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Durant KM, Whitesell A, Dasse KD. A review of fetal cell lines used during drug development: Focus on COVID-19 vaccines, transplant medications, and biologics. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:e336-e344. [PMID: 38347743 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and vaccine mandates have increased the number of patient questions related to how fetal cell lines are used during drug development and final manufacturing. This article describes our literature search and review of COVID-19 vaccines, transplant medications, and biologics whose development included use of fetal cell lines. SUMMARY A detailed literature search was conducted to identify the common fetal cell lines used in COVID-19 vaccine development; the two most prevalent fetal cell lines identified were HEK-293 and PER.C6. Subsequent literatures searches were conducted to identify transplant medications and biologics whose development included use of the HEK-293 or PER.C6 cell lines. For the COVID-19 vaccines, only the viral vector vaccine by Janssen was found to contain proteins produced by PER.C6 in the final preparation administered to patients, and Novavax is the only vaccine for which fetal cell lines were not directly involved in any portion of drug development. For transplant medications, many medications were studied in fetal cell lines in postmarketing studies after Food and Drug Administration approval; however, none of these medications contained fetal cells or would expose a patient to a fetal cell line. Many new biologics and cellular therapies for genetic diseases and malignancies have been directly developed from HEK-293 fetal cells or contain proteins produced directly from fetal cell lines. CONCLUSION There were very few drugs reviewed that were found to contain HEK-293 or PER.C6 fetal cells or proteins derived directly from fetal cell lines; however, use of fetal cell lines in biologics and gene therapies will continue to increase. Healthcare providers should be mindful of patients' beliefs while also correcting common misconceptions about how these fetal cell lines are used throughout drug development and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Durant
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashlyn Whitesell
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathy D Dasse
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Powell JT, Kayesh R, Ballesteros-Perez A, Alam K, Niyonshuti P, Soderblom EJ, Ding K, Xu C, Yue W. Assessing Trans-Inhibition of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 by Calcineurin and/or PPIase Inhibitors and Global Identification of OATP1B1/3-Associated Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:63. [PMID: 38258074 PMCID: PMC10818623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are key determinants of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Various drugs including the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) cyclosporine A (CsA) exert preincubation-induced trans-inhibitory effects upon OATP1B1 and/or OATP1B3 (abbreviated as OATP1B1/3) by unknown mechanism(s). OATP1B1/3 are phosphoproteins; calcineurin, which dephosphorylates and regulates numerous phosphoproteins, has not previously been investigated in the context of preincubation-induced trans-inhibition of OATP1B1/3. Herein, we compare the trans-inhibitory effects exerted on OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 by CsA, the non-analogous CNI tacrolimus, and the non-CNI CsA analogue SCY-635 in transporter-overexpressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 stable cell lines. Preincubation (10-60 min) with tacrolimus (1-10 µM) rapidly and significantly reduces OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated transport up to 0.18 ± 0.03- and 0.20 ± 0.02-fold compared to the control, respectively. Both CsA and SCY-635 can trans-inhibit OATP1B1, with the inhibitory effects progressively increasing over a 60 min preincubation time. At each equivalent preincubation time, CsA has greater trans-inhibitory effects toward OATP1B1 than SCY-635. Preincubation with SCY-635 for 60 min yielded IC50 of 2.2 ± 1.4 µM against OATP1B1, which is ~18 fold greater than that of CsA (0.12 ± 0.04 µM). Furthermore, a proteomics-based screening for protein interactors was used to examine possible proteins and processes contributing to OATP1B1/3 regulation and preincubation-induced inhibition by CNIs and other drugs. A total of 861 and 357 proteins were identified as specifically associated with OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, respectively, including various protein kinases, ubiquitin-related enzymes, the tacrolimus (FK506)-binding proteins FKBP5 and FKBP8, and several known regulatory targets of calcineurin. The current study reports several novel findings that expand our understanding of impaired OATP1B1/3 function; these include preincubation-induced trans-inhibition of OATP1B1/3 by the CNI tacrolimus, greater preincubation-induced inhibition by CsA compared to its non-CNI analogue SCY-635, and association of OATP1B1/3 with various proteins relevant to established and candidate OATP1B1/3 regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Powell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.T.P.)
| | - Ruhul Kayesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.T.P.)
| | - Alexandra Ballesteros-Perez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.T.P.)
| | - Khondoker Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.T.P.)
| | - Pascaline Niyonshuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.T.P.)
