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Wang D, Li J, Chen K. Intact NMR Approach Quickly Reveals Synchronized Microstructural Changes in Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Formulations. AAPS J 2024; 26:78. [PMID: 38981948 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A soft-core oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion (NE) is composed of nanometer (nm) sized oil droplets, stabilized by a surfactant layer and dispersed in a continuous bulky water phase. Characterization of the o/w NE molecule arrangements non-invasively, particularly the drug phase distribution (DPD) and its correlation to oil globule size (OGS), remains a challenge. Here we demonstrated the analytical methods of intact 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 1H diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR for their specificity in measuring DPD and OGS, respectively, on three NE formulations containing the active ingredient difluprednate (DFPN) at the same concentration. The results illustrated synchronized molecular rearrangement reflected in the DPD and OGS upon alterations in formulation. Addition of surfactant resulted in a higher DPD in the surfactant layer, and concomitantly smaller OGS. Mechanic perturbation converted most of the NE globules to the smaller thermodynamically stable microemulsion (ME) globules, changing both DPD and OGS to ME phase. These microstructure changes were not observed using 1D 1H NMR; and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was only sensitive to OGS of ME globule in mechanically perturbed formulation. Collectively, the study illustrated the specificity and essential role of intact NMR methods in measuring the critical microstructure attributes of soft-core NE systems quickly, accurately, and non-invasively. Therefore, the selected NMR approach can be a unique diagnostic tool of molecular microstructure or Q3 property in o/w NE formulation development, and quality assurance after manufacture process or excipient component changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Wang
- Division of Liquid Based Products II, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Jiayi Li
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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2
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Sahaka M, Bornet O, Marchand A, Lafont D, Gontero B, Carrière F, Launay H. Monitoring galactolipid digestion and simultaneous changes in lipid-bile salt micellar organization by real-time NMR spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105361. [PMID: 37981224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy for studying lipid digestion in vitro most often consists of quantifying lipolysis products after they have been extracted from the reaction medium using organic solvents. However, the current sensitivity level of NMR spectrometers makes possible to avoid the extraction step and continuously quantify the lipids directly in the reaction medium. We used real-time 1H NMR spectroscopy and guinea pig pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (GPLRP2) as biocatalyst to monitor in situ the lipolysis of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) in the form of mixed micelles with the bile salt sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC). Residual substrate and lipolysis products (monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol (MGMG); monogalactosylglycerol (MGG) and octanoic acid (OA) were simultaneously quantified throughout the reaction thanks to specific proton resonances. Lipolysis was complete with the release of all MGDG fatty acids. These results were confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and densitometry after lipid extraction at different reaction times. Using diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), we could also estimate the diffusion coefficients of all the reaction compounds and deduce the hydrodynamic radius of the lipid aggregates in which they were present. It was shown that MGDG-NaTDC mixed micelles with an initial hydrodynamic radius rH of 7.3 ± 0.5 nm were changed into smaller micelles of NaTDC-MGDG-MGMG of 2.3 ± 0.5 nm in the course of the lipolysis reaction, and finally into NaTDC-OA mixed micelles (rH of 2.9 ± 0.5 nm) and water soluble MGG. These results provide a better understanding of the digestion of galactolipids by PLRP2, a process that leads to the complete micellar solubilisation of their fatty acids and renders their intestinal absorption possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Bornet
- NMR Platform, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Achille Marchand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Lafont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-GLYCO, ICBMS UMR 5246, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, bâtiment Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Hélène Launay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Wang K, Chen K. Direct Assessment of Oligomerization of Chemically Modified Peptides and Proteins in Formulations using DLS and DOSY-NMR. