1
|
Hayashi R, Okubo T, Kudo Y, Ishikawa Y, Imaizumi T, Suzuki K, Shibata S, Katayama T, Park SJ, Young RD, Quantock AJ, Nishida K. Generation of 3D lacrimal gland organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2022; 605:126-131. [PMID: 35444274 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lacrimal glands are the main exocrine glands of the eyes. Situated within the orbit, behind the upper eyelid and towards the temporal side of each eye, they secrete lacrimal fluid as a major component of the tear film. Here we identify cells with characteristics of lacrimal gland primordia that emerge in two-dimensional eye-like organoids cultured from human pluripotent stem cells1. When isolated by cell sorting and grown under defined conditions, the cells form a three-dimensional lacrimal-gland-like tissue organoid with ducts and acini, enabled by budding and branching. Clonal colony analyses indicate that the organoids originate from multipotent ocular surface epithelial stem cells. The organoids exhibit notable similarities to native lacrimal glands on the basis of their morphology, immunolabelling characteristics and gene expression patterns, and undergo functional maturation when transplanted adjacent to the eyes of recipient rats, developing lumina and producing tear-film proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toru Okubo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Kudo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shun Shibata
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Katayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sung-Joon Park
- Laboratory of Functional Analysis In Silico, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert D Young
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Unveiling the ups and downs of miR-205 in physiology and cancer: transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:980. [PMID: 33191398 PMCID: PMC7667162 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miR-205 plays important roles in the physiology of epithelia by regulating a variety of pathways that govern differentiation and morphogenesis. Its aberrant expression is frequently found in human cancers, where it was reported to act either as tumor-suppressor or oncogene depending on the specific tumor context and target genes. miR-205 expression and function in different cell types or processes are the result of the complex balance among transcription, processing and stability of the microRNA. In this review, we summarize the principal mechanisms that regulate miR-205 expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, with particular focus on the transcriptional relationship with its host gene. Elucidating the mechanisms and factors regulating miR-205 expression in different biological contexts represents a fundamental step for a better understanding of the contribution of such pivotal microRNA to epithelial cell function in physiology and disease, and for the development of modulation strategies for future application in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong B, Wang X, Li B, Li Y, Lu R, Zhang K, Li B, Ma Y, Li Y. miR-205-5p inhibits thymic epithelial cell proliferation via FA2H-TFAP2A feedback regulation in age-associated thymus involution. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:173-185. [PMID: 32371259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are essential regulators of T cell development and selection. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating TECs proliferation during thymus involution. miR-205-5p is highly expressed in TECs and increases with age. However, the function and potential mechanism of miR-205-5p in TECs are not clear. miRNA expression was profiled using TECs from male and female mice at 1 and 3 months old. A total of 325 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were detected at different ages in two sexes. 24 of the DEMs had the same trend between males and females. Among them, miR-205-5p had the highest fold change. Our results showed that the expression of miR-205-5p was dramatically increased in TECs from 1 to 9 months old mice. miR-205-5p mimic inhibited TECs proliferation. Moreover, we confirmed that Fa2h was the direct target gene of miR-205-5p and FA2H was significantly decreased in TECs with increased expression of miR-205-5p. Silencing of Fa2h inhibited TECs proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Tfap2a could be promoted by FA2H and that TFAP2A could interact with miR-205-5p in TECs. Overall, miR-205-5p is an important regulator of TECs proliferation and regulates age-associated thymus involution via the miR-205-5p-FA2H-TFAP2A feedback regulatory circuit. miR-205-5p might act as a potential biomarker in TECs for age-related thymus involution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishuang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Boning Li
- the Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du Q, Hoover AR, Dozmorov I, Raj P, Khan S, Molina E, Chang TC, de la Morena MT, Cleaver OB, Mendell JT, van Oers NSC. MIR205HG Is a Long Noncoding RNA that Regulates Growth Hormone and Prolactin Production in the Anterior Pituitary. Dev Cell 2019; 49:618-631.e5. [PMID: 30982661 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are processed from primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs), many of which are annotated as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We assessed whether MIR205HG, the host gene for miR-205, has independent functions as an lncRNA. Comparing mice with targeted deletions of MIR205HG and miR-205 revealed a functional role for the lncRNA in the anterior pituitary. Mice lacking MIR205HG had a temporal reduction in Pit1, growth hormone, and prolactin. This was mediated, in part, through the ability of this lncRNA to bind and regulate the transcriptional activity of Pit1 in conjunction with Zbtb20. Knockdown of MIR205HG in lactotropes decreased the expression of Pit1, Zbtb20, prolactin, and growth hormone, while its overexpression enhanced the levels of these transcripts. The effects of MIR205HG on the pituitary were independent of miR-205. The data support a role for MIR205HG as an lncRNA that regulates growth hormone and prolactin production in the anterior pituitary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Du
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashley R Hoover
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Erika Molina
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tsung-Cheng Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria Teresa de la Morena
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ondine B Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicolai S C van Oers
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Molecular regulation of ocular gland development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:66-74. [PMID: 30266427 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The tear film is produced by two ocular glands, the lacrimal glands, which produce the aqueous component of this film, and the meibomian glands, which secrete the lipidic component that is key to reduce evaporation of the watery film at the surface of the eye. Embryonic development of these exocrine glands has been mostly studied in mice, which also develop Harderian glands, a third type of ocular gland whose role is still not well understood. This review provides an update on the signalling pathways, transcription factors andextracellular matrix components that have been shown to play a role in ocular gland development.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt RNAs that direct posttranscriptional repression of mRNA targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In humans and other mammals, these small RNAs help sculpt the expression of most mRNAs. This article reviews advances in our understanding of the defining features of metazoan miRNAs and their biogenesis, genomics, and evolution. It then reviews how metazoan miRNAs are regulated, how they recognize and cause repression of their targets, and the biological functions of this repression, with a compilation of knockout phenotypes that shows that important biological functions have been identified for most of the broadly conserved miRNAs of mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuony A, Michon F. Epithelial Markers aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19 Unveil Elements of Murine Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis and Maturation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:739. [PMID: 29033846 PMCID: PMC5627580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an element of the lacrimal apparatus, the lacrimal gland (LG) produces the aqueous part of the tear film, which protects the eye surface. Therefore, a defective LG can lead to serious eyesight impairment. Up to now, little is known about LG morphogenesis and subsequent maturation. In this study, we delineated elements of the cellular and molecular events involved in LG formation by using three epithelial markers, namely aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19. While aSMA marked a restricted epithelial population of the terminal end buds (TEBs) in the forming LG, Krt14 was found in the whole embryonic LG epithelial basal cell layer. Interestingly, Krt19 specifically labeled the presumptive ductal domain and subsequently, the luminal cell layer. By combining these markers, the Fucci reporter mouse strain and genetic fate mapping of the Krt14+ population, we demonstrated that LG epithelium expansion is fuelled by a patterned cell proliferation, and to a lesser extent by epithelial reorganization and possible mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. We pointed out that this epithelial reorganization, which is associated with apoptosis, regulated the lumen formation. Finally, we showed that the inhibition of Notch signaling prevented the ductal identity from setting, and led to a LG covered by ectopic TEBs. Taken together our results bring a deeper understanding on LG morphogenesis, epithelial domain identity, and organ expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|