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Forrest K, Barricella AC, Pohar SA, Hinman AM, Amack JD. Understanding laterality disorders and the left-right organizer: Insights from zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1035513. [PMID: 36619867 PMCID: PMC9816872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1035513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vital internal organs display a left-right (LR) asymmetric arrangement that is established during embryonic development. Disruption of this LR asymmetry-or laterality-can result in congenital organ malformations. Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a complete concordant reversal of internal organs that results in a low occurrence of clinical consequences. Situs ambiguous, which gives rise to Heterotaxy syndrome (HTX), is characterized by discordant development and arrangement of organs that is associated with a wide range of birth defects. The leading cause of health problems in HTX patients is a congenital heart malformation. Mutations identified in patients with laterality disorders implicate motile cilia in establishing LR asymmetry. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SIT and HTX are not fully understood. In several vertebrates, including mouse, frog and zebrafish, motile cilia located in a "left-right organizer" (LRO) trigger conserved signaling pathways that guide asymmetric organ development. Perturbation of LRO formation and/or function in animal models recapitulates organ malformations observed in SIT and HTX patients. This provides an opportunity to use these models to investigate the embryological origins of laterality disorders. The zebrafish embryo has emerged as an important model for investigating the earliest steps of LRO development. Here, we discuss clinical characteristics of human laterality disorders, and highlight experimental results from zebrafish that provide insights into LRO biology and advance our understanding of human laterality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadeen Forrest
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Alexandria C. Barricella
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Sonny A. Pohar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Anna Maria Hinman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Cullin 3 Exon 9 Deletion in Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension Impairs Cullin3-Ring-E3 Ligase (CRL3) Dynamic Regulation and Cycling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095151. [PMID: 35563538 PMCID: PMC9105235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin 3 (CUL3) is the scaffold of Cullin3 Ring E3-ligases (CRL3s), which use various BTB-adaptor proteins to ubiquitinate numerous substrates targeting their proteasomal degradation. CUL3 mutations, responsible for a severe form of familial hyperkalemia and hypertension (FHHt), all result in a deletion of exon 9 (amino-acids 403-459) (CUL3-∆9). Surprisingly, while CUL3-∆9 is hyperneddylated, a post-translational modification that typically activates CRL complexes, it is unable to ubiquitinate its substrates. In order to understand the mechanisms behind this loss-of function, we performed comparative label-free quantitative analyses of CUL3 and CUL3-∆9 interactome by mass spectrometry. It was observed that CUL3-∆9 interactions with COP9 and CAND1, both involved in CRL3 complexes’ dynamic assembly, were disrupted. These defects result in a reduction in the dynamic cycling of the CRL3 complexes, making the CRL3-∆9 complex an inactive BTB-adaptor trap, as demonstrated by SILAC experiments. Collectively, the data indicated that the hyperneddylated CUL3-∆9 protein is inactive as a consequence of several structural changes disrupting its dynamic interactions with key regulatory partners.