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1329-1339. [PMID: 36627448 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein higher order structure (HOS) including the oligomer distribution can be critical for efficacy, safety and stability of drug products (DP). Oligomerization is particularly relevant to chemically modified protein therapeutics that have an extended pharmacokinetics profile. Therefore, the direct assessment of protein oligomerization in drug formulation is desired for quality assurance and control. METHODS Here, two non-invasive methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR, were applied to measure translational diffusion coefficients (Ddls and Dnmr) of proteins in formulated drug products. The hydrodynamic molecular weights (MWhd), similar to hydrodynamic size, of protein therapeutics were derived based on a log(Ddls) vs log(MWhd) correlation model established using protein standards. RESULTS An exponent value of -0.40 ± 0.01 was established for DLS measured log(D) vs. log(MWhd) using protein standards and a theoretical exponent value of -0.6 was used for unstructured polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains. The analysis of DLS derived MWhd of the primary species showed the fatty acid linked glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was in different oligomer states, but the fatty acid linked insulin and PEG linked proteins were in monomer states. Nevertheless, equilibrium and exchange between oligomers in formulations were universal and clearly evidenced from DOSY-NMR for all drugs except peginterferon alfa-2a. CONCLUSION The correlation models of log(D) vs. log(MWhd) could be a quick and efficient way to predict MWhd of protein, which directly informs on the state of protein folding and oligomerization in formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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Wang D, Su Y, Chen K. Fast Dynamics of Difluprednate in Micelles or Swollen-Micelles Revealed by 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spin Relaxation Rates. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4837-4841. [PMID: 37193655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of molecular rotational dynamics is critical to interpret solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The observation of sharp solute NMR signals in micelles contradicted the surfactant viscosity effects noted in the Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) equation. Herein, the 19F spin relaxation rates of difluprednate (DFPN) drug dissolved in polysorbate-80 (PS-80) micelles and castor oil swollen micelles (s-micelle) were measured and adequately fit using an isotropic diffusion model based spectral density function. Despite the high viscosity of PS-80 and castor oil, the fitting results revealed fast 4 and 12 ns dynamics of DFPN in both micelle globules. The observation of the fast ns motion in the viscous surfactant/oil micelle phase demonstrated motion decoupling between solute molecules inside micelles and the micelle itself in an aqueous solution. These observations support the role of intermolecular interaction in governing the rotational dynamics of small molecules, versus the viscosity of the solvent molecules as defined in the SED equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Wang
- Division of Liquid Based Products II, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Wang K, Dai W, Qian K, Scott B, Chen K. A Precise qNMR Method for the Rapid Quantification of Lot-to-Lot Variations in Multiple Quality Attributes of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium. AAPS J 2023; 25:50. [PMID: 37147461 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is an orphan drug with anticoagulant activity. PPS is prepared from the chemical processing of xylan extracted from beechwood tree to yield a mixture of 4-6 kDa polysaccharides. The chain is mainly composed of sulfated xylose (Xyl) with branched 4-O-methyl-glucuronate (MGA). During generic drug development, the quality attributes (QAs) including monosaccharide composition, modification, and length need to be comparable to those found in the reference list drug (RLD). However, the range of QA variation of the RLD PPS has not been well characterized. Here, multiple PPS RLD lots were studied using quantitative NMR (qNMR) and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) to quantitate the components in the mixture and to probe both inter- and intra-lot precision variability. The DOSY precision assessed using coefficient of variation (CV) was 6%, comparable to PPS inter-lot CV of 5%. The QAs obtained from 1D qNMR were highly precise with a precision CV < 1%. The inter-lot MGA content was 4.8 ± 0.1%, indicating a very consistent botanical raw material source. Other process-related chemical modification including aldehyde at 0.51 ± 0.04%, acetylation at 3.3 ± 0.2% and pyridine at 2.08 ± 0.06%, varied more than MGA content. The study demonstrated that 1D qNMR is a quick and precise method to reveal ranges of variation in multiple attributes of RLD PPS which can be used to assess equivalency with generic formulations. Interestingly, the synthetic process appeared to introduce more variations to the PPS product than the botanical source of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Maryland, 20993, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Weixiang Dai
- Division of Lifecycle API, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Keduo Qian
- Division of Lifecycle API, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Barbara Scott
- Division of Lifecycle API, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Maryland, 20993, Silver Spring, USA.