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.D.); (C.X.)
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.D.); (C.X.)
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.T.P.)
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Fujita K, Zhu Q, Arakawa H, Shirasaka Y, Tamai I. Potentiation of the Uricosuric Effect of Dotinurad by Trans-Inhibition of the Uric Acid Reabsorptive Transporter 1. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1527-1535. [PMID: 37643882 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a transporter responsible for uric acid (UA) reabsorption by renal proximal tubules and a pharmacological target of uricosuric agents. Probenecid and benzbromarone have been used as uricosuric agents, while dotinurad was recently approved in Japan. Notably, the in vitro IC 50 of dotinurad on URAT1 is not strong enough to explain its in vivo uricosuric effect estimated based on clinical unbound plasma concentrations, suggesting the presence of mechanisms other than competition with UA uptake at the extracellular domain of URAT1 (cis-inhibition). In this study, trans-inhibition was hypothesized as the mechanism underlying URAT1 inhibition by dotinurad, wherein intracellularly accumulated dotinurad inactivates URAT1. In URAT1-expressing Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-II cells and Xenopus oocytes, pre-incubation with dotinurad potentiated the inhibitory effect more than co-incubation alone, but this effect was not observed with benzbromarone or probenecid. Under co-incubation, dotinurad inhibited UA uptake in a competitive manner (cis-inhibition). When we pre-injected dotinurad directly into oocytes and immediately measured [14C]UA uptake without coincubation (only trans-inhibition), dotinurad noncompetitively inhibited UA uptake. URAT1 is an exchange transporter for UA and monocarboxylates such as nicotinic acid (NA). Pre-injected dotinurad and extracellular UA attenuated and facilitated efflux of [3H]NA, respectively, whereas pre-injection of benzbromarone or probenecid did not affect it, suggesting that dotinurad exhibits trans-inhibition by attenuating URAT1-mediated efflux of monocarboxylates, which is a driving force for UA uptake by URAT1. Accordingly, dotinurad ameliorates URAT1-mediated UA reabsorption by both cis- and trans-inhibition, explaining its clinically stronger uricosuric effect than that estimated by the in vitro IC50 value. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The uricosuric agent dotinurad inhibits uric acid reabsorptive transporter (URAT) 1 with a clinical potency stronger than that estimated from IC 50 obtained by in vitro URAT1 inhibition. This in vivo-in vitro discrepancy was explained by the trans-inhibition effect of dotinurad on URAT1. Trans-inhibition was due to the attenuation of monocarboxylates efflux via URAT1, which is a driving force for URAT1-mediated exchange transport of uric acid. Overall, this is the first study to experimentally demonstrate trans-inhibition mechanism of URAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Qiunan Zhu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Wang X, Chen F, Guo N, Gu Z, Lin H, Xiang X, Shi Y, Han B. Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling in the research of small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:253-270. [PMID: 37466731 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models are increasingly used in the drug research and development, especially in anti-cancer drugs. Between 2001 and 2020, a total of 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs were approved in China and the United States, some of which already included PBPK modeling in their application or approval packages. This article intended to review the prevalence and application of PBPK model in these drugs. METHOD Article search was performed in the PubMed to collect English research articles on small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs using PBPK modeling. The selected articles were classified into nine categorizes according to the application areas and further analyzed. RESULT From 2001 to 2020, more than 60% of small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs (54/89) were studied using PBPK model with a wide range of application. Ninety research articles were included, of which 48 involved enzyme-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI). Of these retrieved articles, Simcyp, GastroPlus, and PK-Sim were the most widely model building platforms, which account for 63.8%, 15.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION PBPK modeling is commonly and widely used to research small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, China.
