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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Vitharana S, Stillahn JM, Katayama DS, Henry CS, Manning MC. Application of Formulation Principles to Stability Issues Encountered During Processing, Manufacturing, and Storage of Drug Substance and Drug Product Protein Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2724-2751. [PMID: 37572779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of formulation and stabilization of protein therapeutics has become rather extensive. However, most of the focus has been on stabilization of the final drug product. Yet, proteins experience stress and degradation through the manufacturing process, starting with fermentaition. This review describes how formulation principles can be applied to stabilize biopharmaceutical proteins during bioprocessing and manufacturing, considering each unit operation involved in prepration of the drug substance. In addition, the impact of the container on stabilty is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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3
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Zeng Y, Naik S, Tran T, Wuthrich P, Muni N, Mahoney RP. Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Study on Caffeine as an Excipient for Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2933-2937. [PMID: 37517525 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a novel excipient that effectively reduces viscosity of high concentration mAb formulations intended for subcutaneous (SQ) delivery. Two preclinical studies were conducted in rats to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of caffeine as well as its effects on the PK profile of a model mAb, namely ipilimumab. Results show that SQ absorption and elimination of caffeine was rapid, with the average Tmax of 0.4 h and T1/2 of 1.6 h, administered with or without ipilimumab. Furthermore, caffeine did not affect ipilimumab SQ PK profiles. Independent of caffeine concentration, ipilimumab serum T1/2 was between 2 and 3 days, Tmax was between 3 and 4 days and SQ bioavailability was about 64%. In addition, SQ injection of caffeine at different dose levels showed no irritation at the injection site or adverse effects. Results from the current PK studies warrant further development of caffeine as a viscosity reducing excipient for mAb SQ formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zeng
- Comera Life Sciences, Inc., 12 Gill Street Suite 4650, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
| | - Subhashchandra Naik
- Comera Life Sciences, Inc., 12 Gill Street Suite 4650, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Timothy Tran
- Comera Life Sciences, Inc., 12 Gill Street Suite 4650, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Philip Wuthrich
- Comera Life Sciences, Inc., 12 Gill Street Suite 4650, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Neal Muni
- Comera Life Sciences, Inc., 12 Gill Street Suite 4650, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Robert P Mahoney
- Comera Life Sciences, Inc., 12 Gill Street Suite 4650, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
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4
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Mosca I, Pounot K, Beck C, Colin L, Matsarskaia O, Grapentin C, Seydel T, Schreiber F. Biophysical Determinants for the Viscosity of Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Solutions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4698-4713. [PMID: 37549226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are particularly relevant for therapeutics due to their high specificity and versatility, and mAb-based drugs are hence used to treat numerous diseases. The increased patient compliance of self-administration motivates the formulation of products for subcutaneous (SC) administration. The associated challenge is to formulate highly concentrated antibody solutions to achieve a significant therapeutic effect, while limiting their viscosity and preserving their physicochemical stability. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are in fact the root cause of several potential problems concerning the stability, manufacturability, and delivery of a drug product. The understanding of macroscopic viscosity requires an in-depth knowledge on protein diffusion, PPIs, and self-association/aggregation. Here, we study the self-diffusion of different mAbs of the IgG1 subtype in aqueous solution as a function of the concentration and temperature by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). QENS allows us to probe the short-time self-diffusion of the molecules and therefore to determine the hydrodynamic mAb cluster size and to gain information on the internal mAb dynamics. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is jointly employed to probe structural details and to understand the nature and intensity of PPIs. Complementary information is provided by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and viscometry, thus obtaining a comprehensive picture of mAb diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mosca
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Kévin Pounot
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Christian Beck
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Louise Colin
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Olga Matsarskaia
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | | | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 Av. des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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5
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Mieczkowski CA. The Evolution of Commercial Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1801-1810. [PMID: 37037341 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been nearly four decades since the first therapeutic monoclonal antibodies were approved and made available for widespread human use. Herein, US and EU approved antibody formulations are reviewed, and their nature and compositions are evaluated over time. From 1986 through Jan 2023, significant formulation trends have occurred and to represent this, 165 commercial antibody therapeutic formulations were binned into 5 different periods of time. Overall, we have observed the following: 1) The average formulation pH has decreased in recent years by over 0.5 units along with a decrease in variability that is largely driven by non-high concentration liquid in vial presentations for IV administration, 2) The use of certain excipients and buffers such as histidine, sucrose, metal chelators, arginine and methionine has become significantly more common, whereas formulations that contain phosphate, salt, no sugar or no surfactant have fallen out of favor, 3) Overall formulation space has increasingly become more homogenous and has converged in terms of formulation pH and excipient preferences regardless of formulation concentration, drug product presentation, and route of administration, 4) The average calculated isoelectric point (pI) has decreased 0.26 units, and 5) Overall, the average formulation pH and calculated pI for all commercial antibodies surveyed was 6.0 and 8.4, respectively. These trends and formulation convergence may be driven by multiple factors such as advancements in high-throughput computational and analytical technologies, the increased emphasis and understanding of certain developability attributes and formulation principles during lead selection and formulation development, and the adoption of low-risk development platform approaches.
