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Teerawonganan P, Hasriadi, Dasuni Wasana PW, Angsuwattana P, Suksamrarn A, Nalinratana N, Vajragupta O, Towiwat P, Thitikornpong W, Rojsitthisak P. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Mechanistic Evaluation of Tetrahydrocurcumin-Amino Acid Conjugates as LAT1-Targeting Anticancer Agents in C6 Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11266. [PMID: 39457050 PMCID: PMC11509005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a fatal brain cancer with limited treatments and poor prognosis, could benefit from targeting the L-type amino acid transporter I (LAT1). LAT1 is essential for cancer cells to acquire necessary amino acids. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a key curcumin derivative, shows potential for glioblastoma treatment. However, its effectiveness is hindered by poor physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, this study aims to improve the therapeutic efficacy of THC against glioblastoma by chemically modifying it to target LAT1. A novel series of THC-amino acid conjugates were synthesized by conjugating five amino acids: glycine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine to THC via carbamate bonds. The therapeutic efficacy of THC-amino acid conjugates was further examined in C6 glioma cells, including the role of LAT1 in their therapeutic effects. Among the conjugates tested, THC conjugated with two phenylalanines (THC-di-Phe) showed remarkably higher cytotoxicity against C6 glioma cells (35.8 μM) compared to THC alone (110.7 μM). THC-di-Phe induced cellular death via necrosis and apoptosis, outperforming THC. Additionally, THC-di-Phe inhibited C6 cell proliferation and migration more effectively than THC. Co-incubation of THC-di-Phe with the LAT1 inhibitor 2-Aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) further increased cellular death. THC-di-Phe also significantly inhibited the P70SK/S6 pathway, regulated by LAT1 inhibitors, more effectively than THC and displayed a similar binding mode with both JX-075 and BCH to the active site of LAT1. Findings suggest the potential role of THC-di-Phe as a LAT1 inhibitor and provide novel insight into its use as a potent antitumor agent in glioma with increased therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polsak Teerawonganan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (H.); (N.N.); (O.V.); (P.T.); (W.T.)
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hasriadi
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (H.); (N.N.); (O.V.); (P.T.); (W.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peththa Wadu Dasuni Wasana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Pornpoom Angsuwattana
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand;
| | - Nonthaneth Nalinratana
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (H.); (N.N.); (O.V.); (P.T.); (W.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (H.); (N.N.); (O.V.); (P.T.); (W.T.)
- Molecular Probes for Imaging Research Network, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasarapa Towiwat
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (H.); (N.N.); (O.V.); (P.T.); (W.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Worathat Thitikornpong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (H.); (N.N.); (O.V.); (P.T.); (W.T.)
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (H.); (N.N.); (O.V.); (P.T.); (W.T.)
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Comanescu C, Racovita RC. An Overview of Degradation Strategies for Amitriptyline. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3822. [PMID: 38612638 PMCID: PMC11012176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of mental health disorders, but their efficacy and safety can be compromised by drug degradation. Recent reports point to several drugs found in concentrations ranging from the limit of detection (LOD) to hundreds of ng/L in wastewater plants around the globe; hence, antidepressants can be considered emerging pollutants with potential consequences for human health and wellbeing. Understanding and implementing effective degradation strategies are essential not only to ensure the stability and potency of these medications but also for their safe disposal in line with current environment remediation goals. This review provides an overview of degradation pathways for amitriptyline, a typical tricyclic antidepressant drug, by exploring chemical routes such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and photodegradation. Connex issues such as stability-enhancing approaches through formulation and packaging considerations, regulatory guidelines, and quality control measures are also briefly noted. Specific case studies of amitriptyline degradation pathways forecast the future perspectives and challenges in this field, helping researchers and pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide guidelines for the most effective degradation pathways employed for minimal environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Comanescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu St., District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Radu C. Racovita
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu St., District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Design, synthesis and docking study of Vortioxetine derivatives as a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor. DARU : JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF PHARMACY, TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 30:139-152. [PMID: 35508799 PMCID: PMC9067898 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Vortioxetine an anti-depressant FDA-drug recently reported showing better in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this study, we have synthesized ten new derivatives having alkenes, alkynes, benzyl, aryl, and mixed carbamate at the N-terminal of vortioxetine. Then the binding energy and interactions with the crucial amino acid residues in the binding pocket of main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, of reported and ten newly synthesized vortioxetine derivatives (total thirty-one) in comparison with remdesivir are analyzed and presented in this paper. Results Based on the docking scores predicted by ADV and AD, most vortioxetine derivatives showed better binding efficiency towards Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with remdesivir (an EUA approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) and vortioxetine. Conclusion This study shows that some vortioxetine derivatives can be developed into promising drugs for COVID-19 treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40199-022-00441-z.
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