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Jussila M, Boswell CW, Griffiths NW, Pumputis PG, Ciruna B. Live imaging and conditional disruption of native PCP activity using endogenously tagged zebrafish sfGFP-Vangl2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5598. [PMID: 36151137 PMCID: PMC9508082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-wide coordination of polarized cytoskeletal organization and cell behaviour, critical for normal development, is controlled by asymmetric membrane localization of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling components. Understanding the dynamic regulation of PCP thus requires visualization of these polarity proteins in vivo. Here we utilize CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to introduce a fluorescent reporter onto the core PCP component, Vangl2, in zebrafish. Through live imaging of endogenous sfGFP-Vangl2 expression, we report on the authentic regulation of vertebrate PCP during embryogenesis. Furthermore, we couple sfGFP-Vangl2 with conditional zGrad GFP-nanobody degradation methodologies to interrogate tissue-specific functions for PCP. Remarkably, loss of Vangl2 in foxj1a-positive cell lineages causes ependymal cell cilia and Reissner fiber formation defects as well as idiopathic-like scoliosis. Together, our studies provide crucial insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP and create a powerful experimental paradigm for investigating post-embryonic and tissue-specific functions for Vangl2 in development and disease. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is critical for tissue-wide coordination and successful development. Here Jussila et al. generate a GFP-Vangl2 fusion for live imaging and discover a surprising directionality to the intercellular propagation of cell polarity, and ultimately link PCP defects with idiopathic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jussila
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Curtis W Boswell
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nigel W Griffiths
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Patrick G Pumputis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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2
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Huang Y, Winklbauer R. Cell cortex regulation by the planar cell polarity protein Prickle1. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213195. [PMID: 35512799 PMCID: PMC9082893 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The planar cell polarity pathway regulates cell polarity, adhesion, and rearrangement. Its cytoplasmic core components Prickle (Pk) and Dishevelled (Dvl) often localize as dense puncta at cell membranes to form antagonizing complexes and establish cell asymmetry. In vertebrates, Pk and Dvl have been implicated in actomyosin cortex regulation, but the mechanism of how these proteins control cell mechanics is unclear. Here we demonstrate that in Xenopus prechordal mesoderm cells, diffusely distributed, cytoplasmic Pk1 up-regulates the F-actin content of the cortex. This counteracts cortex down-regulation by Dvl2. Both factors act upstream of casein kinase II to increase or decrease cortical tension. Thus, cortex modulation by Pk1 and Dvl2 is translated into mechanical force and affects cell migration and rearrangement during radial intercalation in the prechordal mesoderm. Pk1 also forms puncta and plaques, which are associated with localized depletion of cortical F-actin, suggesting opposite roles for diffuse and punctate Pk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Huang
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Correspondence to Rudolf Winklbauer:
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3
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Butler MT, Wallingford JB. Spatial and temporal analysis of PCP protein dynamics during neural tube closure. eLife 2018; 7:36456. [PMID: 30080139 PMCID: PMC6115189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) controls convergent extension and axis elongation in all vertebrates. Although asymmetric localization of PCP proteins is central to their function, we understand little about PCP protein localization during convergent extension. Here, we use quantitative live imaging to simultaneously monitor cell intercalation behaviors and PCP protein dynamics in the Xenopus laevis neural plate epithelium. We observed asymmetric enrichment of PCP proteins, but more interestingly, we observed tight correlation of PCP protein enrichment with actomyosin-driven contractile behavior of cell-cell junctions. Moreover, we found that the turnover rates of junctional PCP proteins also correlated with the contractile behavior of individual junctions. All these dynamic relationships were disrupted when PCP signaling was manipulated. Together, these results provide a dynamic and quantitative view of PCP protein localization during convergent extension and suggest a complex and intimate link between the dynamic localization of core PCP proteins, actomyosin assembly, and polarized junction shrinking during cell intercalation in the closing vertebrate neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Butler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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4
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Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is best known for its role in polarizing epithelial cells within the plane of a tissue but it also plays a role in a range of cell migration events during development. The mechanism by which the PCP pathway polarizes stationary epithelial cells is well characterized, but how PCP signaling functions to regulate more dynamic cell behaviors during directed cell migration is much less understood. Here, we review recent discoveries regarding the localization of PCP proteins in migrating cells and their impact on the cell biology of collective and individual cell migratory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal F Davey
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, B2-159, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, B2-159, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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5
