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Lai YT, Sasamura T, Kuroda J, Maeda R, Nakamura M, Hatori R, Ishibashi T, Taniguchi K, Ooike M, Taguchi T, Nakazawa N, Hozumi S, Okumura T, Aigaki T, Inaki M, Matsuno K. The Drosophila AWP1 ortholog Doctor No regulates JAK/STAT signaling for left-right asymmetry in the gut by promoting receptor endocytosis. Development 2023; 150:293490. [PMID: 36861793 PMCID: PMC10112927 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Many organs of Drosophila show stereotypical left-right (LR) asymmetry; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we have identified an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin-binding protein, AWP1/Doctor No (Drn), as a factor required for LR asymmetry in the embryonic anterior gut. We found that drn is essential in the circular visceral muscle cells of the midgut for JAK/STAT signaling, which contributes to the first known cue for anterior gut lateralization via LR asymmetric nuclear rearrangement. Embryos homozygous for drn and lacking its maternal contribution showed phenotypes similar to those with depleted JAK/STAT signaling, suggesting that Drn is a general component of JAK/STAT signaling. Absence of Drn resulted in specific accumulation of Domeless (Dome), the receptor for ligands in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, in intracellular compartments, including ubiquitylated cargos. Dome colocalized with Drn in wild-type Drosophila. These results suggest that Drn is required for the endocytic trafficking of Dome, which is a crucial step for activation of JAK/STAT signaling and the subsequent degradation of Dome. The roles of AWP1/Drn in activating JAK/STAT signaling and in LR asymmetric development may be conserved in various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Reo Maeda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Ooike
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Taguchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naotaka Nakazawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shunya Hozumi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Mikiko Inaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Mechanical forces directing intestinal form and function. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R791-R805. [PMID: 35882203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate intestine experiences a range of intrinsically generated and external forces during both development and adult homeostasis. It is increasingly understood how the coordination of these forces shapes the intestine through organ-scale folding and epithelial organization into crypt-villus compartments. Moreover, accumulating evidence shows that several cell types in the adult intestine can sense and respond to forces to regulate key cellular processes underlying adult intestinal functions and self-renewal. In this way, transduction of forces may direct both intestinal homeostasis as well as adaptation to external stimuli, such as food ingestion or injury. In this review, we will discuss recent insights from complementary model systems into the force-dependent mechanisms that establish and maintain the unique architecture of the intestine, as well as its homeostatic regulation and function throughout adult life.
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Shin D, Nakamura M, Morishita Y, Eiraku M, Yamakawa T, Sasamura T, Akiyama M, Inaki M, Matsuno K. Collective nuclear behavior shapes bilateral nuclear symmetry for subsequent left-right asymmetric morphogenesis in Drosophila. Development 2021; 148:260539. [PMID: 34097729 PMCID: PMC8126412 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proper organ development often requires nuclei to move to a specific position within the cell. To determine how nuclear positioning affects left-right (LR) development in the Drosophila anterior midgut (AMG), we developed a surface-modeling method to measure and describe nuclear behavior at stages 13-14, captured in three-dimensional time-lapse movies. We describe the distinctive positioning and a novel collective nuclear behavior by which nuclei align LR symmetrically along the anterior-posterior axis in the visceral muscles that overlie the midgut and are responsible for the LR-asymmetric development of this organ. Wnt4 signaling is crucial for the collective behavior and proper positioning of the nuclei, as are myosin II and the LINC complex, without which the nuclei fail to align LR symmetrically. The LR-symmetric positioning of the nuclei is important for the subsequent LR-asymmetric development of the AMG. We propose that the bilaterally symmetrical positioning of these nuclei may be mechanically coupled with subsequent LR-asymmetric morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsun Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Morishita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Department of Biosystems Science, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamakawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masakazu Akiyama