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6
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Belenos A, Wood EL, Hu M, Kozak D, Xu X, Fisher AC. Product Quality Research for Developing and Assessing Regulatory Submissions for Generic Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsions. AAPS J 2023; 25:20. [PMID: 36702976 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Approval of the first generic 0.05% cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion (COE) in the U.S. represents a milestone achievement of the science and research program in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). COE is a locally acting complex drug product indicated to increase tear production in patients whose production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The path to approval required overcoming numerous scientific challenges to determining therapeutic equivalence to the reference listed drug. Researchers in CDER's Office of Pharmaceutical Quality and Office of Generic Drugs developed a quality by design approach to understand the effects of process and formulation variables on the product's critical quality attributes, including globule size distribution (GSD), turbidity, viscosity, zeta potential, surface tension, and osmolality. CDER researchers explored multiple techniques to perform physicochemical characterization and analyze the GSD including laser diffraction, nanoparticle tracking analysis, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, asymmetric field flow fractionation, and two-dimensional diffusion ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance. Biphasic models to study drug transfer kinetics demonstrated that COEs with qualitative and quantitative sameness and comparable GSDs, analyzed using earth mover's distance, can be therapeutic equivalents. This body of research facilitated the review and approval of the first U.S. generic COE. In addition, the methods and fundamental understanding developed from this research may support the development and assessment of other complex generics. The approval of a generic COE should improve the availability of this complex drug product to U.S. patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Belenos
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Erin Leigh Wood
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Meng Hu
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Darby Kozak
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Adam C Fisher
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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Ma J, Pathirana C, Liu DQ, Miller SA. NMR spectroscopy as a characterization tool enabling biologics formulation development. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 223:115110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fanova A, Hoffmann I, Prévost S, Tošner Z, Štěpánek M. Insight into the Structure of a Comb Copolymer–Surfactant Coacervate from Dynamic Measurements by DOSY NMR and Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Fanova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- NMR Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Štěpánek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Wang D, Park JH, Zheng J, Cai B, Keire DA, Chen K. Multiphase Drug Distribution and Exchange in Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Revealed by High-Resolution 19F qNMR. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2142-2150. [PMID: 35657300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion (NE), composed of oil globules, stabilized by a surfactant, and dispersed in an aqueous phase, is increasingly developed in complex drug formulation. Kinetically stable NEs are used to formulate hydrophobic drugs and typically provide higher dosage strengths and better content uniformity. However, little is known accurately about drug distribution in its multiphase solution, especially for the possible drug presence in the surfactant (s) phase, the interface layer between the dispersed oil (o) and the continuous water (w) phases. Here, high-resolution 19F quantitative NMR spectroscopy was applied directly and noninvasively on an o/w NE drug product containing difluprednate (DFPN). The well-resolved 19F peaks of DFPN depended on the shielding molecules in each phase, which revealed mass-balanced DFPN distribution in multiple phases of (w), (s), and (o) of NE globules at a quantity of 1.8 ± 0.1, 35 ± 2, and 59 ± 3% per labeled content, respectively. Furthermore, the dilution-dependent 19F peak line broadening and shift suggested a millisecond dynamic exchange between the NE and the less-noticed smaller but thermodynamically stable microemulsion (ME) globules in NE solution. The high-resolution NMR result revealed that the drug availability could be quickly achieved using an o/w NE formulation because of the drug multiphase distribution and the ME-assisted fast drug exchange among globules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Wang
- Northeast Medical Products Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, New York 11433, United States
| | - Jin H Park
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bing Cai
- Division of Liquid Based Products I, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - David A Keire
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Brouillard M, Barthélémy P, Dehay B, Crauste-Manciet S, Desvergnes V. Nucleolipid Acid-Based Nanocarriers Restore Neuronal Lysosomal Acidification Defects. Front Chem 2021; 9:736554. [PMID: 34490217 PMCID: PMC8417785 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.736554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that lysosomal dysfunction has a pathogenic role in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, an increase in lysosomal pH has been reported in different cellular models of Parkinson's disease. Thus, targeting lysosomes has emerged as a promising approach. More specifically, regulating its pH could play a central role against the neurodegeneration process. To date, only a few agents specifically targeting lysosomal pH are reported in the literature, partly due to the challenge of crossing the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB), preventing drug penetration into the central nervous system (CNS). To develop chronic treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, crossing the BBB is crucial. We report herein the conception and synthesis of an innovative DNA derivative-based nanocarrier. Nucleolipids, carrying a biocompatible organic acid as an active ingredient, were designed and synthesized as prodrugs. They were successfully incorporated into an oil-in-water nanoemulsion vehicle to cross biological membranes and then release effectively biocompatible acidic components to restore the functional lysosomal pH of neuronal cells. Biological assays on a genetic cell model of Parkinson's disease highlighted the non-toxicity of such nucleolipids after cellular uptake and their ability (at c = 40 µM) to fully restore lysosomal acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Dehay
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Crauste-Manciet
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France
- University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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NMR Spectroscopy for Protein Higher Order Structure Similarity Assessment in Formulated Drug Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144251. [PMID: 34299526 PMCID: PMC8307401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide and protein drug molecules fold into higher order structures (HOS) in formulation and these folded structures are often critical for drug efficacy and safety. Generic or biosimilar drug products (DPs) need to show similar HOS to the reference product. The solution NMR spectroscopy is a non-invasive, chemically and structurally specific analytical method that is ideal for characterizing protein therapeutics in formulation. However, only limited NMR studies have been performed directly on marketed DPs and questions remain on how to quantitively define similarity. Here, NMR spectra were collected on marketed peptide and protein DPs, including calcitonin-salmon, liraglutide, teriparatide, exenatide, insulin glargine and rituximab. The 1D 1H spectral pattern readily revealed protein HOS heterogeneity, exchange and oligomerization in the different formulations. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to two rituximab DPs showed consistent results with the previously demonstrated similarity metrics of Mahalanobis distance (DM) of 3.3. The 2D 1H-13C HSQC spectral comparison of insulin glargine DPs provided similarity metrics for chemical shift difference (Δδ) and methyl peak profile, i.e., 4 ppb for 1H, 15 ppb for 13C and 98% peaks with equivalent peak height. Finally, 2D 1H-15N sofast HMQC was demonstrated as a sensitive method for comparison of small protein HOS. The application of NMR procedures and chemometric analysis on therapeutic proteins offer quantitative similarity assessments of DPs with practically achievable similarity metrics.
