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Telange DR, Bhaktani NM, Hemke AT, Pethe AM, Agrawal SS, Rarokar NR, Jain SP. Development and Characterization of Pentaerythritol-EudragitRS100 Co-processed Excipients as Solid Dispersion Carriers for Enhanced Aqueous Solubility, In Vitro Dissolution, and Ex Vivo Permeation of Atorvastatin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25195-25208. [PMID: 37483203 PMCID: PMC10357539 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATV), a lipid-lowering agent, has low oral bioavailability due to its poor water solubility, permeability, and low dissolution rate. Therefore, pentaerythritol-EudragitRS100 co-processed excipients (PECE) were synthesized, and their feasibility as solid dispersion carriers (ATV-PECE-SD) for improving the solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate of ATV was explored. Solid dispersions were assessed in terms of particle size and zeta potential, and solubility, in vitro dissolution, and ex vivo permeation studies were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used as characterization tools. ATV-PECE-SD3 (1:4) formulations exhibited a small particle size with high stability. Physicochemical evaluation evidenced the formation of solid dispersion due to the involvement of weak electrostatic interaction between the polar functional groups of ATV and PECE carriers. ATV-PECE-SD3 (1:4) significantly enhanced the water solubility by ∼43-fold compared to pure ATV. In vitro dissolution studies showed that optimized formulation enhanced the dissolution rate of ATV compared to pure ATV. Ex vivo permeation results revealed that ATV-PECE-SD3 (1:4) enhanced the permeation rate of ATV compared to pure ATV. The optimized formulations significantly improved the dissolution rate of ATV in the fed state due to the food effect and micelle formation mechanism compared to the fasted state. The study concludes that co-processed excipients could be used as promising solid dispersion carriers to enhance the aqueous solubility, permeability, and dissolution rate of ATV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan R. Telange
- Datta
Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education
and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha 442002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha M. Bhaktani
- Smt.
Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul T. Hemke
- Smt.
Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil M. Pethe
- Datta
Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education
and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha 442002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surendra S. Agrawal
- Datta
Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education
and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha 442002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh R. Rarokar
- Rashtrasant
Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaik Shanik Parisar, University Campus, Amravati
Road, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shirish P. Jain
- Rajarshi
Shahu College of Pharmacy, Malvihir, Buldana 443001, Maharashtra, India
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Sanchez-Ballester NM, Trens P, Rossi JC, Soulairol I. Alginate ester: New moisture-scavenging excipients for direct compressible pharmaceutical tableting. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Layer-by-Layer Fabrication of PAH/PAMAM/Nano-CaCO3 Composite Films and Characterization for Enhanced Biocompatibility. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:6331465. [PMID: 36105714 PMCID: PMC9467823 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6331465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle production and functionalization for various biomedical uses are still challenging. Polymer composites constituted of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles have good biocompatibility with physiological tissue and fluids, making them excellent candidates for biomedical applications. This study investigated the characteristics of polymeric/nano-CaCO3 composite films based on a PAH/PAMAM matrix, which were fabricated through layer-by-layer synthesis on quartz glass substrates. It was found that the as-prepared elastic moduli of the resultant (PAH/PAMAM)n-CaCO3 (where n represents the number of bilayers) composite films varied from 1.40 to 23.70 GPa for different degrees of cross-linking when 0.1 M nano-CaCO3 particles were incorporated into the polymer matrix. The highly cross-linked (PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3 composite film had the highest recorded elastic modulus of 23.70 GPa, while it was observed that for all the composite films fabricated for the present study, the addition of the nano-CaCO3 particles approximately doubled the elastic modulus regardless of the degree of polymerization. Live/Dead assays were used to determine whether the produced composite films were compatible with human lung fibroblast cells. The findings indicate that the (PAH/PAMAM)7.5-CaCO3 composite film had the most positive effect on cell growth and proliferation, with the (PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3 composite film demonstrating significant ion transport behavior with low impedance, which was considered good for in vivo rapid cell-to-cell communication. Therefore, the (PAH/PAMAM)7.5-CaCO3 and (PAH/PAMAM)15-CaCO3 composite films are potential tissue engineering biomaterials, but further studies are essential to generate more data to evaluate the suitability of these composites for this and other biomedical functions.
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Performance Evaluation of a Novel Biosourced Co-Processed Excipient in Direct Compression and Drug Release. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060988. [PMID: 33807048 PMCID: PMC8004800 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study exposes the potential usefulness of a new co-processed excipient, composed of alginic acid and microcrystalline cellulose (Cop AA-MCC), for the preparation of immediate drug release tablets by direct compression. Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties as well as the disintegration behavior of Cop AA-MCC in comparison to commercial co-processed excipients (Cellactose®, Ludipress®, Prosolv® SMCC HD90 and Prosolv® ODT) and to the physical mixture of the native excipients (MCC and AA), was carried out. The obtained results illustrate the good performance of Cop AA-MCC in terms of powder flowability, tablet tensile strength, compressibility, and disintegration time. Although, this new co-processed excipient showed a slightly high lubricant sensitivity, which was explained by its more plastic than fragmentary deformation behavior, it presented a low lubricant requirement due to the remarkably low ejection force observed during compression. Compression speed and dwell time seemed not to affect significantly the tabletability of Cop AA-MCC. The study exposed evenly the performance of Cop AA-MCC compared to Prosolv® ODT, in terms of tabletability and dissolution rate of Melatonin. Cop AA-MCC presented comparable hardness, lower dilution potential, higher lubricant sensitivity, lower ejection force, and faster Melatonin's release time than Prosolv® ODT. In summary, Cop AA-MCC exhibited interesting physical, mechanical, and biopharmaceutical properties, which demonstrate its concurrence to commercially available co-processed excipients. Furthermore, the simplicity of its composition and the scalability of its elaboration makes this multifunctional excipient highly recommended for direct compression.
