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Dranca F, Mironeasa S. Hot-air drying vs. lyophilization of sugar beet flakes for efficient pectin recovery and influence of extraction conditions on pectin physicochemical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131063. [PMID: 38521297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of drying pretreatment and extraction conditions (type of acid and particle size of plant material) on the yield and physicochemical properties of pectin from sugar beet flakes resulted as by-product of sugar beet processing in the sugar industry. The results indicated that the drying conditions (hot-air drying and lyophilization) affected the extraction yield, the chemical composition of pectin, its color, degree of methylation and acetylation, molecular weight, and its rheological and emulsifying properties. The best results for pectin yield (16.20%), galacturonic acid content (91.19 g/100 g), degree of methylation and acetylation (66.93 and 23.87%), and molecular weight (3.89 × 105 g/mol) were obtained when sugar beet flakes were pretreated by hot-air drying, and the extraction was made with citric acid using plant material with particle sizes of 125-200 μm. This pectin also had high emulsion activity (51.42%) and emulsion stability (88.03%). The FT-IR spectra were similar, while pectin thermal behavior was affected by the drying pretreatment and extraction conditions. The results of this study showed that from this by-product of the sugar industry it can be extracted high quality pectin with rheological and emulsifying properties that are superior to commercial citrus and apple pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Dranca
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania.
| | - Silvia Mironeasa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania
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2
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Dauer K, Kayser K, Ellwanger F, Overbeck A, Kwade A, Karbstein HP, Wagner KG. Highly protein-loaded melt extrudates produced by small-scale ram and twin-screw extrusion - evaluation of extrusion process design on protein stability by experimental and numerical approaches. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100196. [PMID: 37448986 PMCID: PMC10336796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of generation, extent and location of thermomechanical stress in small-scale (< 3 g) ram and twin-screw melt-extrusion is crucial for mechanistic correlations to the stability of protein particles (lysozyme and BSA) in PEG-matrices. The aim of the study was to apply and correlate experimental and numerical approaches (1D and 3D) for the evaluation of extrusion process design on protein stability. The simulation of thermomechanical stress during extrusion raised the expectation of protein degradation and protein particle grinding during extrusion, especially when TSE was used. This was confirmed by experimental data on protein stability. Ram extrusion had the lowest impact on protein unfolding temperatures, whereas TSE showed significantly reduced unfolding temperatures, especially in combination with kneading elements containing screws. In TSE, the mechanical stress in the screws always exceeded the shear stress in the die, while mechanical stress within ram extrusion was generated in the die, only. As both extruder designs revealed homogeneously distributed protein particles over the cross section of the extrudates for all protein-loads (20-60%), the dispersive power of TSE revealed not to be decisive. Consequently, the ram extruder would be favored for the production of stable protein-loaded extrudates in small scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dauer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Kayser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Ellwanger
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Overbeck
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT) and Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT) and Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike P. Karbstein
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Flores-Contreras EA, Araújo RG, Rodríguez-Aguayo AA, Guzmán-Román M, García-Venegas JC, Nájera-Martínez EF, Sosa-Hernández JE, Iqbal HMN, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldivar R. Polysaccharides from the Sargassum and Brown Algae Genus: Extraction, Purification, and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2445. [PMID: 37447006 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae represent one of the most proliferative groups of living organisms in aquatic environments. Due to their abundance, they often cause problems in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in health problems in humans and the death of various aquatic species. To resolve this, the application of Sargassum has been sought in different research areas, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, since Sargassum is an easy target for study and simple to obtain. In addition, its high content of biocompounds, such as polysaccharides, phenols, and amino acids, among others, has attracted attention. One of the valuable components of brown macroalgae is their polysaccharides, which present interesting bioactivities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumoral, among others. There is a wide variety of methods of extraction currently used to obtain these polysaccharides, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), subcritical water extraction (SCWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Therefore, this work covers the most current information on the methods of extraction, as well as the purification used to obtain a polysaccharide from Sargassum that is able to be utilized as alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins. In addition, a compilation of bioactivities involving brown algae polysaccharides in in vivo and in vitro studies is also presented, along with challenges in the research and marketing of Sargassum-based products that are commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda A Flores-Contreras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Rafael G Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Muriel Guzmán-Román
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Erik Francisco Nájera-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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4