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Roszko I, S Sepich D, Jessen JR, Chandrasekhar A, Solnica-Krezel L. A dynamic intracellular distribution of Vangl2 accompanies cell polarization during zebrafish gastrulation. Development 2015; 142:2508-20. [PMID: 26062934 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate gastrulation, convergence and extension movements elongate embryonic tissues anteroposteriorly and narrow them mediolaterally. Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling is essential for mediolateral cell elongation underlying these movements, but how this polarity arises is poorly understood. We analyzed the elongation, orientation and migration behaviors of lateral mesodermal cells undergoing convergence and extension movements in wild-type zebrafish embryos and mutants for the Wnt/PCP core component Vangl2 (Trilobite). We demonstrate that Vangl2 function is required at the time when cells transition to a highly elongated and mediolaterally aligned body. vangl2 mutant cells fail to undergo this transition and to migrate along a straight path with high net speed towards the dorsal midline. Instead, vangl2 mutant cells exhibit an anterior/animal pole bias in cell body alignment and movement direction, suggesting that PCP signaling promotes effective dorsal migration in part by suppressing anterior/animalward cell polarity and movement. Endogenous Vangl2 protein accumulates at the plasma membrane of mesenchymal converging cells at the time its function is required for mediolaterally polarized cell behavior. Heterochronic cell transplantations demonstrated that Vangl2 cell membrane accumulation is stage dependent and regulated by both intrinsic factors and an extracellular signal, which is distinct from PCP signaling or other gastrulation regulators, including BMP and Nodals. Moreover, mosaic expression of fusion proteins revealed enrichment of Vangl2 at the anterior cell edges of highly mediolaterally elongated cells. These results demonstrate that the dynamic Vangl2 intracellular distribution is coordinated with and necessary for the changes in convergence and extension cell behaviors during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Roszko
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Diane S Sepich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA
| | - Anand Chandrasekhar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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6
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Luu O, Damm EW, Parent SE, Barua D, Smith THL, Wen JWH, Lepage SE, Nagel M, Ibrahim-Gawel H, Huang Y, Bruce AEE, Winklbauer R. PAPC mediates self/non-self-distinction during Snail1-dependent tissue separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:839-56. [PMID: 25778923 PMCID: PMC4362454 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Xenopus and zebrafish gastrulae, PAPC attenuates planar cell polarity signaling and controls formation of an adhesive, yet flexible, contact at the ectoderm–mesoderm boundary. Cleft-like boundaries represent a type of cell sorting boundary characterized by the presence of a physical gap between tissues. We studied the cleft-like ectoderm–mesoderm boundary in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish gastrulae. We identified the transcription factor Snail1 as being essential for tissue separation, showed that its expression in the mesoderm depends on noncanonical Wnt signaling, and demonstrated that it enables paraxial protocadherin (PAPC) to promote tissue separation through two novel functions. First, PAPC attenuates planar cell polarity signaling at the ectoderm–mesoderm boundary to lower cell adhesion and facilitate cleft formation. Second, PAPC controls formation of a distinct type of adhesive contact between mesoderm and ectoderm cells that shows properties of a cleft-like boundary at the single-cell level. It consists of short stretches of adherens junction–like contacts inserted between intermediate-sized contacts and large intercellular gaps. These roles of PAPC constitute a self/non–self-recognition mechanism that determines the site of boundary formation at the interface between PAPC-expressing and -nonexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Luu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Erich W Damm
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Serge E Parent
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Debanjan Barua
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Tamara H L Smith
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Jason W H Wen
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Stephanie E Lepage
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Martina Nagel
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | | | - Yunyun Huang
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Ashley E E Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
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7
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McGreevy EM, Vijayraghavan D, Davidson LA, Hildebrand JD. Shroom3 functions downstream of planar cell polarity to regulate myosin II distribution and cellular organization during neural tube closure. Biol Open 2015; 4:186-96. [PMID: 25596276 PMCID: PMC4365487 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20149589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube closure is a critical developmental event that relies on actomyosin contractility to facilitate specific processes such as apical constriction, tissue bending, and directional cell rearrangements. These complicated processes require the coordinated activities of Rho-Kinase (Rock), to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and actomyosin contractility, and the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway, to direct the polarized cellular behaviors that drive convergent extension (CE) movements. Here we investigate the role of Shroom3 as a direct linker between PCP and actomyosin contractility during mouse neural tube morphogenesis. In embryos, simultaneous depletion of Shroom3 and the PCP components Vangl2 or Wnt5a results in an increased liability to NTDs and CE failure. We further show that these pathways intersect at Dishevelled, as Shroom3 and Dishevelled 2 co-distribute and form a physical complex in cells. We observed that multiple components of the Shroom3 pathway are planar polarized along mediolateral cell junctions in the neural plate of E8.5 embryos in a Shroom3 and PCP-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that Shroom3 mutant embryos exhibit defects in planar cell arrangement during neural tube closure, suggesting a role for Shroom3 activity in CE. These findings support a model in which the Shroom3 and PCP pathways interact to control CE and polarized bending of the neural plate and provide a clear illustration of the complex genetic basis of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M McGreevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | - Lance A Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Hildebrand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Abstract
Animal development requires a carefully orchestrated cascade of cell fate specification events and cellular movements. A surprisingly small number of choreographed cellular behaviours are used repeatedly to shape the animal body plan. Among these, cell intercalation lengthens or spreads a tissue at the expense of narrowing along an orthogonal axis. Key steps in the polarization of both mediolaterally and radially intercalating cells have now been clarified. In these different contexts, intercalation seems to require a distinct combination of mechanisms, including adhesive changes that allow cells to rearrange, cytoskeletal events through which cells exert the forces needed for cell neighbour exchange, and in some cases the regulation of these processes through planar cell polarity.
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