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Uspenskaya EV, Kuzmina E, Quynh HTN, Komkova MA, Kazimova IV, Timofeev AA. Influence of Mechanical Loading on the Process of Tribochemical Action on Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties of Substances, Using Lacosamide as an Example: From Micronisation to Mechanical Activation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:798. [PMID: 38931919 PMCID: PMC11207894 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many physical and chemical properties of solids, such as strength, plasticity, dispersibility, solubility and dissolution are determined by defects in the crystal structure. The aim of this work is to study in situ dynamic, dispersion, chemical, biological and surface properties of lacosamide powder after a complete cycle of mechanical loading by laser scattering, electron microscopy, FR-IR and biopharmaceutical approaches. The SLS method demonstrated the spontaneous tendency toward surface-energy reduction due to aggregation during micronisation. DLS analysis showed conformational changes of colloidal particles as supramolecular complexes depending on the loading time on the solid. SEM analysis demonstrated the conglomeration of needle-like lacosamide particles after 60 min of milling time and the transition to a glassy state with isotropy of properties by the end of the tribochemistry cycle. The following dynamic properties of lacosamide were established: elastic and plastic deformation boundaries, region of inhomogeneous deformation and fracture point. The ratio of dissolution-rate constants in water of samples before and after a full cycle of loading was 2.4. The lacosamide sample, which underwent a full cycle of mechanical loading, showed improved kinetics of API release via analysis of dissolution profiles in 0.1 M HCl medium. The observed activation-energy values of the cell-death biosensor process in aqueous solutions of the lacosamide samples before and after the complete tribochemical cycle were 207 kJmol-1 and 145 kJmol-1, respectively. The equilibrium time of dissolution and activation of cell-biosensor death corresponding to 20 min of mechanical loading on a solid was determined. The current study may have important practical significance for the transformation and management of the properties of drug substances in solid form and in solutions and for increasing the strength of drug matrices by pre-strain hardening via structural rearrangements during mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Uspenskaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.K.); (H.T.N.Q.); (M.A.K.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Kuzmina
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.K.); (H.T.N.Q.); (M.A.K.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Hoang Thi Ngoc Quynh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.K.); (H.T.N.Q.); (M.A.K.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Maria A. Komkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.K.); (H.T.N.Q.); (M.A.K.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Ilaha V. Kazimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.K.); (H.T.N.Q.); (M.A.K.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Aleksey A. Timofeev
- Scientific and Educational Resource Centre “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia;
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Anjum F, Viville T, Nandi S, Wessner M, De Witte B, Collas A, Sadowski G. Bottom-up production of injectable itraconazole suspensions using membrane technology. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123977. [PMID: 38458403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Bottom-up production of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystal suspensions offers advantages in surface property control and operational ease over top-down methods. However, downstream separation and concentration pose challenges. This proof-of-concept study explores membrane diafiltration as a comprehensive solution for downstream processing of API crystal suspensions produced via anti-solvent crystallization. It involves switching the residual solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP) with water, adjusting the excipient (d-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, TPGS) quantity, and enhancing API loading (solid concentration) in itraconazole crystal suspensions. NMP concentration was decreased from 9 wt% to below 0.05 wt% (in compliance with European Medicine Agency guidelines), while the TPGS concentration was decreased from 0.475 wt% to 0.07 wt%. This reduced the TPGS-to-itraconazole ratio from 1:2 to less than 1:50 and raised the itraconazole loading from 1 wt% to 35.6 wt%. Importantly, these changes did not adversely affect the itraconazole crystal stability in suspension. This study presents membrane diafiltration as a one-step solution to address downstream challenges in bottom-up API crystal suspension production. These findings contribute to optimizing pharmaceutical manufacturing processes and hold promise for advancing the development of long-acting API crystal suspensions via bottom-up production techniques at a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Anjum
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Thaïsa Viville
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Snehashis Nandi
- Therapeutics Development & Supply, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Maximilian Wessner
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Bruno De Witte
- Therapeutics Development & Supply, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Alain Collas
- Therapeutics Development & Supply, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Modhave D, Barrios B, Iyer J, Paudel A. Influence of Crystal Disorder on the Forced Oxidative Degradation of Vortioxetine HBr. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 38158448 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of the solid-state disorder of vortioxetine hydrobromide (HBr) on oxidative degradation under accelerated conditions. A range of solid-state disorders was generated via cryogenic ball milling. The solid-state properties were evaluated by calorimetry, infrared-, and Raman spectroscopies. While salt disproportionation occurred upon milling, no chemical degradation occurred by milling. The amorphous fraction remained physically intact under ambient storage conditions. Subsequently, samples with representative disordered fractions were mixed with a solid oxidative stressor (PVP-H2O2 complex) and were compressed to compacts. The compacts were exposed to 40°C/75% RH for up to 6 h. The sample was periodically withdrawn and analyzed for the physical transformations and degradation. Two oxidative degradation products (DPs) were found to be formed, for which dissimilar relations to the degree of disorder and kinetics of formation were observed. The degradation rate of the major DP formation obtained by fitting the exponential model to the experimental data was found to increase up to a certain degree of disorder and decrease with a further increase in the disordered fraction. In contrast, the minor DP formation kinetics was found to increase monotonically with the increase in the disorder content. For the similar crystallinity level, the degradation trend (rate and extent) differed between the single-phase disorder generated by milling and physically mixed two-phase systems. Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the physical and chemical (in)stabilities of the disordered solid state of a salt form of a drug substance, generated through mechano-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray Modhave
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Brenda Barrios
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jayant Iyer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
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Bookwala M, Wildfong PLD. Re-visitation of Two Models for Predicting Mechanically-Induced Disordering after Cryogenic Impact Milling. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2887-2902. [PMID: 37523015 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the prediction accuracy of two models used to characterize the complete disordering potential of materials after extensive cryogenic milling. METHODS Elastic shear moduli (μs) were simulated in silico. Comparison with available literature values confirmed that computations were reasonable. Complete disordering potential was predicted using the critical dislocation density (ρcrit) and bivariate empirical models. To compare the prediction accuracy of the models, each material added for dataset expansion was cryomilled for up to 5 hr. Mechanical disordering after comminution was characterized using PXRD and DSC, and pooled with previously published results. RESULTS Simulated μs enabled predictions using the ρcrit model for 29 materials. This model mischaracterized the complete disordering behavior for 13/29 materials, giving an overall prediction accuracy of 55%. The originally published bivariate empirical model classification boundary correctly grouped the disordering potential for 31/32 materials from the expanded dataset. Recalibration of this model retained a 94% prediction accuracy, with only 2 misclassifications. CONCLUSIONS Prediction accuracy of the ρcrit model decreased with dataset expansion, relative to previously published results. Overall, the ρcrit model was considerably less accurate relative to the bivariate empirical model, which retained very high prediction accuracy for the expanded dataset. Although the empirical model does not imply a mechanism, model robustness suggests the importance of glass transition temperature (Tg) and molar volume (Mv) on formation and persistence of amorphous materials following extensive cryomilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bookwala
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 422C Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Peter L D Wildfong
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 422C Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
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Iyer J, Morgan LM, Harrison P, Davis A, Ray A, Mitsche S, Hofer F, Saraf I, Paudel A. Applying Material Science Principles to Chemical Stability: Modelling Solid State Autoxidation in Mifepristone Containing Different Degrees of Crystal Disorder. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2463-2482. [PMID: 37031865 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Ball-milling and harsh manufacturing processes often generate crystal disorder which have practical implications on the physical and chemical stabilities of solid drugs during subsequent storage, transport, and handling. The impact of the physical state of solid drugs, containing different degrees/levels of crystal disorder, on their autoxidative stability under storage has not been widely investigated. This study investigates the impact of differing degrees of crystal disorder on the autoxidation of Mifepristone (MFP) to develop a predictive (semi-empirical) stability model. Crystalline MFP was subjected to different durations of ambient ball milling, and the resulting disorder/ amorphous content was quantified using a partial least square (PLS) regression model based on Raman spectroscopy data. Samples of MFP milled to generate varying levels of disorder were subjected to a range of (accelerated) stability conditions, and periodically sampled to examine their recrystallization and degradation extents. Crystallinity was monitored by Raman spectroscopy, and the degradation was evaluated by liquid chromatography. The analyses of milled samples demonstrated a competition between recrystallization and degradation via autoxidation of MFP, to different extents depending on stability conditions/exposure time. The degradation kinetics were analyzed by accounting for the preceding amorphous content, and fitted with a diffusion model. An extended Arrhenius equation was used to predict the degradation of stored samples under long-term (25°C/60% RH) and accelerated (40°C/75% RH, 50°C/75% RH) stability conditions. This study highlights the utility of such a predictive stability model for identifying the autoxidative instability in non-crystalline/partially crystalline MFP, owing to the degradation of the amorphous phases. This study is particularly useful for identifying drug-product instability by leveraging the concept of material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Iyer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Lucy M Morgan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK
| | - Pamela Harrison
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Adrian Davis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK
| | - Andrew Ray
- New Modalities & Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Stefan Mitsche
- FELMI ZFE-Austrian Center for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Hofer
- FELMI ZFE-Austrian Center for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Isha Saraf
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz 8010, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz 8010, Austria.
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