rats compared to metformin treated alone. The pharmacokinetics results showed that co-treatments of rutaecarpine with metformin did not affect the systemic exposure and renal distribution of metformin, but increased metformin concentration in liver. Furthermore, rutaecarpine increased Oct1-mediated metformin uptake into hepatocytes by upregulation of Oct1 expression in the liver.The above data indicate that rutaecarpine enhanced the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, which may be associated with the increased hepatic distribution of metformin through up-regulation of Oct1 in response to rutaecarpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing-Jie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ge
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - She-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Geng-Sheng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Feng Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Izat N, Sahin S. Hepatic transporter-mediated pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions: Recent studies and regulatory recommendations. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2021; 42:45-77. [PMID: 33507532 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are one of the major mechanisms in pharmacokinetic-based drug interactions and correspondingly affecting drugs' safety and efficacy. Regulatory bodies underlined the importance of the evaluation of transporter-mediated interactions as a part of the drug development process. The liver is responsible for the elimination of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds via metabolism and biliary excretion. Therefore, hepatic uptake transporters, expressed on the sinusoidal membranes of hepatocytes, and efflux transporters mediating the transport from hepatocytes to the bile are determinant factors for pharmacokinetics of drugs, and hence, drug-drug interactions. In parallel with the growing research interest in this area, regulatory guidances have been updated with detailed assay models and criteria. According to well-established preclinical results, observed or expected hepatic transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions can be taken into account for clinical studies. In this paper, various methods including in vitro, in situ, in vivo, in silico approaches, and combinational concepts and several clinical studies on the assessment of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions were reviewed. Informative and effective evaluation by preclinical tools together with the integration of pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation can reduce unexpected clinical outcomes and enhance the success rate in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Izat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selma Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Interpretation of Drug Interaction Using Systemic and Local Tissue Exposure Changes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050417. [PMID: 32370191 PMCID: PMC7284846 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic exposure of a drug is generally associated with its pharmacodynamic (PD) effect (e.g., efficacy and toxicity). In this regard, the change in area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of a drug, representing its systemic exposure, has been mainly considered in evaluation of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Besides the systemic exposure, the drug concentration in the tissues has emerged as a factor to alter the PD effects. In this review, the status of systemic exposure, and/or tissue exposure changes in DDIs, were discussed based on the recent reports dealing with transporters and/or metabolic enzymes mediating DDIs. Particularly, the tissue concentration in the intestine, liver and kidney were referred to as important factors of PK-based DDIs.
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Rodrigues AD, Lai Y, Shen H, Varma MV, Rowland A, Oswald S. Induction of Human Intestinal and Hepatic Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides: Where Is the Evidence for Its Relevance in Drug-Drug Interactions? Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 48:205-216. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Han SY, Chae HS, You BH, Chin YW, Kim H, Choi HS, Choi YH. Lonicera japonica extract increases metformin distribution in the liver without change of systemic exposed metformin in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111892. [PMID: 31004727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flower and flower bud of Lonicera japonica, Lonicerae Flos, have been popularly used as medicinal plant for the treatment of clearing heat and thirst, thereby improving diabetic or diabetic associated symptoms (thirst and poor eyesight). AIM OF THE STUDY Organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multi-drug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) are known to play important roles in metformin transport in the liver and kidneys. Thus, there might be interactions between Lonicerae Flos and metformin via OCTs and MATEs. Also treatment period has been issued in transporter-mediated drug interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Lonicerae Flos ethanol extract (LJ) on metformin pharmacokinetics and its glucose lowering activity in different treatment periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of LJ on metformin uptake was evaluated in vitro HEK-293 cells expressing human OCTs or MATEs. Treatment period-dependent impact of LJ on systemic exposure and hepatic distribution of metformin as well as its glucose tolerance activity were assessed in in vivo rats. RESULTS LJ substantially inhibited MATE1-mediated metformin uptake in vitro. In evaluating treatment period effects of LJ and metformin, 1-, 7-, and 28-day co-treatments of LJ with metformin did not change systemic exposure of metformin compared to those in metformin alone. Whereas, 28-day co-treatment of LJ with metformin increased metformin concentration in liver as a pharmacological target site of metformin. It could be due to the reduced MATE1-mediated metformin efflux from hepatocytes to bile by MATE1 inhibition in liver. Glucose tolerance activity was also enhanced by 28-day co-treatment of LJ and metformin compared to metformin alone. CONCLUSIONS In 28-day co-treatment of LJ and metformin, LJ increased metformin concentration in liver and improved glucose tolerance activity without systemic exposure change of metformin, suggesting the importance to consider treatment period effect and both systemic exposure and tissue distribution in drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yon Han
