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Darp R, Vittoria MA, Ganem NJ, Ceol CJ. Oncogenic BRAF induces whole-genome doubling through suppression of cytokinesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4109. [PMID: 35840569 PMCID: PMC9287415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas and other solid tumors commonly have increased ploidy, with near-tetraploid karyotypes being most frequently observed. Such karyotypes have been shown to arise through whole-genome doubling events that occur during early stages of tumor progression. The generation of tetraploid cells via whole-genome doubling is proposed to allow nascent tumor cells the ability to sample various pro-tumorigenic genomic configurations while avoiding the negative consequences that chromosomal gains or losses have in diploid cells. Whereas a high prevalence of whole-genome doubling events has been established, the means by which whole-genome doubling arises is unclear. Here, we find that BRAFV600E, the most common mutation in melanomas, can induce whole-genome doubling via cytokinesis failure in vitro and in a zebrafish melanoma model. Mechanistically, BRAFV600E causes decreased activation and localization of RhoA, a critical cytokinesis regulator. BRAFV600E activity during G1/S phases of the cell cycle is required to suppress cytokinesis. During G1/S, BRAFV600E activity causes inappropriate centriole amplification, which is linked in part to inhibition of RhoA and suppression of cytokinesis. Together these data suggest that common abnormalities of melanomas linked to tumorigenesis - amplified centrosomes and whole-genome doubling events - can be induced by oncogenic BRAF and other mutations that increase RAS/MAPK pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati Darp
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marc A Vittoria
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil J Ganem
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig J Ceol
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA.
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Chen X, Xu P, Zhang H, Su X, Guo L, Zhou X, Wang J, Huang P, Zhang Q, Sun R. EGFR and ERK activation resists flavonoid quercetin-induced anticancer activities in human cervical cancer cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:754. [PMID: 34539858 PMCID: PMC8436358 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, due to the complex and numerous targets of Sarcandrae Herb (also known as Zhong Jie Feng), network pharmacology was performed to analyze its therapeutic effect on 2 cervical cancer cell lines, which could assist with the development of novel therapies. The results suggested that the natural flavonoid quercetin (Que), the effective antitumor ingredient in SH, which is widely present in a variety of plants, may depend on the target, EGFR. Previous studies have shown that EGFR serves a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, but its downstream molecules and regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. The anti-cervical cancer cell properties of Que, which are present in ubiquitous plants, were examined in vitro to identify the association between Que and its underlying pathway using MTT assays, flow cytometry, western blot analysis and Transwell assays. It was found that Que reduced cervical cancer cell viability, promoted G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, as well as inhibited cell migration and invasion. The Tyr1068 phosphorylation site of EGFR and the corresponding ERK target were also examined and the 2 kinases were markedly activated by Que. Furthermore, the EGFR inhibitor, afatinib and the ERK inhibitor, U0126 blocked the increase of EGFR and ERK phosphorylation, and resulted in a notable enhancement of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, the current results provided the first evidence that EGFR and ERK activation induced by Que could resist Que-induced anticancer activities. On this basis, the present study determined the role of EGFR and the underlying signaling pathways involved in the anti-cervical cancer malignant behavior induced by Que and identified the negative regulatory association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Pengli Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosan Su
- Research and Experiment Center, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Oncology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xuhong Zhou
- Research and Experiment Center, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Junliang Wang
- Research and Experiment Center, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 163-8001, Japan
| | - Qingzhi Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ruifen Sun