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Schmitt J, Razvi A, Grapentin C. Predictive modeling of concentration-dependent viscosity behavior of monoclonal antibody solutions using artificial neural networks. MAbs 2023; 15:2169440. [PMID: 36705325 PMCID: PMC9888472 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2169440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solutions of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can show increased viscosity at high concentration, which can be a disadvantage during protein purification, filling, and administration. The viscosity is determined by protein-protein-interactions, which are influenced by the antibody's sequence as well as solution conditions, like pH, buffer type, or the presence of salts and other excipients. To predict viscosity, experimental parameters, like the diffusion interaction parameter (kD), or computational tools harnessing information derived from primary sequence, are often used, but a reliable predictive tool is still missing. We present a modeling approach employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) using experimental factors combined with simulation-derived parameters plus viscosity data from 27 highly concentrated (180 mg/mL) mAbs. These ANNs can be used to predict if mAbs exhibit problematic viscosity at distinct concentrations or to model viscosity-concentration-curves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Razvi
- Lonza AG/Ltd, Drug Product Services, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Grapentin
- Lonza AG/Ltd, Drug Product Services, Basel, Switzerland,CONTACT Christoph Grapentin
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7
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Zarzar J, Khan T, Bhagawati M, Weiche B, Sydow-Andersen J, Alavattam S. High concentration formulation developability approaches and considerations. MAbs 2023; 15:2211185. [PMID: 37191233 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2211185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing need for biologics to be administered subcutaneously and ocularly, coupled with certain indications requiring high doses, has resulted in an increase in drug substance (DS) and drug product (DP) protein concentrations. With this increase, more emphasis must be placed on identifying critical physico-chemical liabilities during drug development, including protein aggregation, precipitation, opalescence, particle formation, and high viscosity. Depending on the molecule, liabilities, and administration route, different formulation strategies can be used to overcome these challenges. However, due to the high material requirements, identifying optimal conditions can be slow, costly, and often prevent therapeutics from moving rapidly into the clinic/market. In order to accelerate and derisk development, new experimental and in-silico methods have emerged that can predict high concentration liabilities. Here, we review the challenges in developing high concentration formulations, the advances that have been made in establishing low mass and high-throughput predictive analytics, and advances in in-silico tools and algorithms aimed at identifying risks and understanding high concentration protein behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Zarzar
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tarik Khan
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maniraj Bhagawati
- Large Molecule Research, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weiche
- Large Molecule Research, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Sydow-Andersen
- Large Molecule Research, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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8
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Mieczkowski C, Zhang X, Lee D, Nguyen K, Lv W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Way J, Gries JM. Blueprint for antibody biologics developability. MAbs 2023; 15:2185924. [PMID: 36880643 PMCID: PMC10012935 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2185924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-molecule antibody biologics have revolutionized medicine owing to their superior target specificity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, safety and toxicity profiles, and amenability to versatile engineering. In this review, we focus on preclinical antibody developability, including its definition, scope, and key activities from hit to lead optimization and selection. This includes generation, computational and in silico approaches, molecular engineering, production, analytical and biophysical characterization, stability and forced degradation studies, and process and formulation assessments. More recently, it is apparent these activities not only affect lead selection and manufacturability, but ultimately correlate with clinical progression and success. Emerging developability workflows and strategies are explored as part of a blueprint for developability success that includes an overview of the four major molecular properties that affect all developability outcomes: 1) conformational, 2) chemical, 3) colloidal, and 4) other interactions. We also examine risk assessment and mitigation strategies that increase the likelihood of success for moving the right candidate into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Mieczkowski
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Xuejin Zhang
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Dana Lee
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Jackie Way
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Gries
- President, Discovery Research, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
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9
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Yang D, Walker LM. Synergistic Effects of Multiple Excipients on Controlling Viscosity of Concentrated Protein Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2022; 112:1379-1387. [PMID: 36539064 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity control is essential for the manufacturing and delivery of concentrated therapeutic proteins. Limited availability of the precious protein-based drugs hinders the characterization and screening of the formulation conditions with new types or different combinations of excipients. In this work, a droplet-based microfluidic device with incorporated multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) is developed to quantify the effects of two excipients, arginine hydrochloride (ArgHCl) and caffeine, on the viscosity of concentrated bovine gamma globulin (BGG) dispersions at two different values of pH. The effectiveness of both ArgHCl and caffeine show dependence on the BGG concentration and solution pH. The data set with high compositional resolution provides useful information to guide formulation with multiple viscosity-reducing excipients and quantification appropriate to start elucidating the connection to protein-protein interaction mechanisms. Overall, this work has demonstrated that the developed microfluidic approach has the potential to effectively assess the impact of multiple excipients on the viscosity and provide data for computational methods to predict viscosity for high concentration protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Lynn M Walker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
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10
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Advanced Formulations/Drug Delivery Systems for Subcutaneous Delivery of Protein-Based Biotherapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2968-2982. [PMID: 36058255 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple advanced formulations and drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed to deliver protein-based biotherapeutics via the subcutaneous (SC) route. These formulations/DDSs include high-concentration solution, co-formulation of two or more proteins, large volume injection, protein cluster/complex, suspension, nanoparticle, microparticle, and hydrogel. These advanced systems provide clinical benefits related to efficacy and safety, but meanwhile, have more complicated formulations and manufacturing processes compared to conventional solution formulations. To develop a fit-for-purpose formulation/DDS for SC delivery, scientists need to consider multiple factors, such as the primary indication, targeted site, immunogenicity, compatibility, biopharmaceutics, patient compliance, etc. Next, they need to develop appropriate formulation (s) and manufacturing processes using the QbD principle and have a control strategy. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of advanced formulations/DDSs recently developed for SC delivery of proteins, as well as some knowledge gaps and potential strategies to narrow them through future research.