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Härdter N, Geidobler R, Presser I, Winter G. Accelerated Production of Biopharmaceuticals via Microwave-Assisted Freeze-Drying (MFD). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051342. [PMID: 37242584 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, attention has been drawn to microwave-assisted freeze-drying (MFD), as it drastically reduces the typically long drying times of biopharmaceuticals in conventional freeze-drying (CFD). Nevertheless, previously described prototype machines lack important attributes such as in-chamber freezing and stoppering, not allowing for the performance of representative vial freeze-drying processes. In this study, we present a new technical MFD setup, designed with GMP processes in mind. It is based on a standard lyophilizer equipped with flat semiconductor microwave modules. The idea was to enable the retrofitting of standard freeze-dryers with a microwave option, which would reduce the hurdles of implementation. We aimed to collect process data with respect to the speed, settings, and controllability of the MFD processes. Moreover, we studied the performance of six monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations in terms of quality after drying and stability after storage for 6 months. We found drying processes to be drastically shortened and well controllable and observed no signs of plasma discharge. The characterization of the lyophilizates revealed an elegant cake appearance and remarkably good stability in the mAb after MFD. Furthermore, overall storage stability was good, even when residual moisture was increased due to high concentrations of glass-forming excipients. A direct comparison of stability data following MFD and CFD demonstrated similar stability profiles. We conclude that the new machine design is highly advantageous, enabling the fast-drying of excipient-dominated, low-concentrated mAb formulations in compliance with modern manufacturing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Härdter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Raimund Geidobler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Ingo Presser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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5
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Part I: Significant reduction of lyophilization process times by using novel matrix based scaffolds. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:248-261. [PMID: 36529257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To improve the long-term stability of drugs with limited stability (e.g., biologicals such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody drug conjugates or peptides), some pharmaceuticals endure a lengthy and cost-intensive process called lyophilization. While the shelf life of lyophilized drugs may be prolonged compared to their liquid form, the drawbacks come in the form of intensified manufacturing, preparation, and dosing efforts. The use of glass vials as the primary container unit for lyophilized products hinders their complication-free, fast and flexible use, as they require a skilled healthcare professional and an aseptic environment in which to prepare them. The feasibility of substituting glass vials with novel container designs offering the complete transfer of the lyophilizate cake into modern administration devices, while reducing the economic footprint of the lyophilization process, was investigated. The lyophilization process of a monoclonal antibody solution was studied by assessing primary drying conditions, homogeneity of the drying process, and critical quality attributes after successful lyophilization. The creation of novel container designs utilized vacuum-forming to generate confined containers with removable bottoms and rapid prototyping, including subtractive and additive manufacturing methods, to generate porous 3D structures for drug housing. The novel container designs generated lyophilizates twice as fast and achieved a threefold faster reconstitution compared to their vial counterparts, without adaptation of the processing conditions. We conclude that the use of intermediate process containers offers significant relief for healthcare professionals in terms of reduced probability of handling errors, while drug manufacturers benefit from the accelerated processing times, increased batch homogeneity, and sustainability.
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6
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Hsein H, Auffray J, Noel T, Tchoreloff P. Recent advances and persistent challenges in the design of freeze-drying process for monoclonal antibodies. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:942-955. [PMID: 36206457 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2131818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies constitute nowadays an important therapeutic class and the number of approved molecules for clinical uses continues to increase, achieving considerable part of the therapeutic market. Yet, the stability in solution of these biopharmaceuticals is often low. That's why freeze-drying has been and remains the method of choice to obtain monoclonal antibodies in the solid state and to improve their stability. The design of freeze-drying process and its optimization are still topical subjects of interest and the pharmaceutical industry is regularly challenged by the requirements of quality, safety and efficiency set by the regulatory authorities. These requirements imply a deep understanding of each step of the freeze-drying process, developing techniques to control the critical parameters and to monitor the quality of the intermediate and the final product. In addition to quality issues, the optimization of the freeze-drying process in order to reduce the cycle length is of great interest since freeze-drying is known to be an energy-expensive and time consuming process. In this review, we will present the recent literature dealing with the freeze-drying of monoclonal antibodies and focus on the process parameters and strategies used to improve the stability of these molecules and to optimize the FD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassana Hsein
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, I2M Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Julie Auffray
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, I2M Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Noel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Tchoreloff
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, I2M Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
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7