- Research and Experiment Center, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Qasemi M, Amidi F. Extracellular microRNA profiling in human follicular fluid: new biomarkers in female reproductive potential. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1769-1780. [PMID: 32642870 PMCID: PMC7468023 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, about 22 nucleotides, non-coding RNAs which regulate a wide range of gene expression during post-transcriptional stage. They are released into intra- and extracellular microenvironments and play vital roles in different physiological and pathological pathways. Due to easy accessibility, detection of extracellular miRNAs in body fluids, e.g. serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and follicular fluid, has been explored in recent years. Since miRNAs are stable at unsuitable conditions, scientists have been investigating to use them as biomarkers in different fields of medicines. It goes without saying that experienced biomarkers would be required in reproductive medicine as well. Biomarkers can help clinicians and embryologists to diagnose disorders and assess the embryo quality via molecular pattern which is more reliable than nowadays routine methods. Follicular fluid as a noninvasive fluid in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) has attracted researchers as a rich pool for biomarkers, and miRNAs are not exception. Although miRNA biomarkers in reproduction field are located on their initial stage and there is a long path to move forward, several meticulous studies have been performed and discovered their associations with various conditions. In this regard, we summarize the reported miRNAs in follicular fluid and their correlations with female infertility and ART success rate, while subsequent investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Qasemi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Translational Control of Canonical and Non-Canonical Translation Initiation Factors at the Sea Urchin Egg to Embryo Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030626. [PMID: 30717141 PMCID: PMC6387300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchin early development is a powerful model to study translational regulation under physiological conditions. Fertilization triggers an activation of the translation machinery responsible for the increase of protein synthesis necessary for the completion of the first embryonic cell cycles. The cap-binding protein eIF4E, the helicase eIF4A and the large scaffolding protein eIF4G are assembled upon fertilization to form an initiation complex on mRNAs involved in cap-dependent translation initiation. The presence of these proteins in unfertilized and fertilized eggs has already been demonstrated, however data concerning the translational status of translation factors are still scarce. Using polysome fractionation, we analyzed the impact of fertilization on the recruitment of mRNAs encoding initiation factors. Strikingly, whereas the mRNAs coding eIF4E, eIF4A, and eIF4G were not recruited into polysomes at 1 h post-fertilization, mRNAs for eIF4B and for non-canonical initiation factors such as DAP5, eIF4E2, eIF4E3, or hnRNP Q, are recruited and are differentially sensitive to the activation state of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We discuss our results suggesting alternative translation initiation in the context of the early development of sea urchins.
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Roux-Osovitz MM, Foltz KR, Oulhen N, Wessel G. Trapping, tagging and tracking: Tools for the study of proteins during early development of the sea urchin. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 151:283-304. [PMID: 30948012 PMCID: PMC7549693 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2024]
Abstract
The exquisite synchronicity of sea urchin development provides a reliable model for studying maternal proteins in the haploid egg as well as those involved in egg activation, fertilization and early development. Sea urchin eggs are released by the millions, enabling the quantitative evaluation of maternally stored and newly synthesized proteins over a range of time (seconds to hours post fertilization). During this window of development exist many hallmark and unique biochemical interactions that can be investigated for the purpose of characterizing profiles of kinases and other signaling proteins, manipulated using pharmacology to test sufficiency and necessity, for identification of post translational modifications, and for capturing protein-protein interactions. Coupled with the fact that sea urchin eggs and embryos are transparent, this synchronicity also results in large populations of cells that can be evaluated for newly synthesized protein localization and identification through use of the Click-iT technology. We provide basic protocols for these approaches and direct readers to the appropriate literature for variations and examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy R Foltz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Marine Science Institute, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gary Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Wang X, Jiang SW, Wang L, Sun Y, Xu F, He H, Wang S, Zhang Z, Pan X. Interfering effects of bisphenol A on in vitro growth of preantral follicles and maturation of oocyes. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kalous J, Tetkova A, Kubelka M, Susor A. Importance of ERK1/2 in Regulation of Protein Translation during Oocyte Meiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030698. [PMID: 29494492 PMCID: PMC5877559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway in the regulation of cytostatic factor (CSF) activity; as well as in microtubules organization during meiotic maturation of oocytes; has already been described in detail; rather less attention has been paid to the role of ERK1/2 in the regulation of mRNA translation. However; important data on the role of ERK1/2 in translation during oocyte meiosis have been documented. This review focuses on recent findings regarding the regulation of translation and the role of ERK1/2 in this process in the meiotic cycle of mammalian oocytes. The specific role of ERK1/2 in the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) activity is addressed along with additional focus on the other key players involved in protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Kalous