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27, Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27, Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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吕 斌, 寻 添, 吴 树, 占 霞, 荣 艳, 张 庆, 杨 西. [Interaction between atorvastatin and voriconazole in rat plasma: a HPLC-MS/MS-based study]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:337-343. [PMID: 31068304 PMCID: PMC6765680 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and voriconazole in rat plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and the changes in voriconazole concentration in rats after administration. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from rats after intragastric administration of atorvastatin alone or in combination with voriconazole. The samples were treated with sodium acetate acidification, and atorvastatin and voriconazole in the plasma were extracted using a liquidliquid extraction method with methyl tert-butyl ether as the extractant. The extracts were then separated on a Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 (2.1×100 mm, 1.9 μm) column within 6 min with gradient elution using acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase; mass spectrometry detection was achieved in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode under the positive ion scanning mode of heated electrospray ion source (H-ESI) and using transition mass of m/z 559.2→440.2 for atorvastatin and m/z 350→280 for voriconazole, with m/z370.2→252 for lansoprazole (the internal standard) as the quantitative ion. RESULTS The calibration curves were linear within the concentration range of 0.01-100 ng/mL (r=0.9957) for atorvastatin and 0.025-100 ng/mL (r=0.9966) for voriconazole. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were all less than 13%, and the recovery was between 66.50% and 82.67%; the stability of the plasma samples met the requirements of testing. The AUC0-24 h of atorvastatin in rat plasma after single and combined administration was 438.78±139.61 and 927.43±204.12 h·μg·L-1, CLz/F was 23.89±8.14 and 10.43±2.58 L·h-1·kg-1, Cmax was 149.62±131.10 and 159.37±36.83 μg/L, t1/2 was 5.08±1.63 and (5.58±2.11 h, and Tmax was 0.37±0.14 and 3.60±1.52 h, respectively; AUC0-24 h, CLZ/F and Tmax of atorvastatin in rat plasma differed significantly between single and combined administration. The HPLC-MS/MS system also allowed simultaneous determination of voriconazole concentration in rat plasma after combined administration. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC-MS/MS system we established in this study is simple, rapid and sensitive and allows simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and voriconazole in rat plasma. Some pharmacokinetic parameters of atorvastatin are changed in the presence of voriconazole, and their clinical significance needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 斌 吕
- 南方医科大学 南方医院药学部, 广东 广州 510515Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 添荣 寻
- 南方医科大学 南方医院药学部, 广东 广州 510515Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 树龙 吴
- 深圳医院 药剂科, 广东 深圳 518100Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - 霞 占
- 南方医科大学 南方医院药学部, 广东 广州 510515Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 艳 荣
- 深圳医院 呼吸科, 广东 深圳 518100Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - 庆 张
- 南方医科大学 南方医院药学部, 广东 广州 510515Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 西晓 杨
- 南方医科大学 南方医院药学部, 广东 广州 510515Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 深圳医院 药剂科, 广东 深圳 518100Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
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In Vitro Stimulation of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 Function Is Not Reproduced In Vivo in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030125. [PMID: 30096834 PMCID: PMC6161027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported that coproporphyrin-I (CP-I) is an optimal probe substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and stimulation of MRP2-mediated transport is probe substrate-dependent. In the present investigation, we assessed if the in vitro stimulation is physiologically relevant. Similar to human MRP2 transport, CP-I was transported by rat Mrp2 in a typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with apparent Km and Vmax values of 15 ± 6 µM and 161 ± 20 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. In vivo Mrp2 functions were monitored by biliary and renal secretion of CP-I and its isomer CP-III, in bile-duct cannulated rats before and after treatment with mitoxantrone, progesterone, and verapamil. These compounds stimulated Mrp2-mediated CP-I transport in vitro. No significant increase in biliary or renal clearances, as well as in the cumulative amount of CP-I or CP-III eliminated in bile, were detected following treatment with the in vitro stimulators, indicating an in vitro to in vivo disconnect. In presence of 10 µM bilirubin, the in vitro stimulation was suppressed. We concluded that the in vitro stimulation of CP-I transport mediated by Mrp2 is not translatable in vivo, and proposed that the presence of endogenous compounds such as bilirubin in the liver may contribute to the in vitro to in vivo disconnect.
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Cell Migration Related to MDR-Another Impediment to Effective Chemotherapy? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020331. [PMID: 29401721 PMCID: PMC6017720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance, mediated by members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins superfamily, has become one of the biggest obstacles in conquering tumour progression. If the chemotherapy outcome is considered successful, when the primary tumour volume is decreased or completely abolished, modulation of ABC proteins activity is one of the best methods to overcome drug resistance. However, if a positive outcome is represented by no metastasis or, at least, elongation of remission-free time, then the positive effect of ABC proteins inhibition should be compared with the several side effects it causes, which may inflict cancer progression and decrease overall patient health. Clinical trials conducted thus far have shown that the tested ABC modulators add limited or no benefits to cancer patients, as some of them are merely toxic and others induce unwanted drug–drug interactions. Moreover, the inhibition of certain ABC members has been recently indicated as potentially responsible for increased fibroblasts migration. A better understanding of the complex role of ABC proteins in relation to cancer progression may offer novel strategies in cancer therapy.
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