1
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Delgado JF, Owen JW, Pritchard WF, Varble NA, Lopez-Silva TL, Mikhail AS, Arrichiello A, Ray T, Morhard R, Borde T, Saccenti L, Xu S, Rivera J, Schneider JP, Karanian JW, Wood BJ. Ultrasound and x-ray imageable poloxamer-based hydrogel for loco-regional therapy delivery in the liver. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4555123. [PMID: 38978563 PMCID: PMC11230504 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4555123/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Intratumoral injections have the potential for enhanced cancer treatment efficacy while reducing costs and systemic exposure. However, intratumoral drug injections can result in substantial off-target leakage and are invisible under standard imaging modalities like ultrasound (US) and x-ray. A thermosensitive poloxamer-based gel for drug delivery was developed that is visible using x-ray imaging (computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, fluoroscopy), as well as using US by means of integrating perfluorobutane-filled microbubbles (MBs). MBs content was optimized using tissue mimicking phantoms and ex vivo bovine livers. Gel formulations less than 1% MBs provided gel depositions that were clearly identifiable on US and distinguishable from tissue background and with minimal acoustic artifacts. The cross-sectional areas of gel depositions obtained with US and CT imaging were similar in studies using ex vivo bovine liver and postmortem in situ swine liver. The gel formulation enhanced multimodal image-guided navigation, enabling fusion of ultrasound and x-ray/CT imaging, which may enhance targeting, definition of spatial delivery, and overlap of tumor and gel. Although speculative, such a paradigm for intratumoral drug delivery might streamline clinical workflows, reduce radiation exposure by reliance on US, and boost the precision and accuracy of drug delivery targeting during procedures. Imageable gels may also provide enhanced temporal and spatial control of intratumoral conformal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Delgado
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Joshua W Owen
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - William F Pritchard
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Nicole A Varble
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Tania L Lopez-Silva
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Andrew S Mikhail
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Antonio Arrichiello
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Trisha Ray
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Robert Morhard
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Tabea Borde
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Laetitia Saccenti
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sheng Xu
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jocelyne Rivera
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Joel P Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - John W Karanian
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
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2
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Li F, Song B, Zhou WF, Chu LJ. Toll-Like Receptors 7/8: A Paradigm for the Manipulation of Immunologic Reactions for Immunotherapy. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:564-578. [PMID: 37751284 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one type of PRR used by the innate immune system to mediate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR family members TLR7 and TLR8 (referred to as TLR7/8 from herein) are endosomal transmembrane receptors that recognize purine-rich single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and bacterial DNA, eliciting an immunologic reaction to pathogens. TLR7/8 were discovered to mediate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by activating immune cells. In addition, accumulating evidence has indicated that TLR7/8 may be closely related to numerous immune-mediated disorders, specifically several types of cancer, autoimmune disease, and viral disease. TLR7/8 agonists and antagonists, which are used as drugs or adjuvants, have been identified in preclinical studies and clinical trials as promising immune stimulators for the immunotherapy of these immune-mediated disorders. These results provided reasoning to further explore immunotherapy for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Nevertheless, numerous needs remain unmet, and the therapeutic effects of TLR7/8 agonists and antagonists are poor and exert strong immune-related toxicities. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the TLR family members, particularly TLR7/8, and address the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of TLR7/8 in immune-mediated disorders. The aim of the work is to discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of TLR7/8 in immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Jin Chu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
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3
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Marques AC, Costa PC, Velho S, Amaral MH. Injectable Poloxamer Hydrogels for Local Cancer Therapy. Gels 2023; 9:593. [PMID: 37504472 PMCID: PMC10379388 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread push to invest in local cancer therapies comes from the need to overcome the limitations of systemic treatment options. In contrast to intravenous administration, local treatments using intratumoral or peritumoral injections are independent of tumor vasculature and allow high concentrations of therapeutic agents to reach the tumor site with minimal systemic toxicity. Injectable biodegradable hydrogels offer a clear advantage over other delivery systems because the former requires no surgical procedures and promotes drug retention at the tumor site. More precisely, in situ gelling systems based on poloxamers have garnered considerable attention due to their thermoresponsive behavior, biocompatibility, ease of preparation, and possible incorporation of different anticancer agents. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels based on poloxamers and their physicochemical and biological characterization. It also includes a summary of these hydrogel applications in local cancer therapies using chemotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camila Marques