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Vo A, Feng X, Smith WC, Zhu D, Patel M, Kozak D, Wang Y, Zheng J, Ashraf M, Xu X. Analyzing ophthalmic suspension particle size distributions using laser diffraction: Placebo background subtraction method. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120401. [PMID: 33636327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study demonstrated that the presence of excipients can interfere with the measurement of particle size distribution (PSD), a critical quality attribute of ophthalmic suspensions, by laser diffraction (LD) and that a placebo background subtraction approach can eliminate the impact of excipients on the PSD measurement. Commercially available loteprednol etabonate and brinzolamide ophthalmic suspensions were used as model suspensions. The impact of excipients in these formulations on the LD measurements was determined using a one-factor-at-a-time experimental design approach, using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable polystyrene particle size standards as references. Among the evaluated excipients, polymers containing polyacrylic acid were found to interfere with the PSD analysis by creating the LD signals correspond to particles ranging from a few micrometers to a hundred micrometers in size. As a result, the measured PSD of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles in the formulation overlapped with or superimposed on the excipient PSD signal, leading to erroneous interpretation of the API particle size. Additionally, dispersion of brinzolamide particles in unsaturated solutions led to rapid dissolution of brinzolamide particles during the measurement, resulting in underestimation of the particle size range. Here, a placebo background subtraction approach was developed to eliminate the interference of the excipients. This newly developed LD method was also evaluated using orthogonal methods, including polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The strategy used in this study to eliminate the interference of excipients may also be useful for other heterogeneous dispersions where excipient interference may be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Vo
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xin Feng
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - William C Smith
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Dongkai Zhu
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Mehulkumar Patel
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Darby Kozak
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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Patil SM, Qin B, Wang Y, Ahmed S, Yilmaz H, Jiang X, Keire DA, Chen K. A Real-Time NMR Method for Measurement of In Vitro Aggregation Kinetics Of Degarelix Drug Products. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:73. [PMID: 33586081 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Degarelix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist. Upon contact with physiological fluid, degarelix undergoes quick gelation and forms a depot at the site of injection providing sustained release. The molecular gelling kinetics is a critical physiochemical quality attribute of degarelix products that may impact drug delivery. However, high-resolution and drug substance (DS)-specific analytical methods for characterizing gelling kinetics of degarelix are still lacking. Accordingly, the current study focused on developing NMR-based methods to characterize in vitro initial aggregation of degarelix in Firmagon® drug product (DP). The high-precision real-time NMR method was demonstrated to quickly differentiate lot to lot differences in degarelix aggregation kinetics, and to reveal the effects of degarelix concentration, pH, salt, and temperature on the kinetics. The results could be useful for quality assurance of degarelix products and facilitate complex generic drug development. The real-time NMR method developed here could also be adopted to other complex DPs that have varied aggregation and release properties.
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Suh MS, Patil SM, Kozak D, Pang E, Choi S, Jiang X, Rodriguez JD, Keire DA, Chen K. An NMR Protocol for In Vitro Paclitaxel Release from an Albumin-Bound Nanoparticle Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:136. [PMID: 32419122 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension (marketed under the brand name Abraxane®) contains nanosized complexes of paclitaxel and albumin. The molecular interaction between paclitaxel and albumin within the higher-order nanostructure is analytically challenging to assess, as is any correlation of differences to differences in therapeutic effect. However, because the higher-order nanostructures may affect the paclitaxel release, a suitable in vitro assay to detect potential differences in paclitaxel release between comparator lots and products is desirable. Herein, solution NMR spectroscopy with a T2-filtering technique was developed to detect paclitaxel signal while suppressing albumin signals to follow the released paclitaxel in the NMR tube upon dilution. The non-invasive nature of NMR allows for precise measurement of a full range of dilution-induced drug release percentage from 14 to 92% without any sample extraction. The critical concentration of the drug product (DP) at 50% of release was 0.63 ± 0.04 mg/mL in PBS buffer. In addition, 2D diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) results revealed that the released paclitaxel experiencing slightly slowed diffusion rates than free paclitaxel, which was attributed to paclitaxel in equilibrium with albumin-bound states. Collectively, the dilution-based NMR method offered an analytical approach to investigate physicochemical attributes of complex injectable products with minimal needed sample preparation and perturbation to nanoparticle formulation.
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