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Ramsay E, Montaser AB, Niitsu K, Urtti A, Auriola S, Huttunen KM, Uchida Y, Kidron H, Terasaki T. Transporter Protein Expression of Corneal Epithelium in Rabbit and Porcine: Evaluation of Models for Ocular Drug Transport Study. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3204-3217. [PMID: 38809137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The transcorneal route is the main entry route for drugs to the intraocular parts, after topical administration. The outer surface, the corneal epithelium (CE), forms the rate-limiting barrier for drug permeability. Information about the role and protein expression of drug and amino acid transporter proteins in the CE is sparse and lacking. The aim of our study was to characterize transporter protein expression in rabbit and porcine CE to better understand potential drug and nutrient absorption after topical administration. Proteins, mainly Abc and Slc transporters, were characterized with quantitative targeted absolute proteomics and global untargeted proteomics methods. In the rabbit CE, 24 of 48 proteins were detected in the targeted approach, and 21 of these were quantified. In the porcine CE, 26 of 58 proteins were detected in the targeted approach, and 20 of these were quantified. Among these, 15 proteins were quantified in both animals: 4f2hc (Slc3a2), Aqp0, Asct1 (Slc1a4), Asct2 (Slc1a5), Glut1 (Slc2a1), Hmit (Slc2a13), Insr, Lat1 (Slc7a5), Mct1 (Slc16a1), Mct2 (Slc16a7), Mct4 (Slc16a3), Mrp 4 (Abcc4), Na+/K+-ATPase, Oatp3a1 (Slco3a1), and Snat2 (Slc38a2). Overall, the global proteomics results supported the targeted proteomics results. Organic anion transporting polypeptide Oatp3a1 was detected and quantified for the first time in both rabbit (1.4 ± 0.4 fmol/cm2) and porcine (11.1 ± 5.3 fmol/cm2) CE. High expression levels were observed for L-type amino acid transporter, Lat1, which was quantified with newly selected extracellular domain peptides in rabbit (48.9 ± 11.8 fmol/cm2) and porcine (37.6 ± 11.5 fmol/cm2) CE. The knowledge of transporter protein expression in ocular barriers is a key factor in the successful design of new ocular drugs, pharmacokinetic modeling, understanding ocular diseases, and the translation to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramsay
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed B Montaser
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kanako Niitsu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Department of Molecular Systems Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang G, Chen H, Ren W, Huang J. Efficacy of bile acid profiles in diagnosing and staging of alcoholic liver disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:8-17. [PMID: 36484775 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2151508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still a great challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and characterize new metabolomic biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of ALD. METHODS A total of 127 patients with early liver injury, 40 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC) and 40 healthy controls were included in this study. Patients with early liver injury included 45 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 40 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and 40 patients with viral liver disease (VLD). The differential metabolites in serum samples were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and partial metabolites in the differential metabolic pathway were identified by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 40 differential metabolites and five differential metabolic pathways in the four groups of patients with early liver disease and healthy controls were found, and the metabolic pathway of primary bile acid (BA) biosynthesis was the pathway that included the most differential metabolites. Therefore, 22 BA profiles were detected. The results revealed that the changes of BA profiles were most pronounced in patients with ALD compared with patients with NAFLD and VLD, in whom 12 differential BAs were diagnostic markers of ALD (AUC = 0.883). The 19 differential BAs in ALC and ALD were diagnostic markers of the stage of alcoholic hepatic fibrosis (AUC = 0.868). CONCLUSION BA profiles are potential indicators in the diagnosis of ALD and evaluation of different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaixia Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haizhen Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Fujino C, Sanoh S, Katsura T. Variation in Expression of Cytochrome P450 3A Isoforms and Toxicological Effects: Endo- and Exogenous Substances as Regulatory Factors and Substrates. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1617-1634. [PMID: 34719640 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CYP3A subfamily, which includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in humans, plays important roles in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substances. Gene and protein expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 show large inter-individual differences, which are caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. Inter-individual differences can cause negative outcomes, such as adverse drug events and disease development. Therefore, it is important to understand the variations in CYP3A expression caused by endo- and exogenous factors, as well as the variation in the metabolism and kinetics of endo- and exogenous substrates. In this review, we summarize the factors regulating CYP3A expression, such as bile acids, hormones, microRNA, inflammatory cytokines, drugs, environmental chemicals, and dietary factors. In addition, variations in CYP3A expression under pathological conditions, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and liver diseases, are described as examples of the physiological effects of endogenous factors. We also summarize endogenous and exogenous substrates metabolized by CYP3A isoforms, such as cholesterol, bile acids, hormones, arachidonic acid, vitamin D, and drugs. The relationship between the changes in the kinetics of these substrates and the toxicological effects in our bodies are discussed. The usefulness of these substrates and metabolites as endogenous biomarkers for CYP3A activity is also discussed. Notably, we focused on discrimination between CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 to understand inter-individual differences in CYP3A expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Toshiya Katsura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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He L, Vatsalya V, Ma X, Zhang J, Yin X, Kim S, Feng W, McClain CJ, Zhang X. Metabolic Profiling of Bile Acids in the Urine of Patients with Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:798-811. [PMID: 34027270 PMCID: PMC8122376 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play important functions in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). In the current study, urine BA concentrations in 38 patients with well-described alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) as characterized by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), 8 patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD), and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-three BAs were identified, and 22 BAs had significant changes in their abundance levels in patients with AH. The potential associations of clinical data were compared to candidate BAs in this pilot proof-of-concept study. MELD score showed positive correlations with several conjugated BAs and negative correlations with certain unconjugated BAs; taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and MELD score showed the highest association. Cholic acid, CDCA, and apocholic acid had nonsignificant abundance changes in patients with nonsevere ALD compared to HCs but were significantly increased in those with severe AH. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the differences in these three compounds were sufficiently large to distinguish severe AH from nonsevere ALD. Notably, the abundance levels of primary BAs were significantly increased while most of the secondary BAs were markedly decreased in AH compared to AUD. Most importantly, the amount of total BAs and the ratio of primary to secondary BAs increased while the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated BAs decreased as disease severity increased. Conclusion: Abundance changes of specific BAs are closely correlated with the severity of AH in this pilot study. Urine BAs (individually or as a group) could be potential noninvasive laboratory biomarkers for detecting early stage ALD and may have prognostic value in AH morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing He
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Robley Rex Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Xipeng Ma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- School of DentistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of OncologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Robley Rex Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLouisvilleKYUSA.,Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-Based Proteomics of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112718. [PMID: 32545386 PMCID: PMC7321193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying proteins in biological samples, outperforming conventional antibody-based methods in many aspects. LC-MS/MS-based proteomics studies have revealed the protein abundances of many drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in tissues relevant to drug metabolism and disposition. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated marked interindividual variability in DMET protein expression, suggesting that varied DMET function is an important contributing factor for interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of medications. Moreover, differential DMET expression profiles were observed across different species and in vitro models. Therefore, caution must be exercised when extrapolating animal and in vitro DMET proteomics findings to humans. In recent years, DMET proteomics has been increasingly utilized for the development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, and DMET proteins have also been proposed as biomarkers for prediction of the PK and PD of the corresponding substrate drugs. In sum, despite the existence of many challenges in the analytical technology and data analysis methods of LC-MS/MS-based proteomics, DMET proteomics holds great potential to advance our understanding of PK behavior at the individual level and to optimize treatment regimens via the DMET protein biomarker-guided precision pharmacotherapy.