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Amaral
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Sadhukhan P, Seiwert TY. The role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and tumor metabolism. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:187-201. [PMID: 37002376 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and plasticity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) make it difficult to fully understand the intratumoral regulation of different cell types and their activities. Macrophages play a crucial role in the signaling dynamics of the TME. Among the different subtypes of macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with poor prognosis, although some subtypes of TAMs can at the same time improve treatment responsiveness and lead to favorable clinical outcomes. TAMs are key regulators of cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor metabolism, and importantly immunosuppression in the TME by modulating various chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. TAMs have been identified as a key contributor to resistance to chemotherapy and cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, we aim to discuss the mechanisms by which TAMs regulate innate and adaptive immune signaling in the TME and summarize recent preclinical research on the development of therapeutics targeting TAMs and tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sadhukhan
- Johns Hopkins University, Skip Viragh Outpatient Cancer Building, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Tanguy Y Seiwert
- Johns Hopkins University, Skip Viragh Outpatient Cancer Building, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Huang L, Ge X, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang Z. The Role of Toll-like Receptor Agonists and Their Nanomedicines for Tumor Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061228. [PMID: 35745800 PMCID: PMC9230510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that play a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa) as vaccine adjuvant candidates have become one of the recent research hotspots in the cancer immunomodulatory field. Nevertheless, numerous current systemic deliveries of TLRa are inappropriate for clinical adoption due to their low efficiency and systemic adverse reactions. TLRa-loaded nanoparticles are capable of ameliorating the risk of immune-related toxicity and of strengthening tumor suppression and eradication. Herein, we first briefly depict the patterns of TLRa, followed by the mechanism of agonists at those targets. Second, we summarize the emerging applications of TLRa-loaded nanomedicines as state-of-the-art strategies to advance cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, we outline perspectives related to the development of nanomedicine-based TLRa combined with other therapeutic modalities for malignancies immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Li
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
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6
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Recent advances in immunotherapy, immunoadjuvant, and nanomaterial-based combination immunotherapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Bhagchandani S, Johnson JA, Irvine DJ. Evolution of Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist therapeutics and their delivery approaches: From antiviral formulations to vaccine adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113803. [PMID: 34058283 PMCID: PMC9003539 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoquinoline derivatives (IMDs) and related compounds function as synthetic agonists of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) and one is FDA approved for topical antiviral and skin cancer treatments. Nevertheless, these innate immune system-activating drugs have potentially much broader therapeutic utility; they have been pursued as antitumor immunomodulatory agents and more recently as candidate vaccine adjuvants for cancer and infectious disease. The broad expression profiles of TLR7/8, poor pharmacokinetic properties of IMDs, and toxicities associated with systemic administration, however, are formidable barriers to successful clinical translation. Herein, we review IMD formulations that have advanced to the clinic and discuss issues related to biodistribution and toxicity that have hampered the further development of these compounds. Recent strategies aimed at enhancing safety and efficacy, particularly through the use of bioconjugates and nanoparticle formulations that alter pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and cellular targeting, are described. Finally, key aspects of the biology of TLR7 signaling, such as TLR7 tolerance, that may need to be considered in the development of new IMD therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Bhagchandani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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8