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakanoku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Mikiko Inaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of myosin genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gene 2019; 691:45-55. [PMID: 30611842 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myosins are a large family of actin filament-based motor proteins with a broad range of functions such as intracellular membrane trafficking, endocytosis, exocytosis, organellar transport, growth cone motility, cytokinesis, and cell locomotion. They are found in many organisms from fungi to humans. The myosin gene family in Bombyx mori is poorly studied, even though the molecular functions of these genes in vertebrates and insects, such as Drosophila, are well known. We identified 16 myosin genes from B. mori and identified the myosin genes in 12 vertebrates, eight insects, three nematodes, and seven protozoa. The number of myosin genes in vertebrates is double the number in invertebrates. The number of myosin isoforms in classes I and II is larger in vertebrates compared to invertebrates. B. mori myosin genes can be classified into 11 classes. Compared to B. mori, some myosin classes are not present in other insects. Classes I, II, XVIII, and XXI appear to be important for insect survival because they are conserved among nine insects. The relatively large sizes of B. mori myosin genes are due to their longer introns. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that many B. mori myosin genes have tissue-specific expression and exhibit temporal-specific activity during metamorphosis. These data provide insights into evolutionary and functional aspects of B. mori myosin genes that could be useful for the study of homologous myosins in other Lepidoptera species.
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Ferreira RR, Vermot J. The balancing roles of mechanical forces during left-right patterning and asymmetric morphogenesis. Mech Dev 2017; 144:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Heissler SM, Chinthalapudi K, Sellers JR. Kinetic characterization of the sole nonmuscle myosin-2 from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. FASEB J 2015; 29:1456-66. [PMID: 25636739 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin-2 is the primary enzyme complex powering contractility of the F-actin cytoskeleton in the model organism Drosophila. Despite myosin's essential function in fly development and homeostasis, its kinetic features remain elusive. The purpose of this in vitro study is a detailed steady-state and presteady-state kinetic characterization of the Drosophila nonmuscle myosin-2 motor domain. Kinetic features are a slow steady-state ATPase activity, high affinities for F-actin and ADP, and a low duty ratio. Comparative analysis of the overall enzymatic signatures across the nonmuscle myosin-2 complement from model organisms indicates that the Drosophila protein resembles nonmuscle myosin-2s from metazoa rather than protozoa, though modulatory aspects of myosin motor function are distinct. Drosophila nonmuscle myosin-2 is uniquely insensitive toward blebbistatin, a commonly used myosin-2 inhibitor. An in silico modeling approach together with kinetic studies indicate that the nonconsensus amino acid Met466 in the Drosophila nonmuscle myosin-2 active-site loop switch-2 acts as blebbistatin desensitizer. Introduction of the M466I mutation sensitized the protein for blebbistatin, resulting in a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 36.3 ± 4.1 µM. Together, these data show that Drosophila nonmuscle myosin-2 is a bona fide molecular motor and establish an important link between switch-2 and blebbistatin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- *Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and The Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- *Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and The Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- *Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and The Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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8
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Boukhatmi H, Schaub C, Bataillé L, Reim I, Frendo JL, Frasch M, Vincent A. An Org-1-Tup transcriptional cascade reveals different types of alary muscles connecting internal organs in Drosophila. Development 2014; 141:3761-71. [PMID: 25209244 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The T-box transcription factor Tbx1 and the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 are key components in regulatory circuits that generate myogenic and cardiogenic lineage diversity in chordates. We show here that Org-1 and Tup, the Drosophila orthologs of Tbx1 and Islet1, are co-expressed and required for formation of the heart-associated alary muscles (AMs) in the abdomen. The same holds true for lineage-related muscles in the thorax that have not been described previously, which we name thoracic alary-related muscles (TARMs). Lineage analyses identified the progenitor cell for each AM and TARM. Three-dimensional high-resolution analyses indicate that AMs and TARMs connect the exoskeleton to the aorta/heart and to different regions of the midgut, respectively, and surround-specific tracheal branches, pointing to an architectural role in the internal anatomy of the larva. Org-1 controls tup expression in the AM/TARM lineage by direct binding to two regulatory sites within an AM/TARM-specific cis-regulatory module, tupAME. The contributions of Org-1 and Tup to the specification of Drosophila AMs and TARMs provide new insights into the transcriptional control of Drosophila larval muscle diversification and highlight new parallels with gene regulatory networks involved in the specification of cardiopharyngeal mesodermal derivatives in chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Boukhatmi