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Saran C, Ho H, Honkakoski P, Brouwer KLR. Effect of mTOR inhibitors on sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) function in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147495. [PMID: 37033614 PMCID: PMC10073475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP; gene name SLC10A1) is the primary hepatic basolateral uptake transporter for conjugated bile acids and the entry receptor for the hepatitis B and D virus (HBV/HDV). Regulation of human NTCP remains a knowledge gap due to significant species differences in substrate and inhibitor selectivity and plasma membrane expression. In the present study, various kinase inhibitors were screened for inhibition of NTCP function and taurocholate (TCA) uptake using NTCP-transfected HuH-7 cells. This study identified everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor and macrocyclic immunosuppressive drug, as an NTCP inhibitor with modest potency (IC50 = 6.7-8.0 µM). Further investigation in differentiated HuH-7 cells expressing NTCP and NTCP-overexpressing Flp-In T-REx 293 cells revealed that the mechanism of action of everolimus on NTCP is direct inhibition and mTOR-independent. Structural analogs of everolimus inhibited NTCP-mediated TCA uptake, however, functional analogs did not affect NTCP-mediated TCA transport, providing further evidence for direct inhibition. This work contributes to the growing body of literature suggesting that NTCP-mediated bile acid uptake may be inhibited by macrocyclic peptides, which may be further exploited to develop novel medications against HBV/HDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Saran
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Henry Ho
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kim L. R. Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Kayesh R, Tambe V, Xu C, Yue W. Differential Preincubation Effects of Nicardipine on OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Transport in the Presence and Absence of Protein: Implications in Assessing OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1020. [PMID: 36986880 PMCID: PMC10052025 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired transport activity of hepatic OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 due to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) often leads to increased systemic exposure to substrate drugs (e.g., lipid-lowering statins). Since dyslipidemia and hypertension frequently coexist, statins are often concurrently used with antihypertensives, including calcium channel blockers (CCBs). OATP1B1/1B3-related DDIs in humans have been reported for several CCBs. To date, the OATP1B1/1B3-mediated DDI potential of CCB nicardipine has not been assessed. The current study was designed to assess the OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated DDI potential of nicardipine using the R-value model, following the US-FDA guidance. IC50 values of nicardipine against OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were determined in transporter-overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells using [3H]-estradiol 17β-D-glucuronide and [3H]-cholecystokinin-8 as substrates, respectively, with or without nicardipine-preincubation in protein-free Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) or in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing culture medium. Preincubation with nicardipine for 30 min in protein-free HBSS buffer produced lower IC50 and higher R-values for both OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 compared to in FBS-containing medium, yielding IC50 values of 0.98 and 1.63 µM and R-values of 1.4 and 1.3 for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, respectively. The R-values were higher than the US-FDA cut-off value of 1.1, supporting that nicardipine has the potential to cause OATP1B1/3-mediated DDIs. Current studies provide insight into the consideration of optimal preincubation conditions when assessing the OATP1B1/3-mediated DDIs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhul Kayesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Vishakha Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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Deng F, Sjöstedt N, Santo M, Neuvonen M, Niemi M, Kidron H. Novel inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) among marketed drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106362. [PMID: 36529162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a major concern for the safe use of medications. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a clinically relevant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter for drug disposition. Inhibition of BCRP increases the plasma concentrations of BCRP substrate drugs, which potentially could lead to adverse drug reactions. The aim of the present study was to identify BCRP inhibitors amongst a library of 232 commonly used drugs and anticancer drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). BCRP inhibition studies were carried out using the vesicular transport assay. We found 75 drugs that reduced the relative transport activity of BCRP to less than 25% of the vehicle control and were categorized as strong inhibitors. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) was determined for 13 strong inhibitors that were previously poorly characterized for BCRP inhibition. The IC50 ranged from 1.1 to 11 µM, with vemurafenib, dabigatran etexilate and everolimus being the strongest inhibitors. According to the drug interaction guidance documents from the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), in vivo DDI studies are warranted if the theoretical intestinal luminal concentration of a drug exceeds its IC50 by tenfold. Here, the IC50 values for eight of the drugs were 100-fold lower than their theoretical intestinal luminal concentration. Moreover, a mechanistic static model suggested that vemurafenib, bexarotene, dabigatran etexilate, rifapentine, aprepitant, and ivacaftor could almost fully inhibit intestinal BCRP, increasing the exposure of concomitantly administered rosuvastatin over 90%. Therefore, clinical studies are warranted to investigate whether these drugs cause BCRP-mediated DDIs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Tukholmankatu 8 C, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Finland
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland
| | - Mariangela Santo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Tukholmankatu 8 C, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Tukholmankatu 8 C, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland.
