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Ferreira LEN, Franz-Montan M, Benso B, Gill HS. Microneedles for oral mucosal delivery - Current trends and perspective on future directions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1251-1265. [PMID: 37781735 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2264189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral cavity drug and vaccine delivery has the potential for local targeting, dose reduction, minimization of systemic side effects, and generation of mucosal immunity. To overcome current limitations of delivery into the oral cavity mucosa, microneedles (MNs) have emerged as a promising technology. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the literature on MN application in the oral cavity, including in vitro studies, in vivo animal studies, and human clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION MNs are sufficiently robust to cross the oral cavity epithelium and nearly painless when applied to different parts of the human oral mucosa including the lip, cheek, tongue, and palate. In recent years, MNs have been evaluated for different applications, including vaccination, topical anesthetic delivery, and treatment of local oral pathologies such as oral lesions or carcinomas. MNs are attractive because they have the potential to produce a better treatment outcome with reduced side effects. Over the coming years, we project a significant increase in research related to the development of MNs for use in dentistry and other medical conditions of the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E N Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Benso
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Harvinder S Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Kumar M, Sharma A, Mahmood S, Thakur A, Mirza MA, Bhatia A. Franz diffusion cell and its implication in skin permeation studies. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2188923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Prabahar K, Udhumansha U, Elsherbiny N, Qushawy M. Microneedle mediated transdermal delivery of β-sitosterol loaded nanostructured lipid nanoparticles for androgenic alopecia. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3022-3034. [PMID: 36110028 PMCID: PMC10003132 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived 5 α-reductase inhibitors, such as β-sitosterol and phytosterol glycosides, have been used to treat androgenic alopecia, but their oral absolute bioavailability is poor. This study aimed to develop a transdermal drug delivery system of β-sitosterol (BS) using a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) incorporated into polymeric microneedles (MN). Using a high-speed homogenization method, NLC was formulated variables were optimized by Box-Behnken statistical design. The optimized formulation of BS-loaded NLCs was incorporated into the chitosan-based MNs to prepare NLC-loaded polymeric MNs (NLC-MNs) and evaluated using testosterone induced alopecia rats. The cumulative amount of β-sitosterol associated with NLC- MN which penetrated the rat skin in-vitro was 3612.27 ± 120.81 μg/cm2, while from the NLC preparation was 2402.35 ± 162.5 μg/cm2. The steady state flux (Jss) of NLC-MN was significantly higher than that of the optimized NLC formulation (P < 0.05). Anagen/telogen ratio was significantly affected by NLC and NLC-MN, which was 2.22 ± 0.34, 1.24 ± 0.18 respectively compared to 0.26 ± 0.08 for animal group treated with testosterone. The reversal of androgen-induced hair loss in animals treated with β-sitosterol was a sign of hair follicle dominance in the anagenic growth phase. However, NLC-MN delivery system has shown significant enhancement of hair growth in rats. From these experimental data, it can be concluded that NLC incorporated MN transdermal system have potential in effective treatment of androgenic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Qushawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Alarish, North Sinai, Egypt
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Sonaje K, Tyagi V, Chen Y, Kalia YN. Iontosomes: Electroresponsive Liposomes for Topical Iontophoretic Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to the Buccal Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010088. [PMID: 33440787 PMCID: PMC7826915 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted local delivery of anticancer therapeutics offers an alternative to systemic chemotherapy for oral cancers not amenable to surgical excision. However, epithelial barrier function can pose a challenge to their passive topical delivery. The charged, deformable liposomes—“iontosomes”—described here are able to overcome the buccal mucosal barrier via a combination of the electrical potential gradient imposed by iontophoresis and their shape-deforming characteristics. Two chemotherapeutic agents with very different physicochemical properties, cisplatin (CDDP) and docetaxel (DTX), were co-encapsulated in cationic iontosomes comprising 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and Lipoid-S75. The entrapment of CDDP was improved by formulating it in anionic reverse micelles of dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol sodium (DPPG) prior to loading in the iontosomes. Cryo-TEM imaging clearly demonstrated the iontosomes’ electroresponsive shape-deformable properties. The in vitro transport study using porcine mucosa indicated that iontosomes did not enter the mucosa without an external driving force. However, anodal iontophoresis resulted in significant amounts of co-encapsulated CDDP and DTX being deposited in the buccal mucosa; e.g., after current application for 10 min, the deposition of CDDP and DTX was 13.54 ± 1.78 and 10.75 ± 1.75 μg/cm2 cf. 0.20 ± 0.07 and 0.19 ± 0.09 μg/cm2 for the passive controls—i.e., 67.7- and 56.6-fold increases—without any noticeable increase in their transmucosal permeation. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the iontosomes penetrated the mucosa through the intercellular spaces and that the penetration depth could be controlled by varying the duration of current application. Overall, the results suggest that the combination of topical iontophoresis with a suitable nanocarrier system can be used to deliver multiple “physicochemically incompatible” chemotherapeutics selectively to oral cancers while decreasing the extent of systemic absorption and the associated risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sonaje
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.S.); (V.T.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vasundhara Tyagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.S.); (V.T.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.S.); (V.T.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N. Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.S.); (V.T.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-3355
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Kottke D, Majid H, Breitkreutz J, Burckhardt BB. Development and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal dosage forms of lidocaine hydrochloride by ex-vivo permeation studies. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Matos BN, Pereira MN, Bravo MDO, Cunha-Filho M, Saldanha-Araújo F, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM. Chitosan nanoparticles loading oxaliplatin as a mucoadhesive topical treatment of oral tumors: Iontophoresis further enhances drug delivery ex vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1265-1275. [PMID: 31726173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumors located in the oral mucosa are challenging to treat since surgery can lead to aesthetic, speech, and salivation problems, radiotherapy alone is often ineffective, and systemic chemotherapy brings meaningful side effects to the patient. Here, we proposed to develop mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles entrapping the chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin (OXPt) and to evaluate ex vivo its penetration in porcine mucosa under both passive and iontophoretic topical treatments. OXPt-loaded chitosan nanoparticles presented a small hydrodynamic size (188 ± 20 nm), narrow distribution (PDI of 0.28 ± 0.02) and positive zeta potential (+44.8 ± 2.8 mV). These nanoparticles provided a "burst effect" on drug release followed by a longer-term controlled release. When applied to the oral mucosa, the chitosan nanoparticles increased 3-fold drug penetration, and this rate was maintained even when the mucosa was "washed" with a buffer to mimic salivation. Iontophoresis doubled the amount of OXPt transported to the mucosa. These amounts exceeded the dose required to cause cell death of an oral tumor cell line. Besides, chitosan nanoparticles increased the rate of cells that entered into apoptosis. In summary, this study points to the feasibility of topical therapy with chitosan nanoparticles, potentialized by the application of iontophoresis, to treat oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno N Matos
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n. 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro Universitário Euroamericano, Avenida das Nações, Trecho 0, Conjunto 05 - 70790-160, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maíra N Pereira
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n. 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Martha de O Bravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n. 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n. 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n. 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Abstract
Dermal and transdermal drug therapy is increasing in importance nowadays in drug development. To completely utilize the potential of this administration route, it is necessary to optimize the drug release and skin penetration measurements. This review covers the most well-known and up-to-date methods for evaluating the cutaneous penetration of drugs in vitro as a supporting tool for pharmaceutical research scientists in the early stage of drug development. The aim of this article is to present various experimental models used in dermal/transdermal research and summarize the novel knowledge about the main in vitro methods available to study skin penetration. These techniques are: Diffusion cell, skin-PAMPA, tape stripping, two-photon microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and confocal Raman microscopic method.
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