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Tetkova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Kubelka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrej Susor
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
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Moundoyi H, Demouy J, Le Panse S, Morales J, Sarels B, Cormier P. Toward Multiscale Modeling of Molecular and Biochemical Events Occurring at Fertilization Time in Sea Urchins. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 65:69-89. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Alternative Chk1-independent S/M checkpoint in somatic cells that prevents premature mitotic entry. Med Oncol 2017; 34:70. [PMID: 28349497 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is the hallmark of cancer. Checkpoint kinase-1 (Chk1) is required for cell cycle delay after DNA damage or blocked DNA replication. Chk1-depleted tumor cells undergo premature mitosis and apoptosis. Here we analyzed the depletion of Chk1 in normal somatic cells in the absence of DNA damage in order to investigate alternative cell cycle checkpoint mechanism(s). By means of adenoviruses, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting, Chk1-depleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were investigated. Chk1-/- MEFs arrested at the S/G2 boundary of the cell cycle with decreased protein levels of many cell cycle key players. Cyclin B1 was predominantly cytoplasmic. Interestingly, overexpression of nuclear dominant Cyclin B1 leads to nuclear translocation and premature mitosis. Chk1-/- MEFs exhibited the absence of double-strand breaks, yet cells showed delayed DNA damage recovery with pan-nuclear immunostaining pattern of Histone H2AX. Activation of this checkpoint would elicit a senescent-like phenotype. Taken together, our elaborated data revealed the existence of an additional S/M checkpoint functioning via γH2AX signaling and cytoplasmic retention of Cyclin B1 in somatic cells.
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Machtinger R, Rodosthenous RS, Adir M, Mansour A, Racowsky C, Baccarelli AA, Hauser R. Extracellular microRNAs in follicular fluid and their potential association with oocyte fertilization and embryo quality: an exploratory study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:525-533. [PMID: 28188594 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine the profile of extracellular microRNAs (exmiRNAs) in follicular fluid (FF) and explore their association with fertilization potential and embryo quality. METHODS We collected FF from single follicles containing mature oocytes from 40 women undergoing IVF and we screened for the expression of 754 exmiRNAs in FF using the TaqMan OpenArray® qPCR platform. To determine the association of exmiRNAs and IVF outcomes, we compared their expression levels in FF samples that differ by fertilization status (normally, abnormally, and failed to fertilize) and embryo quality (top vs. non-top). RESULTS We detected 207 exmiRNAs, of which miR-30d-5p, miR-320b, miR-10b-3p, miR-1291, and miR-720 were most prevalent. We identified four exmiRNAs with significant fold change (FC) when FF that contained normally fertilized was compared to failed to fertilize oocytes [miR-202-5p (FC = 1.82, p = 0.01), miR-206 (FC = 2.09, p = 0.04), miR-16-1-3p (FC = 1.88, p = 0.05), and miR-1244 (FC = 2.72, p = 0.05)]. We also found four exmiRNAs to be significantly differentially expressed in FF that yielded top quality versus non-top quality embryos [(miR-766-3p (FC = 1.95, p = 0.01), miR-663b (FC = 0.18, p = 0.02), miR-132-3p (FC = 2.45, p = 0.05), and miR-16-5p (FC = 3.80, p = 0.05)]. In-silico analysis revealed that several of these exmiRNAs are involved in pathways implicated in reproductive system diseases, organismal abnormalities, and organ development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exmiRNAs in the follicular fluid can lead to downstream events that will affect fertilization and day 3 embryo morphology. We encourage further observational and experimental studies to confirm our findings and to determine the role of exmiRNAs in human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Machtinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan and Sackler School of Medicine Tel- Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Michal Adir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan and Sackler School of Medicine Tel- Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abdallah Mansour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan and Sackler School of Medicine Tel- Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Catherine Racowsky
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Human Epigenetics Laboratory, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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