- Université de Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547 CNRS and FRBT, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, Cedex 09, France
| | - Christoph Schaub
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Staudtstraβe 5, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Laetitia Bataillé
- Université de Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547 CNRS and FRBT, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, Cedex 09, France
| | - Ingolf Reim
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Staudtstraβe 5, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jean-Louis Frendo
- Université de Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547 CNRS and FRBT, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, Cedex 09, France
| | - Manfred Frasch
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Staudtstraβe 5, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Alain Vincent
- Université de Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547 CNRS and FRBT, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, Cedex 09, France
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9
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Yamazaki R, Ishibashi T, Baba H, Yamaguchi Y. Unconventional myosin ID is expressed in myelinating oligodendrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1286-94. [PMID: 24903835 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a dynamic multilamellar structure that ensheathes axons and is crucial for normal neuronal function. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes that wrap many layers of plasma membrane around axons. The dynamic membrane trafficking system, which relies on motor proteins, is required for myelin formation and maintenance. Previously, we found that myosin ID (Myo1d), a class I myosin, is enriched in the rat CNS myelin fraction. Myo1d is an unconventional myosin and has been shown to be involved in membrane trafficking in the recycling pathway in an epithelial cell line. Western blotting revealed that Myo1d expression begins early in myelinogenesis and continues to increase into adulthood. The localization of Myo1d in CNS myelin has not been reported, and the function of Myo1d in vivo remains unknown. To demonstrate the expression of Myo1d in CNS myelin and to begin to explore the function of Myo1d in myelination, we produced a new antibody against Myo1d that has a high titer and specificity for rat Myo1d. By using this antibody, we demonstrated that Myo1d is expressed in rat CNS myelin and is especially abundant in abaxonal and adaxonal regions (the outer and inner cytoplasm-containing loops, respectively), but that expression is low in peripheral nervous system myelin. In culture, Myo1d was expressed in mature rat oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, an increase in expression of Myo1d during maturation of CNS white matter (cerebellum and corpus callosum) was demonstrated by histological analysis. These results suggest that Myo1d may be involved in the formation and/or maintenance of CNS myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Hatori R, Ando T, Sasamura T, Nakazawa N, Nakamura M, Taniguchi K, Hozumi S, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Matsuno K. Left-right asymmetry is formed in individual cells by intrinsic cell chirality. Mech Dev 2014; 133:146-62. [PMID: 24800645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Many animals show left-right (LR) asymmetric morphology. The mechanisms of LR asymmetric development are evolutionarily divergent, and they remain elusive in invertebrates. Various organs in Drosophila melanogaster show stereotypic LR asymmetry, including the embryonic gut. The Drosophila embryonic hindgut twists 90° left-handedly, thereby generating directional LR asymmetry. We recently revealed that the hindgut epithelial cell is chiral in shape and other properties; this is termed planar cell chirality (PCC). We previously showed by computer modeling that PCC is sufficient to induce the hindgut rotation. In addition, both the PCC and the direction of hindgut twisting are reversed in Myosin31DF (Myo31DF) mutants. Myo31DF encodes Drosophila MyosinID, an actin-based motor protein, whose molecular functions in LR asymmetric development are largely unknown. Here, to understand how PCC directs the asymmetric cell-shape, we analyzed PCC in genetic mosaics composed of cells homozygous for mutant Myo31DF, some of which also overexpressed wild-type Myo31DF. Wild-type cell-shape chirality only formed in the Myo31DF-overexpressing cells, suggesting that cell-shape chirality was established in each cell and reflects intrinsic PCC. A computer model recapitulating the development of this genetic mosaic