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Yang ML, Connolly SE, Gee RJ, Lam TT, Kanyo J, Peng J, Guyer P, Syed F, Tse HM, Clarke SG, Clarke CF, James EA, Speake C, Evans-Molina C, Arvan P, Herold KC, Wen L, Mamula MJ. Carbonyl Posttranslational Modification Associated With Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity. Diabetes 2022; 71:1979-1993. [PMID: 35730902 PMCID: PMC9450849 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress in pancreatic islets amplify the appearance of various posttranslational modifications to self-proteins. In this study, we identified a select group of carbonylated islet proteins arising before the onset of hyperglycemia in NOD mice. Of interest, we identified carbonyl modification of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase β subunit (P4Hb) that is responsible for proinsulin folding and trafficking as an autoantigen in both human and murine type 1 diabetes. We found that carbonylated P4Hb is amplified in stressed islets coincident with decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and altered proinsulin-to-insulin ratios. Autoantibodies against P4Hb were detected in prediabetic NOD mice and in early human type 1 diabetes prior to the onset of anti-insulin autoimmunity. Moreover, we identify autoreactive CD4+ T-cell responses toward carbonyl-P4Hb epitopes in the circulation of patients with type 1 diabetes. Our studies provide mechanistic insight into the pathways of proinsulin metabolism and in creating autoantigenic forms of insulin in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Yang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sean E. Connolly
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Renelle J. Gee
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - TuKiet T. Lam
- Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Resource, W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, New Haven
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jean Kanyo
- Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Resource, W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, New Haven
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Perrin Guyer
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine F. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eddie A. James
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Peter Arvan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kevan C. Herold
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Mark J. Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Brouwer KLR, Evers R, Hayden E, Hu S, Li CY, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Neuhoff S, Oswald S, Piquette-Miller M, Saran C, Sjöstedt N, Sprowl JA, Stahl SH, Yue W. Regulation of Drug Transport Proteins-From Mechanisms to Clinical Impact: A White Paper on Behalf of the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:461-484. [PMID: 35390174 PMCID: PMC9398928 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins are involved in the absorption, disposition, efficacy, and/or toxicity of many drugs. Numerous mechanisms (e.g., nuclear receptors, epigenetic gene regulation, microRNAs, alternative splicing, post‐translational modifications, and trafficking) regulate transport protein levels, localization, and function. Various factors associated with disease, medications, and dietary constituents, for example, may alter the regulation and activity of transport proteins in the intestine, liver, kidneys, brain, lungs, placenta, and other important sites, such as tumor tissue. This white paper reviews key mechanisms and regulatory factors that alter the function of clinically relevant transport proteins involved in drug disposition. Current considerations with in vitro and in vivo models that are used to investigate transporter regulation are discussed, including strengths, limitations, and the inherent challenges in predicting the impact of changes due to regulation of one transporter on compensatory pathways and overall drug disposition. In addition, translation and scaling of in vitro observations to in vivo outcomes are considered. The importance of incorporating altered transporter regulation in modeling and simulation approaches to predict the clinical impact on drug disposition is also discussed. Regulation of transporters is highly complex and, therefore, identification of knowledge gaps will aid in directing future research to expand our understanding of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms of transporter regulation. This information is critical to the development of tools and approaches to improve therapeutic outcomes by predicting more accurately the impact of regulation‐mediated changes in transporter function on drug disposition and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hayden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Chitra Saran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Simone H Stahl
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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10