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Targeted Proteomics-Based Quantitative Protein Atlas of Pannexin and Connexin Subtypes in Mouse and Human Tissues and Cancer Cell Lines. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1161-1168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fujino C, Sanoh S, Tateno C, Ohta S, Kotake Y. Coordinated cytochrome P450 expression in mouse liver and intestine under different dietary conditions during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:133-144. [PMID: 30880217 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver resection is performed to remove tumors in patients with liver cancer, but the procedure's suitability depends on the regenerative ability of the liver. It is important to consider the effects of exogenous factors, such as diets, on liver regeneration for the recovery of function. The evaluation of drug metabolism during liver regeneration is also necessary because liver dysfunction is generally observed after the operation. Here, we investigated the influence of a purified diet (AIN-93G) on liver regeneration and changes in the mRNA expression of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in the liver and small intestine using a two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) mouse model fed with a standard diet (MF) and a purified diet. Liver regeneration was significantly delayed in the purified diet group relative to that in the standard diet group. The liver Cyp2c55 and Cyp3a11 expression was increased at 3 day after PH especially in the purified diet group. Bile acid may partly cause the differences in liver regeneration and CYP expression between two types of diets. On the other hand, Cyp3a13 expression in the small intestine was transiently increased at day 1 after PH in both diet groups. The findings suggest that compensatory induction of the CYP expression occurred in the small intestine after attenuation of drug metabolism potential in the liver. The present results highlight the importance of the relationship between liver regeneration, drug metabolism, and exogenous factors for the effective treatment, including surgery and medication, in patients after liver resection or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Chise Tateno
- R&D Dept., PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd., 739-0046, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, 739-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan; Wakayama Medical University, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8553, Japan
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Tachikawa M, Sumiyoshiya Y, Saigusa D, Sasaki K, Watanabe M, Uchida Y, Terasaki T. Liver Zonation Index of Drug Transporter and Metabolizing Enzyme Protein Expressions in Mouse Liver Acinus. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:610-618. [PMID: 29506983 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to clarify the molecular basis of zonated drug distributions in mouse liver based on the protein expression levels of transporters and metabolizing enzymes in periportal (PP) and pericentral (PC) vein regions of mouse hepatic lobules. The distributions of sulforhodamine 101 (SR-101), a substrate of organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps), and ribavirin, a substrate of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (Ent1), were elucidated in frozen liver sections of mice, to which each compound had been intravenously administered. Regions strongly positive for SR-101 (SR-101+) and regions weakly positive or negative for SR-101 (SR-101-) were separated by laser microdissection. The zonated distribution of protein expression was quantified in terms of the liver zonation index. Quantitative targeted absolute proteomics revealed the selective expression of glutamine synthetase in the SR-101+ region, indicating predominant distribution of SR-101 in hepatocytes of the PC vein region. The protein levels of Oatp1a1, Oatp1b2, organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1), and cytochrome P450 (P450) 2e1 were greater in the PC vein regions, whereas the level of organic anion transporter 2 (Oat2) was greater in the PP vein regions. Mouse Oatp1a1 mediated SR-101 transport. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in expression of Ent1, Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, several canalicular transporters, P450 enzymes, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases between the PP and PC vein regions. This is consistent with the almost uniform distribution of ribavirin in the liver. In conclusion, sinusoidal membrane transporters such as Oatp1a1, Oatp1b2, Oct1, and Oat2 appear to be determinants of the zonated distribution of drugs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tachikawa
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.T., Y.S., K.S., M.W., Y.U., T.T.), and Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (D.S.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuna Sumiyoshiya
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.T., Y.S., K.S., M.W., Y.U., T.T.), and Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (D.S.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.T., Y.S., K.S., M.W., Y.U., T.T.), and Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (D.S.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sasaki
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.T., Y.S., K.S., M.W., Y.U., T.T.), and Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (D.S.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michitoshi Watanabe
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.T., Y.S., K.S., M.W., Y.U., T.T.), and Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (D.S.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.T., Y.S., K.S., M.W., Y.U., T.T.), and Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (D.S.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.T., Y.S., K.S., M.W., Y.U., T.T.), and Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (D.S.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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