suggested that mechanical interactions between cells are required for the cell-shape behavior seen in vivo. Our mosaic analysis also suggested that during hindgut rotation in vivo, wild-type Myo31DF suppresses the elongation of cell boundaries, supporting the idea that cell-shape chirality is an intrinsic property determined in each cell. However, the amount and distribution of F-actin and Myosin II, which are known to help generate the contraction force on cell boundaries, did not show differences between Myo31DF mutant cells and wild-type cells, suggesting that the static amount and distribution of these proteins are not involved in the suppression of cell-boundary elongation. Taken together, our results suggest that cell-shape chirality is intrinsically formed in each cell, and that mechanical force from intercellular interactions contributes to its formation and/or maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hatori
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 122-8585, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ando
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Function Simulation, Computational Biology Research Core, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naotaka Nakazawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 122-8585, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 122-8585, Japan
| | - Shunya Hozumi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 122-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Géminard C, González-Morales N, Coutelis JB, Noselli S. The myosin ID pathway and left-right asymmetry in Drosophila. Genesis 2014; 52:471-80. [PMID: 24585718 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila is a classical model to study body patterning, however left-right (L/R) asymmetry had remained unexplored, until recently. The discovery of the conserved myosin ID gene as a major determinant of L/R asymmetry has revealed a novel L/R pathway involving the actin cytoskeleton and the adherens junction. In this process, the HOX gene Abdominal-B plays a major role through the control of myosin ID expression and therefore symmetry breaking. In this review, we present organs and markers showing L/R asymmetry in Drosophila and discuss our current understanding of the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms. Drosophila represents a valuable model system revealing novel strategies to establish L/R asymmetry in invertebrates and providing an evolutionary perspective to the problem of laterality in bilateria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Géminard
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, institut de Biologie Valrose, iBV, Parc Valrose, Nice cedex 2, France; CNRS, institut de Biologie Valrose, iBV, UMR 7277, Parc Valrose, Nice cedex 2, France; INSERM, institut de Biologie Valrose, iBV, U1091, Parc Valrose, Nice cedex 2, France
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12
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Nakamura M, Matsumoto K, Iwamoto Y, Muguruma T, Nakazawa N, Hatori R, Taniguchi K, Maeda R, Matsuno K. Reduced cell number in the hindgut epithelium disrupts hindgut left–right asymmetry in a mutant of pebble, encoding a RhoGEF, in Drosophila embryos. Mech Dev 2013; 130:169-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Regional cell shape changes control form and function of Kupffer's vesicle in the zebrafish embryo. Dev Biol 2012; 370:52-62. [PMID: 22841644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cilia-generated fluid flow in an 'organ of asymmetry' is critical for establishing the left-right body axis in several vertebrate embryos. However, the cell biology underlying how motile cilia produce coordinated flow and asymmetric signals is not well defined. In the zebrafish organ of asymmetry-called Kupffer's vesicle (KV)-ciliated cells are asymmetrically positioned along the anterior-posterior axis such that more cilia are placed in the anterior region. We previously demonstrated that Rho kinase 2b (Rock2b) is required for anteroposterior asymmetry and fluid flow in KV, but it remained unclear how the distribution of ciliated cells becomes asymmetric during KV development. Here, we identify a morphogenetic process we refer to as 'KV remodeling' that transforms initial symmetry in KV architecture into anteroposterior asymmetry. Live imaging of KV cells revealed region-specific cell shape changes that mediate tight packing of ciliated cells into the anterior pole. Mathematical modeling indicated that different interfacial tensions in anterior and posterior KV cells are involved in KV remodeling. Interfering with non-muscle myosin II (referred to as Myosin II) activity, which modulates cellular interfacial tensions and is regulated by Rock proteins, disrupted KV cell shape changes and the anteroposterior distribution of KV cilia. Similar defects were observed in Rock2b depleted embryos. Furthermore, inhibiting Myosin II at specific stages of KV development perturbed asymmetric flow and left-right asymmetry. These results indicate that regional cell shape changes control the development of anteroposterior asymmetry in KV, which is necessary to generate coordinated asymmetric fluid flow and left-right patterning of the embryo.