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Gronwald BJ, Kijak K, Jezierska K, Gronwald HA, Kosko K, Matuszczak M, Bielawska-Victorini HB, Podraza W, Orzechowski L, Lietz-Kijak D. Influence of Freeze-Dried Diet on Oral Hygiene Indicators in Strict Isolation Condition of an Analog Space Mission. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031367. [PMID: 35162395 PMCID: PMC8834969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Analog space missions were created to study the human factor in extraordinary conditions that would occur in future space habitats. Isolation has been shown to cause stress and disrupt individuals’ daily routine, which can also affect their oral hygiene and lead to an increased risk of dental caries and gingivitis. The astronauts’ specific freeze-dried diet is associated with “lazy” chewing, potential dehydration and vitamin A deficiency, which may adversely affect their saliva. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the freeze-dried diet on selected oral hygiene indicators in analog astronauts (AA) enduring strict isolation conditions during six consecutive analog space missions at the LunAres Research Station. During the experiment the oral hygiene and gingival inflammation status measurements were conducted on the group of AAs at the beginning and at the end of each mission. Measurements included four oral hygiene indicators: API, sOHI, PI by Silness and Loe and GBI by Ainamo and Bay. Each AA’s individual scores were noted and analyzed. Statistically significant reduction in the amount of plaque and intensity of gingival bleeding was observed over the course of the study, which could indicate positive results of applied oral hygiene procedures despite unfavorable dietary and stressful isolation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Janina Gronwald
- Doctoral Study at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+48-512377448
| | - Karina Kijak
- Scientific Student Group STO-MATER-FIZ at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Karolina Jezierska
- Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-073 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.)
| | - Helena Anna Gronwald
- Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (H.A.G.); (D.L.-K.)
| | - Kamil Kosko
- Individual Dental Practice Kamil Kosko, 62-510 Konin, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Matuszczak
- Scientific Student Group STO-MATER-FIZ at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Wojciech Podraza
- Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-073 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.)
| | | | - Danuta Lietz-Kijak
- Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (H.A.G.); (D.L.-K.)
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8
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Investigation of lyophilized formulation susceptible to the ramp rate of shelf temperature in the primary drying process. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Ehlers S, Friess W, Schroeder R. Impact of chamber wall temperature on energy transfer during freeze-drying. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120025. [PMID: 33137451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Minimization of radiation coming from the chamber wall during lyophilization has the potential to reduce the edge-vial-effect. The edge-vial-effect is a phenomenon in which vials positioned at the shelf edges and corners tend to run warmer compared to center vials. A higher product temperature may result in product collapse in these vials. Consequently, more conservative and time-consuming freeze-drying cycles with lower shelf temperatures and pressures are chosen to ensure a product temperature below the collapse temperature in all vials. The edge-vial-effect is of even higher impact in small batches, where the ratio of corner and edge to center vials is higher compared to large scale manufacturing. The chamber wall is often discussed as the primary source of radiation impacting corner and edge vials. A radiation cage was set at different low temperatures to determine the impact of chamber wall temperatures below 0 °C on product temperature. At the end of primary drying, product temperature of corner vials could be reduced by 6 °C through the radiation cage but primary drying was elongated. Compared to vials in a tray, the chamber wall temperature had less impact on vials nested in a rack system due to a shielding effect of the rack itself. Corner and center vials ran more homogeneous with radiation cage since the edge and corner vials were slowed down. The difference in primary drying time between corner and center vials in the tray could be significantly reduced by 18% by means of 7 h when the radiation cage was controlled at product temperature and combined with a higher shelf temperature. In summary, the radiation cage is a useful tool for a more homogeneous batch with the potential to reduce primary drying time. Nevertheless, the drying difference between corner and center vials could only be reduced and was not completely eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ehlers
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, D-81377 Muenchen, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Schroeder
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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10
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Assegehegn G, Brito-de la Fuente E, Franco JM, Gallegos C. Use of a temperature ramp approach (TRA) to design an optimum and robust freeze-drying process for pharmaceutical formulations. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119116. [PMID: 32027958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-drying, until now, has been a process that was designed using a trial and error experimental approach. This approach is often material and time consuming, and the resulting freeze-drying processes are neither optimum nor robust. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to develop a simple-to-use and experimental-based approach to design an optimum and robust freeze-drying process for any given formulation. The temperature ramp approach (TRA) detailed in this study involves the implementation of a customized design of experiments (DoE) to perform few (three or four) experiments using a given drug formulation. The DoE results are analyzed to define optimum processing conditions (i.e., shelf temperature and chamber pressure) based on a predefined range of target product temperature for primary drying, which could be defined from formulation characterization at its frozen state. In this study, a successful freeze-drying process of two model formulations using the TRA was designed. Verification experiments at the optimum processing conditions showed excellent agreement in both product temperature and sublimation rate with the values obtained using the TRA. Thus, the TRA detailed in this study offers a significant advantage to reduce development time and material, and enhance the efficiency and robustness of the resulting freeze-drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Assegehegn
- Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Product and Process Engineering Center, Global Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals, Bad Homburg, Germany.