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Varshney D, Qiu SY, Graf TP, McHugh KJ. Employing Drug Delivery Strategies to Overcome Challenges Using TLR7/8 Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:90. [PMID: 34181117 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a potential target for cancer immunotherapy due to their role in the activation of the innate immune system. More specifically, TLR7 and TLR8, two structurally similar pattern recognition receptors that trigger interferon and cytokine responses, have proven to be therapeutically relevant targets for cancer in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. When triggered by an agonist, such as imiquimod or resiquimod, the TLR7/8 activation pathway induces cellular and humoral immune responses that can kill cancer cells with high specificity. Unfortunately, TLR7/8 agonists also present a number of issues that must be overcome prior to broad clinical implementation, such as poor drug solubility and systemic toxic effects. To overcome the key limitations of TLR7/8 agonists as a cancer therapy, biomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been developed. These delivery devices are highly diverse in their design and include systems that can be directly administered to the tumor, passively accumulated in relevant cancerous and lymph tissues, triggered by environmental stimuli, or actively targeted to specific physiological areas and cellular populations. In addition to improved delivery systems, recent studies have also demonstrated the potential benefits of TLR7/8 agonist co-delivery with other types of therapies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and chemotherapeutics, which can yield impressive anti-cancer effects. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of TLR7/8 agonist delivery systems and provide perspective on promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Varshney
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Sherry Yue Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Tyler P Graf
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
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9
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Gorbet MJ, Singh A, Mao C, Fiering S, Ranjan A. Using nanoparticles for in situ vaccination against cancer: mechanisms and immunotherapy benefits. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:18-33. [PMID: 33426995 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1802519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy to treat cancer is now an established clinical approach. Immunotherapy can be applied systemically, as done with checkpoint blockade antibodies, but it can also be injected directly into identified tumors, in a strategy of in situ vaccination (ISV). ISV is designed to stimulate a strong local antitumor immune response involving both innate and adaptive immune cells, and through this generate a systemic antitumor immune response against metastatic tumors. A variety of ISVs have been utilized to generate an immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment (TME). These include attenuated microorganisms, recombinant proteins, small molecules, physical disruptors of TME (alternating magnetic and focused ultrasound heating, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy), and more recently nanoparticles (NPs). NPs are attractive and unique since they can load multiple drugs or other reagents to influence immune and cancer cell functions in the TME, affording a unique opportunity to stimulate antitumor immunity. Here, we describe the NP-ISV therapeutic mechanisms, review chemically synthesized NPs (i.e., liposomes, polymeric, chitosan-based, inorganic NPs, etc.), biologically derived NPs (virus and bacteria-based NPs), and energy-activated NP-ISVs in the context of their use as local ISV. Data suggests that NP-ISVs can enhance outcomes of immunotherapeutic regimens including those utilizing tumor hyperthermia and checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akansha Singh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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10
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Man RJ, Jeelani N, Zhou C, Yang YS. Recent Progress in the Development of Quinoline Derivatives for the Exploitation of Anti-Cancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:825-838. [PMID: 32416703 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200516150345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with the progress in medicine and therapies, the exploitation of anti-cancer agents focused more on the vital signaling pathways and key biological macromolecules. With rational design and advanced synthesis, quinoline derivatives have been utilized frequently in medicinal chemistry, especially in developing anti-cancer drugs or candidates. METHODS Using DOI searching, articles published before 2020 all over the world have been reviewed as comprehensively as possible. RESULTS In this review, we selected the representative quinoline derivate drugs in market or clinical trials, classified them into five major categories with detailed targets according to their main mechanisms, discussed the relationship within the same mechanism, and generated a summative discussion with prospective expectations. For each mechanism, the introduction of the target was presented, with the typical examples of quinoline derivate drugs. CONCLUSION This review has highlighted the quinoline drugs or candidates, suited them into corresponding targets in their pathways, summarized and discussed. We hope that this review may help the researchers who are interested in discovering quinoline derivate anti-cancer agents obtain considerable understanding of this specific topic. Through the flourishing period and the vigorous strategies in clinical trials, quinoline drugs would be potential but facing new challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Jun Man
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Nasreen Jeelani