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14
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Kuroda J, Nakamura M, Yoshida M, Yamamoto H, Maeda T, Taniguchi K, Nakazawa N, Hatori R, Ishio A, Ozaki A, Shimaoka S, Ito T, Iida H, Okumura T, Maeda R, Matsuno K. Canonical Wnt signaling in the visceral muscle is required for left-right asymmetric development of the Drosophila midgut. Mech Dev 2011; 128:625-39. [PMID: 22198363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many animals develop left-right (LR) asymmetry in their internal organs. The mechanisms of LR asymmetric development are evolutionarily divergent, and are poorly understood in invertebrates. Therefore, we studied the genetic pathway of LR asymmetric development in Drosophila. Drosophila has several organs that show directional and stereotypic LR asymmetry, including the embryonic gut, which is the first organ to develop LR asymmetry during Drosophila development. In this study, we found that genes encoding components of the Wnt-signaling pathway are required for LR asymmetric development of the anterior part of the embryonic midgut (AMG). frizzled 2 (fz2) and Wnt4, which encode a receptor and ligand of Wnt signaling, respectively, were required for the LR asymmetric development of the AMG. arrow (arr), an ortholog of the mammalian gene encoding low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6, which is a co-receptor of the Wnt-signaling pathway, was also essential for LR asymmetric development of the AMG. These results are the first demonstration that Wnt signaling contributes to LR asymmetric development in invertebrates, as it does in vertebrates. The AMG consists of visceral muscle and an epithelial tube. Our genetic analyses revealed that Wnt signaling in the visceral muscle but not the epithelium of the midgut is required for the AMG to develop its normal laterality. Furthermore, fz2 and Wnt4 were expressed in the visceral muscles of the midgut. Consistent with these results, we observed that the LR asymmetric rearrangement of the visceral muscle cells, the first visible asymmetry of the developing AMG, did not occur in embryos lacking Wnt4 expression. Our results also suggest that canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but not non-canonical Wnt signaling, is responsible for the LR asymmetric development of the AMG. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is reported to have important roles in LR asymmetric development in zebrafish. Thus, the contribution of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to LR asymmetric development may be an evolutionarily conserved feature between vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuroda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Pohl C. Left-right patterning in the C. elegans embryo: Unique mechanisms and common principles. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:34-40. [PMID: 21509174 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.1.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bilateral symmetry during the evolution of species probably 600 million years ago brought about several important innovations: It fostered efficient locomotion, streamlining and favored the development of a central nervous system through cephalization. However, to increase their functional capacities, many organisms exhibit chirality by breaking their superficial left-right (l-r) symmetry, which manifests in the lateralization of the nervous system or the l-r asymmetry of internal organs. In most bilateria, the mechanisms that maintain consistent l-r asymmetry throughout development are poorly understood. This review highlights insights into mechanisms that couple early embryonic l-r symmetry breaking to subsequent l-r patterning in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. A recently identified strategy for l-r patterning in the early C. elegans embryo is discussed, the spatial separation of midline and anteroposterior axis, which relies on a rotational cellular rearrangement and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Evidence for a general relevance of rotational/torsional rearrangements during organismal l-r patterning and for non-canonical Wnt signaling/planar cell polarity as a common signaling mechanism to maintain l-r asymmetry is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pohl
- Developmental Biology Program; Sloan-Kettering Institute; New York, NY USA
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