| | - Edmundo Brito-de la Fuente
- Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Product and Process Engineering Center, Global Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - José M Franco
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Centre, Complex Fluid Engineering Laboratory, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Críspulo Gallegos
- Fresenius-Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Product and Process Engineering Center, Global Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals, Bad Homburg, Germany
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11
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Haeuser C, Goldbach P, Huwyler J, Friess W, Allmendinger A. Be Aggressive! Amorphous Excipients Enabling Single-Step Freeze-Drying of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E616. [PMID: 31744221 PMCID: PMC6920930 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Short freeze-drying cycles for biopharmaceuticals are desirable. Formulations containing an amorphous disaccharide, such as sucrose, are prone to collapse upon aggressive primary drying at higher shelf temperature. We used 2-hydroxypropyl-betacyclodextrin (HPBCD) in combination with sucrose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to develop an aggressive lyophilization cycle for low concentration monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations. Glass transition temperature and collapse temperature of the formulations were determined, and increasingly aggressive cycle parameters were applied. Using a shelf temperature of +30 °C during primary drying, the concept of combining sublimation and desorption of water in a single drying step was investigated. Cake appearance was evaluated visually and by micro-computed tomography. Lyophilisates were further analyzed for reconstitution time, specific surface area, residual moisture, and glass transition temperature. We demonstrated the applicability of single-step freeze-drying, shortening the total cycle time by 50% and providing elegant lyophilisates for pure HPBCD and HPBCD/sucrose formulations. HPBCD/PVP/sucrose showed minor dents, while good mAb stability at 10 mg/mL was obtained for HPBCD/sucrose and HPBCD/PVP/sucrose when stored at 40 °C for 3 months. We conclude that HPBCD-based formulations in combination with sucrose are highly attractive, enabling aggressive, single-step freeze-drying of low concentration mAb formulations, while maintaining elegant lyophilisates and ensuring protein stability at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Haeuser
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharma Technical Development Biologics EU, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (C.H.); (P.G.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Pierre Goldbach
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharma Technical Development Biologics EU, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (C.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Joerg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Andrea Allmendinger
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharma Technical Development Biologics EU, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (C.H.); (P.G.)
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12
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Vohra ZA, Zode SS, Bansal AK. Effect of primary drying temperature on process efficiency and product performance of lyophilized Ertapenam sodium. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1940-1948. [PMID: 31625418 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1683024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the impact of primary drying temperature on lyophilization process efficiency and product performance of lyophilized Ertapenam sodium (EPM). Phase behavior of EPM formulation (200 mg/mL) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and freeze drying microscopy (FDM) showed Tg' at -28.3 °C (onset) and Tc at -25.0 °C (onset), respectively. The formulation was freeze dried at different product temperature (Tp) during primary drying, using (a) conservative cycle (CC) where the maximum Tp (-31.9 °C) <Tg', (b) aggressive cycle 01 (AC01) where the maximum Tp (-24.8 °C) >Tg', and (c) AC02 where the maximum Tp (-21.0 °C) >Tc. The drying kinetics revealed that the sublimation rate was increased from 0.128 g/h/vial in CC to 0.159 and 0.182 g/h/vial in AC01 and AC02, respectively. This ultimately reduced the primary drying time of 208 min in CC to 145 min in AC01 and to 103 minutes in AC02. Morphological evaluation of cake using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and texture analysis revealed that AC01 lead to induction of microcollapse, whereas AC02 resulted in collapsed cake. Furthermore, the microcollapsed formulations showed similar physicochemical stability to CC formulation, whereas collapsed cake showed significant degradation of EPM and increased degradation on stress stability. The study highlights that primary drying with microcollapse can be utilized to improve the process efficiency without compromising product quality of amorphous EPM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep S Zode
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
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