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chongchen Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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De Lombaerde E, De Wever O, De Geest BG. Delivery routes matter: Safety and efficacy of intratumoral immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188526. [PMID: 33617921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer immunotherapeutic agents, including the monoclonal immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokines and immunostimulatory mRNA are commonly administrated by the intravenous route. Unfortunately, this route is prone to inducing, often life-threatening, side effects through accumulation of these immunotherapeutic agents at off-target tissues. Moreover, additional biological barriers need to be overcome before reaching the tumor microenvironment. By contrast, direct intratumoral injection allows for accomplishing local immune activation and multiple (pre)clinical studies have demonstrated decreased systemic toxicity, improved efficacy as well as abscopal effects. The approval of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) as first approved intratumoral oncolytic virotherapy has fueled the interest to study intensively other immunotherapeutic approaches in preclinical models as well as in clinical context. Moreover, it has been shown that intratumoral administration of immunostimulatory agents successfully synergizes with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Here we review the current state of the art in (pre)clinical intratumoral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily De Lombaerde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Wang Y, Yang H, Li H, Zhao S, Zeng Y, Zhang P, Lin X, Sun X, Wang L, Fu G, Gao Y, Wang P, Gao D. Development of a novel TLR8 agonist for cancer immunotherapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:6. [PMID: 35006413 PMCID: PMC8607422 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of proteins that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Their primary function is to activate innate immune responses while also involved in facilitating adaptive immune responses. Different TLRs exert distinct functions by activating varied immune cascades. Several TLRs are being pursued as cancer drug targets. We discovered a novel, highly potent and selective small molecule TLR8 agonist DN052. DN052 exhibited strong in vitro cellular activity with EC50 at 6.7 nM and was highly selective for TLR8 over other TLRs including TLR4, 7 and 9. DN052 displayed excellent in vitro ADMET and in vivo PK profiles. DN052 potently inhibited tumor growth as a single agent. Moreover, combination of DN052 with the immune checkpoint inhibitor, selected targeted therapeutics or chemotherapeutic drugs further enhanced efficacy of single agents. Mechanistically, treatment with DN052 resulted in strong induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ex vivo human PBMC assay and in vivo monkey study. GLP toxicity studies in rats and monkeys demonstrated favorable safety profile. This led to the advancement of DN052 into phase 1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Wang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Heping Yang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huanping Li
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuda Zhao
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yikun Zeng
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lin
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guangliang Fu
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaqiao Gao
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daxin Gao
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
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13
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Vohidov F, Milling LE, Chen Q, Zhang W, Bhagchandani S, Nguyen HVT, Irvine DJ, Johnson JA. ABC triblock bottlebrush copolymer-based injectable hydrogels: design, synthesis, and application to expanding the therapeutic index of cancer immunochemotherapy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5974-5986. [PMID: 34094088 PMCID: PMC8159417 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottlebrush copolymers are a versatile class of macromolecular architectures with broad applications in the fields of drug delivery, self-assembly, and polymer networks. Here, the modular nature of graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is exploited to synthesize "ABC" triblock bottlebrush copolymers (TBCs) from polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macromonomers. Due to the hydrophobicity of their PLA domains, these TBCs self-assemble in aqueous media at room temperature to yield uniform ∼100 nm micelles that can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic agents. Heating these micellar solutions above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM (∼32 °C) induces the rapid formation of multi-compartment hydrogels with PLA and PNIPAM domains acting as physical crosslinks. Following the synthesis and characterization of these materials in vitro, TBC micelles loaded with various biologically active small molecules were investigated as injectable hydrogels for sustained drug release in vivo. Specifically, intratumoral administration of TBCs containing paclitaxel and resiquimod-the latter a potent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist-into mice bearing subcutaneous CT26 tumors resulted in a significantly enhanced therapeutic index compared to the administration of these two drugs alone. This effect is attributed to the TBC hydrogel maintaining a high local drug concentration, thus reducing systemic immune activation and local inflammation. Collectively, this work represents, to our knowledge, the first example of thermally-responsive TBCs designed for multi-compartment hydrogel formation, establishing these materials as versatile scaffolds for self-assembly and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Lauren E Milling
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Sachin Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139 USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
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14
