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Sirocko KT, Angstmann H, Papenmeier S, Wagner C, Spohn M, Indenbirken D, Ehrhardt B, Kovacevic D, Hammer B, Svanes C, Rabe KF, Roeder T, Uliczka K, Krauss-Etschmann S. Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke alters airway signaling pathways and later mortality in D. melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119696. [PMID: 35780997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early life environmental influences such as exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) can disturb molecular processes of lung development and thereby increase the risk for later development of chronic respiratory diseases. Among the latter, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. The airway epithelium plays a key role in their disease pathophysiology but how CS exposure in early life influences airway developmental pathways and epithelial stress responses or survival is poorly understood. Using Drosophila melanogaster larvae as a model for early life, we demonstrate that CS enters the entire larval airway system, where it activates cyp18a1 which is homologues to human CYP1A1 to metabolize CS-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and further induces heat shock protein 70. RNASeq studies of isolated airways showed that CS dysregulates pathways involved in oxidative stress response, innate immune response, xenobiotic and glutathione metabolic processes as well as developmental processes (BMP, FGF signaling) in both sexes, while other pathways were exclusive to females or males. Glutathione S-transferase genes were further validated by qPCR showing upregulation of gstD4, gstD5 and gstD8 in respiratory tracts of females, while gstD8 was downregulated and gstD5 unchanged in males. ROS levels were increased in airways after CS. Exposure to CS further resulted in higher larval mortality, lower larval-pupal transition, and hatching rates in males only as compared to air-exposed controls. Taken together, early life CS induces airway epithelial stress responses and dysregulates pathways involved in the fly's branching morphogenesis as well as in mammalian lung development. CS further affected fitness and development in a highly sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina-Theresa Sirocko
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Papenmeier
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Wagner
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Spohn
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Draginja Kovacevic
- DZL Laboratory - Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Barbara Hammer
- DZL Laboratory - Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany; Department of Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease.
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Wang Y, Ferveur JF, Moussian B. Eco-genetics of desiccation resistance in Drosophila. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1421-1440. [PMID: 33754475 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Climate change globally perturbs water circulation thereby influencing ecosystems including cultivated land. Both harmful and beneficial species of insects are likely to be vulnerable to such changes in climate. As small animals with a disadvantageous surface area to body mass ratio, they face a risk of desiccation. A number of behavioural, physiological and genetic strategies are deployed to solve these problems during adaptation in various Drosophila species. Over 100 desiccation-related genes have been identified in laboratory and wild populations of the cosmopolitan fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and its sister species in large-scale and single-gene approaches. These genes are involved in water sensing and homeostasis, and barrier formation and function via the production and composition of surface lipids and via pigmentation. Interestingly, the genetic strategy implemented in a given population appears to be unpredictable. In part, this may be due to different experimental approaches in different studies. The observed variability may also reflect a rich standing genetic variation in Drosophila allowing a quasi-random choice of response strategies through soft-sweep events, although further studies are needed to unravel any underlying principles. These findings underline that D. melanogaster is a robust species well adapted to resist climate change-related desiccation. The rich data obtained in Drosophila research provide a framework to address and understand desiccation resistance in other insects. Through the application of powerful genetic tools in the model organism D. melanogaster, the functions of desiccation-related genes revealed by correlative studies can be tested and the underlying molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance understood. The combination of the wealth of available data and its genetic accessibility makes Drosophila an ideal bioindicator. Accumulation of data on desiccation resistance in Drosophila may allow us to create a world map of genetic evolution in response to climate change in an insect genome. Ultimately these efforts may provide guidelines for dealing with the effects of climate-related perturbations on insect population dynamics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-CNRS 6265, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Institute of Biology Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Parc Valrose, Nice CEDEX 2, 06108, France