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Shin NS, Marlier A, Xu L, Lam T, Cantley LG, Guo JK. Characterization of temporospatial distribution of renal tubular casts by nephron tracking after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F322-F334. [PMID: 35100823 PMCID: PMC8897010 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00284.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular casts originating from detached epithelial cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can obstruct tubules and negatively impact glomerular filtration rate. Using multiphoton imaging of 400-μm-thick kidney sections, the distribution of casts and morphometric measurement of tubules was performed along the entire nephron for the first time. Tubular nuclei are shed before cell detachment, and visually occlusive casts (grade 3) appeared at 12 h after IRI at the S3/thin descending limb (tDL) junction. Grade 3 casts peaked at 24 h after injury [present in 99% of S3, 78% of tDL, 76% of thin ascending limb (tAL), 60% of medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL), and 10% of connecting tubule segments]. Cast formation in the S3 correlated with selective loss of cell numbers from this tubule segment. By day 3, most mTALs and connecting tubules were cast free, whereas 72% of S3 tubules and 58% of tDLs still contained grade 3 casts. Although bulk phagocytosis of cast material by surviving tubular cells was not observed, mass spectrometry identified large numbers of tryptic peptides in the outer medulla, and trypsin levels were significantly increased in the kidney and urine 24 h after IRI. Administration of either antipain or camostat to inhibit trypsin extended cast burden to the S2, led to sustained accumulation of S3 casts after IRI, but did not affect cast burden in the mTAL or renal function. Our data provide detailed and dynamic mapping of tubular cast formation and resolution after IRI that can inform future interventions to accelerate cast clearance and renal recovery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This detailed characterization of the dynamic distribution of dead cell debris in ischemically injured kidney tubules reveals which cells in the kidney are most severely injured, when and where tubular casts form, and when (and to a lesser extent, how) they are cleared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Shin
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arnaud Marlier
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leyuan Xu
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - TuKiet Lam
- 2Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,3Keck MS and Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lloyd G. Cantley
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jian-Kan Guo
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Farasyn T, Pahwa S, Xu C, Yue W. Pre-incubation with OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 inhibitors potentiates inhibitory effects in physiologically relevant sandwich-cultured primary human hepatocytes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 165:105951. [PMID: 34311070 PMCID: PMC11005446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP)1B1 and OATP1B3 are liver-specific transport proteins that express on the basolateral membrane of human hepatocytes and mediate hepatic uptake of many drugs, including statins. They are important determinants of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). It has been reported that pre-incubation with some OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 inhibitors potentiates the inhibitory effects, yielding reduced IC50 values. The US FDA draft guidance has recently recommended to use the lower IC50 values after inhibitor-preincubation to assess OATP1B1 and OATP1B3-mediated DDIs. However, it remains unknown whether the potentiation effects of inhibitor-preincubation on IC50 values occur in a physiologically relevant cell model. The current study was designed to determine the IC50 values of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 inhibitors everolimus (EVR), sirolimus (SIR), and dasatinib against OATP1B substrates in physiologically relevant primary human hepatocytes with or without inhibitor-preincubation and to compare the OATP-mediated DDI prediction using data from primary human hepatocytes and that reported previously in transporter-expressing cell lines. Primary human hepatocytes were cultured in a sandwich configuration. Accumulation of [3H]-CCK-8 (1 µM, 1.5 min), [3H]-rosuvastatin (0.5 µM, 2 min) and [3H]-pitavastatin (1 µM, 0.5 min) was determined in human sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) in the presence of vehicle control or an inhibitor with or without inhibitor-preincubation at designated concentrations, and was utilized to determine the IC50 values for these inhibitors. R-value models were used to predict OATP-mediated DDIs. Pre-incubation with EVR at a clinically relevant concentration of 0.2 µM significantly reduced accumulation of [3H]-CCK-8 and [3H]-rosuvastatin even after washing. Reduced IC50 values following inhibitor pre-incubation were observed for all three inhibitors using [3H]-CCK-8 and [3H]-rosuvastatin as substrates in human SCH. The IC50 values after inhibitor-preincubation were lower or comparable in transporter-expressing cell lines compared with that in human SCH. For dasatinib, R-values from both cell lines and human SCH were greater than the US FDA cut-off value of 1.1. For EVR, R values from cell lines were 1.23 and were lowered to near 1.1 (1.08-1.09) in human SCH. For SIR, R values from either cell type were less than the cut-off values of 1.1. In conclusion, the current study is the first to report that pre-incubation with OATP1B inhibitors potentiates inhibitory effects in physiologically relevant primary human hepatocytes, supporting the rationale of the current US FDA draft guidance of including an inhibitor-preincubation step when assessing OATP-mediated DDIs in vitro. IC50 values after inhibitor-preincubation in transporter-expressing cell lines may be used for DDI prediction for the purpose of mitigating false-negative OATP-mediated DDI prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK US
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, US.