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11
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Huang C, Chen L, Franzen L, Anderski J, Qian F. Spray-Dried Monoclonal Antibody Suspension for High-Concentration and Low-Viscosity Subcutaneous Injection. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1505-1514. [PMID: 35417176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Administration of highly concentrated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through injection is often not possible as the viscosity can be readily above 50 mPa·s when the concentration exceeds 150 mg/mL. Besides, highly concentrated mAb solutions always exhibit increased aggregation propensity and lower stability, which raise the difficulty for the successful development of highly concentrated mAb formulations. We hereby explored the possibility of suspension as another formulation form for high-concentration proteins to reduce viscosity and maintain stability. Specifically, we demonstrated that spray drying can serve as a process to prepare particles for suspension. Particles prepared from formulations with different mAb/trehalose mass ratios displayed good physical stability and antibody binding affinity, as indicated by circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based bioassay analyses. During spray drying, a surface tension-dominated enrichment of mAb on the particle surface was observed, but this did not show a significant negative impact on mAb stability. Spray-dried particles were subsequently suspended into benzyl benzoate, and the resulting suspension showed good stability and a lower viscosity when compared to its counterpart solution. Furthermore, mAbs recovered from the suspension maintained their conformational structure. Our study demonstrated that the suspension displayed low viscosity and good physical stability, so it may offer novel opportunities for the preparation of highly concentrated protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengnan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Linc Chen
- Bayer Healthcare Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100020, P. R. China
| | - Lutz Franzen
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, 42096, Germany
| | - Juliane Anderski
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, 42096, Germany
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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12
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Nakauchi Y, Nishinami S, Murakami Y, Ogura T, Kano H, Shiraki K. Opalescence Arising from Network Assembly in Antibody Solution. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1160-1167. [PMID: 35274955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Opalescence of therapeutic antibody solutions is one of the concerns in drug formulation. However, the mechanistic insights into the opalescence of antibody solutions remain unclear. Here, we investigated the assembly states of antibody molecules as a function of antibody concentration. The solutions of bovine gamma globulin and human immunoglobulin G at around 100 mg/mL showed the formation of submicron-scale network assemblies. The network assembly resulted in the appearance of opalescence with a transparent blue color without the precipitates of antibodies. Furthermore, the addition of trehalose and arginine, previously known to act as protein stabilizers and protein aggregation suppressors, was able to suppress the opalescence arising from the network assembly. These results will provide an important information for evaluating and improving protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Nakauchi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Suguru Nishinami
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Kyusyu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Jiskoot W, Hawe A, Menzen T, Volkin DB, Crommelin DJA. Ongoing Challenges to Develop High Concentration Monoclonal Antibody-based Formulations for Subcutaneous Administration: Quo Vadis? J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:861-867. [PMID: 34813800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although many subcutaneously (s.c.) delivered, high-concentration antibody formulations (HCAF) have received regulatory approval and are widely used commercially, formulation scientists are still presented with many ongoing challenges during HCAF development with new mAb and mAb-based candidates. Depending on the specific physicochemical and biological properties of a particular mAb-based molecule, such challenges vary from pharmaceutical attributes e.g., stability, viscosity, manufacturability, to clinical performance e.g., bioavailability, immunogenicity, and finally to patient experience e.g., preference for s.c. vs. intravenous delivery and/or preferred interactions with health-care professionals. This commentary focuses on one key formulation obstacle encountered during HCAF development: how to maximize the dose of the drug? We examine methodologies for increasing the protein concentration, increasing the volume delivered, or combining both approaches together. We discuss commonly encountered hurdles, i.e., physical protein instability and solution volume limitations, and we provide recommendations to formulation scientists to facilitate their development of s.c. administered HCAF with new mAb-based product candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Hawe
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tim Menzen
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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