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Yang YM, Sun Q, Xiu JF, Yang M. Comparisons of Respiratory Pupal Gill Development in Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Shed Light on the Origin of Dipteran Prothoracic Dorsal Appendages. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:588-598. [PMID: 33073846 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the transformation of immature aquatic dipteran insects to terrestrial adults, the prothoracic pupal respiratory organ enables pupae to cope with flood-drought alternating environments. Despite its obvious importance, the biology of the organ, including its development, is poorly understood. In this study, the developing gills of several Simulium Latreille (Diptera: Simuliidae) spp. were observed using serial histological sections and compared with data on those of other dipteran families published previously. The formation of some enigmatic features that made the Simulium gill unique is detailed. Through comparisons between taxa, we describe a common developmental pattern in which the prothoracic dorsal disc cells not only morph into the protruding respiratory organ, which is partially or entirely covered with a cuticle layer of plastron, but also invaginate to form a multipart internal chamber that in part gives rise to the anterior spiracle of adult flies. The gill disc resembles wing and leg discs and undergoes cell proliferation, axial outgrowth, and cuticle sheath formation. The overall appendage-like characteristics of the dipteran pupal respiratory organ suggest an ancestral form that gave rise to its current forms, which added more dimensions to the ways that arthropods evolved through appendage adaptation. Our observations provide important background from which further studies into the evolution of the respiratory organ across Diptera can be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ming Yang
- Department of Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Xiu
- Department of Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Lerch S, Zuber R, Gehring N, Wang Y, Eckel B, Klass KD, Lehmann FO, Moussian B. Resilin matrix distribution, variability and function in Drosophila. BMC Biol 2020; 18:195. [PMID: 33317537 PMCID: PMC7737337 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elasticity prevents fatigue of tissues that are extensively and repeatedly deformed. Resilin is a resilient and elastic extracellular protein matrix in joints and hinges of insects. For its mechanical properties, Resilin is extensively analysed and applied in biomaterial and biomedical sciences. However, there is only indirect evidence for Resilin distribution and function in an insect. Commonly, the presence of dityrosines that covalently link Resilin protein monomers (Pro-Resilin), which are responsible for its mechanical properties and fluoresce upon UV excitation, has been considered to reflect Resilin incidence. Results Using a GFP-tagged Resilin version, we directly identify Resilin in pliable regions of the Drosophila body, some of which were not described before. Interestingly, the amounts of dityrosines are not proportional to the amounts of Resilin in different areas of the fly body, arguing that the mechanical properties of Resilin matrices vary according to their need. For a functional analysis of Resilin matrices, applying the RNA interference and Crispr/Cas9 techniques, we generated flies with reduced or eliminated Resilin function, respectively. We find that these flies are flightless but capable of locomotion and viable suggesting that other proteins may partially compensate for Resilin function. Indeed, localizations of the potentially elastic protein Cpr56F and Resilin occasionally coincide. Conclusions Thus, Resilin-matrices are composite in the way that varying amounts of different elastic proteins and dityrosinylation define material properties. Understanding the biology of Resilin will have an impact on Resilin-based biomaterial and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lerch
- Applied Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renata Zuber
- Applied Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Gehring
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Eckel
- Applied Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernard Moussian
- Applied Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,CNRS, Inserm Institute of Biology Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
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Itakura Y, Inagaki S, Wada H, Hayashi S. Trynity controls epidermal barrier function and respiratory tube maturation in Drosophila by modulating apical extracellular matrix nano-patterning. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209058. [PMID: 30576352 PMCID: PMC6303098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer surface of insects is covered by the cuticle, which is derived from the apical extracellular matrix (aECM). The aECM is secreted by epidermal cells during embryogenesis. The aECM exhibits large variations in structure, function, and constituent molecules, reflecting the enormous diversity in insect appearances. To investigate the molecular principles of aECM organization and function, here we studied the role of a conserved aECM protein, the ZP domain protein Trynity, in Drosophila melanogaster. We first identified trynity as an essential gene for epidermal barrier function. trynity mutation caused disintegration of the outermost envelope layer of the cuticle, resulting in small-molecule leakage and in growth and molting defects. In addition, the tracheal tubules of trynity mutants showed defects in pore-like structures of the cuticle, and the mutant tracheal cells failed to absorb luminal proteins and liquid. Our findings indicated that trynity plays essential roles in organizing nano-level structures in the envelope layer of the cuticle that both restrict molecular trafficking through the epidermis and promote the massive absorption pulse in the trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Itakura
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachi Inagaki
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Housei Wada
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hayashi
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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