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12
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Farasyn T, Xu C, Yue W. Development of a Rat Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes Model Expressing Functional Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) 1B3: A Potential Screening Tool for Liver-Targeting Compounds. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2021; 24:475-483. [PMID: 34516949 PMCID: PMC11195919 DOI: 10.18433/jpps31818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3 transports many clinically important drugs, including statins, from blood into the liver. It exclusively expresses in human liver under normal physiological conditions. There is no rodent ortholog of human OATP1B3. Tissue targeting of therapeutic molecules mediated by transporters, including liver-targeting via liver-specific OATPs, is an emerging area in drug development. Sandwich-cultured primary hepatocytes (SCH) are a well characterized in vitro model for assessment of hepatic drug uptake and biliary excretion. The current study was designed to develop a novel rat SCH model expressing human OATP1B3 to study the hepatic disposition of OATP1B3 substrates. METHODS Primary rat hepatocytes transduced with adenoviral vectors expressing FLAG-tagged OATP1B3 (Ad-OATP1B3), a control vector Ad-LacZ, or that were non-transduced were cultured in a sandwich configuration. FLAG immunoblot and immunofluorescence-staining determined expression and localization of OATP1B3. Uptake of [3H]-cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), a specific OATP1B3 substrate, was determined. Taurocholate (TC) is a substrate routinely used in SCH to assess biliary excretion via bile canaliculi (BC) and is also a substrate of OATP1B3. [3H]-TC accumulation in cells+BC, cells, biliary excretion index (BEI) and in vitro Clbiliary were determined using B-CLEAR® technology. RESULTS OATP1B3 protein was extensively expressed and primarily localized on the plasma membrane in day 4 Ad-OATP1B3-transduced rat SCH. [3H]-CCK-8 accumulation in cells+BC was significantly greater (~5-13 folds, p<0.001) in day 4 SCH with vs. without Ad-OATP1B3-transduction. Expressing OATP1B3 in rat SCH significantly increased [3H]-TC accumulation in cells+BC and cells, without affecting BEI and in vitro Clbiliary. CONCLUSIONS Rat SCH expressing human OATP1B3-is a novel in vitro model allowing simultaneous assessment of hepatic uptake, hepatocellular accumulation and biliary excretion process of a human OATP1B3 substrate. This model could be a potential tool for screening for liver-targeting compounds mediated by OATP1B3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taleah Farasyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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13
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Kayesh R, Farasyn T, Crowe A, Liu Q, Pahwa S, Alam K, Neuhoff S, Hatley O, Ding K, Yue W. Assessing OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Vemurafenib Using R-Value and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:314-324. [PMID: 32590030 PMCID: PMC7750294 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are important determinants of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Current studies assessed the OATP1B1 and OATP1B3-mediated DDI potential of vemurafenib, a kinase inhibitor drug with high protein binding and low aqueous solubility, using R-value and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The total half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50,total) values of vemurafenib against OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were determined in 100% human plasma in transporter-overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 stable cell lines. The unbound fraction of vemurafenib in human plasma before (fu,plasma) and after addition into the uptake assay plate (fu,plasma,inc) were determined by rapid equilibrium dialysis. There was no statistically significant difference between fu,plasma and fu,plasma,inc. Vemurafenib IC50,total values against OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 are 175 ± 82 and 231 ± 26 μM, respectively. The R-values [R = 1 + fu,plasma × Iin,max/(fu,plasma,inc × IC50,total)] were then simplified as R = 1+Iin,max/IC50,total, and were 1.76 and 1.57 for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, respectively. The simulated pravastatin AUC ratio was 1.28 when a single dose of pravastatin (40 mg) was co-administered with vemurafenib (960 mg, twice daily) at steady-state, compared to pravastatin alone. Both R-value and PBPK models predict that vemurafenib has the potential to cause OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhul Kayesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Taleah Farasyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Alexandra Crowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Qiang Liu
- ARL Bio Pharma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Sonia Pahwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Khondoker Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2BJ United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Hatley
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2BJ United Kingdom