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Xu W, Atkinson VG, Menzies AM. Intratumoural immunotherapies in oncology. Eur J Cancer 2020; 127:1-11. [PMID: 31962197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the standard of care for many tumours, the majority of patients fail to achieve sustained benefit, often owing to the lack of a T-cell inflamed tumour microenvironment (TME). Directly injected intratumoural therapies present a potential strategy to induce T-cell inflammation and convert a 'cold' immune-inert TME into a 'hot' immune-inflamed TME. Various approaches including chemoablation, oncolytic viral therapy, cytokines and agents targeting innate immunity such as Toll-like receptor agonists and stimulator of interferon genes agonists are in clinical development. Thus far, melanoma has led the way in intratumoural drug development owing to its relative immunogenicity and propensity for cutaneous metastasis easily amenable to injections. However, intratumoural therapies are moving to other tumour types and advances in endoscopic and interventional radiological techniques are allowing these agents to be injected into visceral lesions. This review provides an overview of the current status of intratumoural therapies in oncology, as well as future directions regarding therapeutic niches and appropriate trial design for intratumoural agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Victoria G Atkinson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland, Australia; Greenslopes Private Hospital, Cyril Gilbert Cancer Centre, Greenslopes, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Agrawal S, Kandimalla ER. Intratumoural immunotherapy: activation of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:15-23. [PMID: 35757301 PMCID: PMC9216656 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has become clear that the tumour microenvironment (TME) is important in cancer immunotherapy. While immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective for some patients, the heterogeneous nature and status of the TME (‘cold’ tumours) play a critical role in suppressing antitumour immunity in non-responding patients. Converting ‘cold’ to ‘hot’ tumours through modulation of the TME may enable expansion of the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy to a broader patient population. This paper describes advances in intratumoural immunotherapy, specifically activation of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors to modulate the TME. Intratumoural immunotherapy to modulate the tumour microenvironment. Use of novel immunostimulatory agents which activate nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors. Harnessing innate and adaptive immunity induced by receptor-mediated immune cascade. Intratumoural therapy leads to local and anenestic tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Agrawal
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Worcester, USA
- ARNAY Sciences LLC, Shrewsbury, USA
- Corresponding author. Sudhir Agrawal, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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16
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Mullins SR, Vasilakos JP, Deschler K, Grigsby I, Gillis P, John J, Elder MJ, Swales J, Timosenko E, Cooper Z, Dovedi SJ, Leishman AJ, Luheshi N, Elvecrog J, Tilahun A, Goodwin R, Herbst R, Tomai MA, Wilkinson RW. Intratumoral immunotherapy with TLR7/8 agonist MEDI9197 modulates the tumor microenvironment leading to enhanced activity when combined with other immunotherapies. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:244. [PMID: 31511088 PMCID: PMC6739946 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) promotes adaptive immunity and tumor regression in some cancer patients. However, in patients with immunologically “cold” tumors, tumor-resident innate immune cell activation may be required to prime an adaptive immune response and so exploit the full potential of ICB. Whilst Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been used topically to successfully treat some superficial skin tumors, systemic TLR agonists have not been well-tolerated. Methods The response of human immune cells to TLR7 and 8 agonism was measured in primary human immune cell assays. MEDI9197 (3M-052) was designed as a novel lipophilic TLR7/8 agonist that is retained at the injection site, limiting systemic exposure. Retention of the TLR7/8 agonist at the site of injection was demonstrated using quantitative whole-body autoradiography, HPLC-UV, and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Pharmacodynamic changes on T cells from TLR7/8 agonist treated B16-OVA tumors was assessed by histology, quantitative real time PCR, and flow cytometry. Combination activity of TLR7/8 agonism with immunotherapies was assessed in vitro by human DC-T cell MLR assay, and in vivo using multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models. Results Targeting both TLR7 and 8 triggers an innate and adaptive immune response in primary human immune cells, exemplified by secretion of IFNα, IL-12 and IFNγ. In contrast, a STING or a TLR9 agonist primarily induces release of IFNα. We demonstrate that the TLR7/8 agonist, MEDI9197, is retained at the sight of injection with limited systemic exposure. This localized TLR7/8 agonism leads to Th1 polarization, enrichment and activation of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells, and inhibition of tumor growth in multiple syngeneic models. The anti-tumor activity of this TLR7/8 agonist is enhanced when combined with T cell-targeted immunotherapies in pre-clinical models. Conclusion Localized TLR7/8 agonism can enhance recruitment and activation of immune cells in tumors and polarize anti-tumor immunity towards a Th1 response. Moreover, we demonstrate that the anti-tumor effects of this TLR7/8 agonist can be enhanced through combination with checkpoint inhibitors and co-stimulatory agonists. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0724-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie R Mullins
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - John P Vasilakos