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Berardi A, Bisharat L, Quodbach J, Abdel Rahim S, Perinelli DR, Cespi M. Advancing the understanding of the tablet disintegration phenomenon - An update on recent studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120390. [PMID: 33607196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Disintegration is the de-aggregation of particles within tablets upon exposure to aqueous fluids. Being an essential step in the bioavailability cascade, disintegration is a fundamental quality attribute of immediate release tablets. Although the disintegration phenomenon has been studied for over six decades, some gaps of knowledge and research questions still exist. Three reviews, published in 2015, 2016 and 2017, have discussed the literature relative to tablet disintegration and summarised the understanding of this topic. Yet, since then more studies have been published, adding to the established body of knowledge. This article guides a step forward towards the comprehension of disintegration by reviewing, concisely, the most recent scientific updates on this topic. Initially, we revisit the mechanisms of disintegration with relation to the three most used superdisintegrants, namely sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone. Then, the influence of formulation, storage, manufacturing and media conditions on disintegration is analysed. This is followed by an excursus on novel disintegrants. Finally, we highlight unanswered research questions and envision future research venues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan.
| | - Lorina Bisharat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Safwan Abdel Rahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Diego R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Influence of Chitin Source and Polymorphism on Powder Compression and Compaction: Application in Drug Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225269. [PMID: 33198143 PMCID: PMC7697224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the research reported herein is to compare the compaction properties of three different chitin extracts from the organisms most used in the seafood industry; namely crabs, shrimps and squids. The foregoing is examined in relation to their polymorphic forms as well as compression and compaction behavior. Chitin extracted from crabs and shrimps exhibits the α-polymorphic form whilst chitin extracted from squid pins displays a β-polymorphic form. These polymorphs were characterized using FTIR, X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Pore diameter and volume differ between the two polymorphic powder forms. The β form is smaller in pore diameter and volume. Scanning electron microscopy of the two polymorphic forms shows clear variation in the arrangement of chitin layers such that the α form appears more condensed due to the anti-parallel arrangement of the polymer chains. True, bulk and tapped densities of these polymorphs and their mixtures indicated poor flowability. Nevertheless, compression and compaction properties obtained by applying Heckle and Kawakita analyses indicated that both polymorphs are able to be compacted with differences in the extent of compaction. Chitin compacts, regardless of their origin, showed a very high crushing strength with very fast dissolution which makes them suitable for use as fast mouth dissolving tablets. Moreover, when different chitin powders are granulated with two model drugs, i.e., metronidazole and spiramycin they yielded high crushing strength and their dissolution profiles were in accordance with compendial requirements. It is concluded that the source of chitin extraction is as important as the polymorphic form when compression and compaction of chitin powders is carried out.
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Abu Fara D, Al-Hmoud L, Rashid I, Chowdhry BZ, Badwan A. Understanding the Performance of a Novel Direct Compression Excipient Comprising Roller Compacted Chitin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020115. [PMID: 32079246 PMCID: PMC7073602 DOI: 10.3390/md18020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin has been investigated in the context of finding new excipients suitable for direct compression, when subjected to roller compaction. Ball milling was concurrently carried out to compare effects from different energy or stress-inducing techniques. Samples of chitin powders (raw, processed, dried and humidified) were compared for variations in morphology, X-ray diffraction patterns, densities, FT-IR, flowability, compressibility and compactibility. Results confirmed the suitability of roller compaction to convert the fluffy powder of raw chitin to a bulky material with improved flow. X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that, in contrast to the high decrease in crystallinity upon ball milling, roller compaction manifested a slight deformation in the crystal lattice. Moreover, the new excipient showed high resistance to compression, due to the high compactibility of the granules formed. This was correlated to the significant extent of plastic deformation compared to the raw and ball milled forms of chitin. On the other hand, drying and humidification of raw and processed materials presented no added value to the compressibility and compactibility of the directly compressed excipient. Finally, compacted chitin showed direct compression similarity with microcrystalline cellulose when formulated with metronidazole (200 mg) without affecting the immediate drug release action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeb Abu Fara
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-799182424
| | - Linda Al-Hmoud
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Iyad Rashid
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Adnan Badwan
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (A.B.)
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Chaheen M, Bataille B, Yassine A, Belamie E, Sharkawi T. Development of Coprocessed Chitin-Calcium Carbonate as Multifunctional Tablet Excipient for Direct Compression, Part 2: Tableting Properties. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3319-3328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Impact of binder as a formulation variable on the material and tableting properties of developed co-processed excipients. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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