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
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14
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Lee W, Ha JM, Sugiyama Y. Post-translational regulation of the major drug transporters in the families of organic anion transporters and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17349-17364. [PMID: 33051208 PMCID: PMC7863896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.009132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) belong to the solute carrier (SLC) transporter superfamily and play important roles in handling various endogenous and exogenous compounds of anionic charge. The OATs and OATPs are often implicated in drug therapy by impacting the pharmacokinetics of clinically important drugs and, thereby, drug exposure in the target organs or cells. Various mechanisms (e.g. genetic, environmental, and disease-related factors, drug-drug interactions, and food-drug interactions) can lead to variations in the expression and activity of the anion drug-transporting proteins of OATs and OATPs, possibly impacting the therapeutic outcomes. Previous investigations mainly focused on the regulation at the transcriptional level and drug-drug interactions as competing substrates or inhibitors. Recently, evidence has accumulated that cellular trafficking, post-translational modification, and degradation mechanisms serve as another important layer for the mechanisms underlying the variations in the OATs and OATPs. This review will provide a brief overview of the major OATs and OATPs implicated in drug therapy and summarize recent progress in our understanding of the post-translational modifications, in particular ubiquitination and degradation pathways of the individual OATs and OATPs implicated in drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Ha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Masuo Y, Fujita KI, Mishiro K, Seba N, Kogi T, Okumura H, Matsumoto N, Kunishima M, Kato Y. 6-Hydroxyindole is an endogenous long-lasting OATP1B1 inhibitor elevated in renal failure patients. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:555-562. [PMID: 33191090 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hepatic uptake transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 is inhibited by some uremic toxins; however, direct inhibition can only partially explain the delayed systemic elimination of substrate drugs in renal failure patients. This study aimed to examine the long-lasting inhibition of OATP1B1 by uremic toxins and their metabolites. Preincubation of HEK293/OATP1B1 cells with 21 uremic toxins resulted in almost no change in the uptake of a typical substrate [3H]estrone-3-sulfate (E1S), although some directly inhibited [3H]E1S uptake. In contrast, preincubation with an indole metabolite, 6-hydroxyindole, reduced [3H]E1S uptake, even after the inhibitor was washed out before [3H]E1S incubation. Such long-lasting inhibition by 6-hydroxyindole was time-dependent and recovered after a 3-h incubation without 6-hydroxyindole. Preincubation with 6-hydroxyindole increased the Km for [3H]E1S uptake with minimal change in Vmax. This was compatible with no change in the cell-surface expression of OATP1B1, as assessed by a biotinylation assay. Preincubation with 6-hydroxyindole reduced [3H]E1S uptake in human hepatocytes without changes in OATP1B1 mRNA. Plasma concentration of 6-hydroxyindole in renal failure patients increased as renal function decreased, but might be insufficient to exhibit potent OATP1B1 inhibition. In conclusion, 6-hydroxyindole is an endogenous long-lasting OATP1B1 inhibitor with elevated plasma concentrations in renal failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Seba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kogi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Okumura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Matsumoto
- Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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16
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Nozaki Y, Izumi S. Recent advances in preclinical in vitro approaches towards quantitative prediction of hepatic clearance and drug-drug interactions involving organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B transporters. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:56-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Lu C, Di L. In vitro
and
in vivo
methods to assess pharmacokinetic drug– drug interactions in drug discovery and development. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:3-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Lu
- Department of DMPKSanofi Company Waltham MA 02451
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and MetabolismPfizer Worldwide Research & Development Groton CT 06340
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18
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Benjanuwattra J, Pruksakorn D, Koonrungsesomboon N. Mycophenolic Acid and Its Pharmacokinetic Drug‐Drug Interactions in Humans: Review of the Evidence and Clinical Implications. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:295-311. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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