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Leung C, Duclos KK, Grünbaum T, Cloutier R, Angers B. Asymmetry in dentition and shape of pharyngeal arches in the clonal fish Chrosomus eos-neogaeus: Phenotypic plasticity and developmental instability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174235. [PMID: 28380079 PMCID: PMC5381790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the environment may result in different developmental outcomes. Extrinsic signals can modify developmental pathways and result in alternative phenotypes (phenotypic plasticity). The environment can also be interpreted as a stressor and increase developmental instability (developmental noise). Directional and fluctuating asymmetry provide a conceptual background to discriminate between these results. This study aims at assessing whether variation in dentition and shape of pharyngeal arches of the clonal fish Chrosomus eos-neogaeus results from developmental instability or environmentally induced changes. A total of 262 specimens of the Chrosomus eos-neogaeus complex from 12 natural sites were analysed. X-ray microcomputed tomography (X-ray micro-CT) was used to visualize the pharyngeal arches in situ with high resolution. Variation in the number of pharyngeal teeth is high in hybrids in contrast to the relative stability observed in both parental species. The basal dental formula is symmetric while the most frequent alternative dental formula is asymmetric. Within one lineage, large variation in the proportion of individuals bearing basal or alternative dental formulae was observed among sites in the absence of genetic difference. Both dentition and arch shape of this hybrid lineage were explained significantly by environmental differences. Only individuals bearing asymmetric dental formula displayed fluctuating asymmetry as well as directional left-right asymmetry for the arches. The hybrids appeared sensitive to environmental signals and intraspecific variation on pharyngeal teeth was not random but reflects phenotypic plasticity. Altogether, these results support the influence of the environment as a trigger for an alternative developmental pathway resulting in left-right asymmetry in dentition and shape of pharyngeal arches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Karl Duclos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Grünbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Cloutier
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Angers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gokey JJ, Ji Y, Tay HG, Litts B, Amack JD. Kupffer's vesicle size threshold for robust left-right patterning of the zebrafish embryo. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:22-33. [PMID: 26442502 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motile cilia in the "organ of asymmetry" create directional fluid flows that are vital for left-right (LR) asymmetric patterning of vertebrate embryos. Organ function often depends on tightly regulated organ size control, but the role of organ of asymmetry size in LR patterning has remained unknown. Observations of the organ of asymmetry in the zebrafish, called Kupffer's vesicle (KV), have suggested significant variations in KV size in wild-type embryos, raising questions about the impact of KV organ size on LR patterning. RESULTS To understand the relationship between organ of asymmetry size and its function, we characterized variations in KV at several developmental stages and in several different zebrafish strains. We found that the number of KV cilia and the size of the KV lumen were highly variable, whereas the length of KV cilia showed less variation. These variabilities were similar among different genetic backgrounds. By specifically modulating KV size and analyzing individual embryos, we identified a size threshold that is necessary for KV function. CONCLUSIONS Together these results indicate the KV organ of asymmetry size is not tightly controlled during development, but rather must only exceed a threshold to direct robust LR patterning of the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Gokey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Yongchang Ji
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Hwee Goon Tay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Bridget Litts
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jeffrey D Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Samarut E, Fraher D, Laudet V, Gibert Y. ZebRA: An overview of retinoic acid signaling during zebrafish development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Feiner N, Murakami Y, Breithut L, Mazan S, Meyer A, Kuraku S. Saltatory evolution of the ectodermal neural cortex gene family at the vertebrate origin. Genome Biol Evol 2013; 5:1485-502. [PMID: 23843192 PMCID: PMC3762194 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ectodermal neural cortex (ENC) gene family, whose members are implicated in neurogenesis, is part of the kelch repeat superfamily. To date, ENC genes have been identified only in osteichthyans, although other kelch repeat-containing genes are prevalent throughout bilaterians. The lack of elaborate molecular phylogenetic analysis with exhaustive taxon sampling has obscured the possible link of the establishment of this gene family with vertebrate novelties. In this study, we identified ENC homologs in diverse vertebrates by means of database mining and polymerase chain reaction screens. Our analysis revealed that the ENC3 ortholog was lost in the basal eutherian lineage through single-gene deletion and that the triplication between ENC1, -2, and -3 occurred early in vertebrate evolution. Including our original data on the catshark and the zebrafish, our comparison revealed high conservation of the pleiotropic expression pattern of ENC1 and shuffling of expression domains between ENC1, -2, and -3. Compared with many other gene families including developmental key regulators, the ENC gene family is unique in that conventional molecular phylogenetic inference could identify no obvious invertebrate ortholog. This suggests a composite nature of the vertebrate-specific gene repertoire, consisting not only of de novo genes introduced at the vertebrate origin but also of long-standing genes with no apparent invertebrate orthologs. Some of the latter, including the ENC gene family, may be too rapidly evolving to provide sufficient phylogenetic signals marking orthology to their invertebrate counterparts. Such gene families that experienced saltatory evolution likely remain to be explored and might also have contributed to phenotypic evolution of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Feiner
- Chair for Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
- International Max-Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yasunori Murakami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Lisa Breithut
- Chair for Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sylvie Mazan
- Développement et Evolution des Vertébrés, UMR7150 CNRS and Université Paris 6, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Axel Meyer
- Chair for Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
- International Max-Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Shigehiro Kuraku
- Chair for Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
- International Max-Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
- Present address: Genome Resource and Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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