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, 3M Center Bldg 260-3A-14, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Katharina Deschler
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Iwen Grigsby
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, 3M Center Bldg 260-3A-14, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Pete Gillis
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, 3M Center Bldg 260-3A-14, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Julius John
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, 3M Center Bldg 260-3A-14, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Matthew J Elder
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - John Swales
- R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elina Timosenko
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Zachary Cooper
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Simon J Dovedi
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Andrew J Leishman
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Nadia Luheshi
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - James Elvecrog
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, 3M Center Bldg 260-3A-14, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Ashenafi Tilahun
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, 3M Center Bldg 260-3A-14, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Richard Goodwin
- R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ronald Herbst
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Mark A Tomai
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, 3M Center Bldg 260-3A-14, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Robert W Wilkinson
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
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17
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Lynn GM, Laga R, Jewell CM. Induction of anti-cancer T cell immunity by in situ vaccination using systemically administered nanomedicines. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:192-203. [PMID: 31185250 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inadequate anti-cancer T cell responses experience limited benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies that require T cells. Therefore, treatments that induce de novo anti-cancer T cell immunity are needed. One strategy - referred to as in situ vaccination - is to deliver chemotherapeutic or immunostimulatory drugs into tumors to promote cancer cell death and provide a stimulatory environment for priming T cells against antigens already present in the tumor. However, achieving sufficient drug concentrations in tumors without causing dose-limiting toxicities remains a major challenge. To address this challenge, nanomedicines based on nano-sized carriers ('nanocarriers') of chemotherapeutics and immunostimulants are being developed to improve drug accumulation in tumors following systemic (intravenous) administration. Herein, we present the rationale for using systemically administrable nanomedicines to induce anti-cancer T cell immunity via in situ vaccination and provide an overview of synthetic nanomedicines currently used clinically. We also describe general strategies for improving nanomedicine design to increase tumor uptake, including use of micelle- and star polymer-based nanocarriers. We conclude with perspectives for how nanomedicine properties, host factors and treatment combinations can be leveraged to maximize efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Lynn
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, Room 5110, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Avidea Technologies, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark Hall, Room 5110, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, A. James Clark Hall, Room 5110, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Executive Office, Suite N9E17, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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18
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Lu R, Groer C, Kleindl PA, Moulder KR, Huang A, Hunt JR, Cai S, Aires DJ, Berkland C, Forrest ML. Formulation and preclinical evaluation of a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist as an anti-tumoral immunomodulator. J Control Release 2019; 306:165-176. [PMID: 31173789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist Resiquimod (R848) has been recognized as a promising immunostimulator for the treatment of cutaneous cancers in multiple clinical trials. However, systemic administration of R848 often results in strong immune-related toxicities while having limited therapeutic effects to the tumor. In the present study, a prodrug-based nanocarrier delivery system was developed that exhibited high therapeutic efficiency. R848 was conjugated to α-tocopherol to constitute an R848-Toco prodrug, followed by formulating with a tocopherol-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Toco) as a polymeric nano-suspension. In vitro evaluation showed that the delivery system prolonged the release kinetics while maintaining TLR agonist activities. When administered subcutaneously, the nano-suspension formed a depot at the injection site, inducing localized immune responses without systemic expansion. This formulation also suppressed tumor growth and recruited immune cells to the tumor in a murine model of head and neck cancer. In a preclinical canine study of spontaneous mast cell tumors, the treatment led to a 67% response rate (three partial remissions and one complete remission).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Chad Groer
- HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - K Ryan Moulder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jordan R Hunt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Aires
- HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; Division of Dermatology, School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America.
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19
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Lei K, Tang L. Surgery-free injectable macroscale biomaterials for local cancer immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:733-749. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Up-to-date review and perspective on injectable macroscale biomaterials for local cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Lei
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering
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20
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Guinn ZP, Petro TM. IFN-γ synergism with poly I:C reduces growth of murine and human cancer cells with simultaneous changes in cell cycle and immune checkpoint proteins. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:1-9. [PMID: 30205169 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that IFN-γ and poly I:C, a TLR3 Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) agonist, reduces growth of and induces Cleaved-Caspase-3, ISG54 and p27Kip in B16 melanoma cells. Here, analysis of IFN-γ/PRR synergism was expanded with UM-SCC1 and UM-SCC38 human squamous carcinoma cells and other PRR agonists. As in B16 cells, poly I:C plus IFN-γ synergism reduced UM-SCC1 and UM-SCC38 growth, and no more than 24 h was needed for significant growth reduction. IFN-γ synergism to stem B16 growth also occurred with TLR7, TLR9, TLR4, and STING agonists, but not TLR2 agonist. IFN-γ synergized with TLR3 and TLR4 agonists reducing UM-SCC1 growth, and with TLR7 and TLR3 agonists reducing UM-SCC38 growth. IFN-γ plus poly I:C, which had the most pronounced effect, decreased cyclin-D1, increased G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased Cleaved caspase-3 in B16 cells, as well as RAW264.7, a virus-transformed murine macrophage cell line. Finally, IFN-γ plus poly I:C modulated total but not cell surface expression of immune checkpoint protein PD-L1, as well as cell cycle checkpoint proteins in B16 cells. Thus IFN-γ plus poly I:C, and other PRR agonists, may well be effective adjuvants to cancer immunotherapy against several tumor cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Guinn
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Thomas M Petro
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA.
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21
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Fakhari A, Corcoran M, Schwarz A. Thermogelling properties of purified poloxamer 407. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00390. [PMID: 28920092 PMCID: PMC5576961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poloxamers are triblock copolymers with a center block of hydrophobic polypropylene oxide (PPO) flanked by two hydrophilic polyethyleneoxide (PEO) blocks. Among this family of copolymers, poloxamer 407 is a non-ionic surfactant with reversible gelation properties above a particular polymer concentration and a particular temperature. Easy preparation of poloxamer 407 based sterile injectable formulations have made this copolymer a good candidate for drug delivery, specifically when controlled release of the drug is required. Previously, the applications of compendial poloxamer 407 preparations were demonstrated; however, low viscosity, poor elasticity, and sol-to-gel transition temperature (Tsol-gel) over a wide temperature range were observed. A purification process was introduced to eliminate impurities and low molecular weight copolymer molecules from the compendial poloxamer 407 resulting in higher viscosity values with Tsol-gel in a narrow temperature range. Here, poloxamer 407 was purified based on the proposed process and the rheological and analytical evaluation of the purified poloxamer 407 was conducted and compared to unpurified, compendial poloxamer 407. Then, the impact of poloxamer 407 concentration on gel formation was evaluated. For drug delivery applications, the effect of relevant buffer salts and the effect of addition of ethanol to the poloxamer 407 solutions were rheologically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fakhari
- Corresponding author at: 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, United States.
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