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Santamaría R, Cruz-Caballero J, Gkontra P, Jiménez-Montiel A, Clemente C, López JA, Villalba-Orero M, Vázquez J, Hutloff A, Lara-Pezzi E, Arroyo AG. Capillary pruning couples tissue perfusion and oxygenation with cardiomyocyte maturation in the postnatal mouse heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256127. [PMID: 38020883 PMCID: PMC10661946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Removal of poorly perfused capillaries by pruning contributes to remodeling the microvasculature to optimize oxygen and nutrient delivery. Blood flow drives this process by promoting the intravascular migration of endothelial cells in developing networks, such as in the yolk sac, zebrafish brain or postnatal mouse retina. Methods: In this study, we have implemented innovative tools to recognize capillary pruning in the complex 3D coronary microvasculature of the postnatal mouse heart. We have also experimentally tested the impact of decreasing pruning on the structure and function of this network by altering blood flow with two different vasodilators: losartan and prazosin. Results: Although both drugs reduced capillary pruning, a combination of experiments based on ex vivo imaging, proteomics, electron microscopy and in vivo functional approaches showed that losartan treatment resulted in an inefficient coronary network, reduced myocardial oxygenation and metabolic changes that delayed the arrest of cardiomyocyte proliferation, in contrast to the effects of prazosin, probably due to its concomitant promotion of capillary expansion. Discussion: Our work demonstrates that capillary pruning contributes to proper maturation and function of the heart and that manipulation of blood flow may be a novel strategy to refine the microvasculature and improve tissue perfusion after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santamaría
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Polyxeni Gkontra
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Clemente
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. López
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- Myocardial Pathology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Myocardial Pathology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G. Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Dong Z, Chen D, Zheng S, Wang Z, Li D, Xiao Y, Sun S, Ye L, Qiu L, Hu Y, Hong H. Volume overload impedes the maturation of sarcomeres and T-tubules in the right atria: a potential cause of atrial arrhythmia following delayed atrial septal defect closure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1237187. [PMID: 37908335 PMCID: PMC10614073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1237187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adult patients with atrial septal defects (ASD), the most common form of adult congenital heart disease, often die of arrhythmias, and the immaturity of cardiomyocytes contributes significantly to arrhythmias. ASD typically induces a left-to-right shunt, which then leads to the right atrium (RA) volume overload (VO). Whether or not VO contributes to RA cardiomyocyte immaturity and thereby causes arrhythmias in adult patients with ASD remains unclear. Methods: Here, we developed the first neonatal RA VO mouse model by creating a fistula between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta on postnatal day 7. RA VO was confirmed by increases in the mean flow velocity, mean pressure gradient, and velocity time integral across the tricuspid valve, and an increase in the RA diameter and RA area middle section. Results: We found that VO decreased the regularity and length of sarcomeres, and decreased the T-element density, regularity, and index of integrity of T-tubules in RA cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the two most important maturation hallmarks (sarcomere and T-tubules) of RA cardiomyocytes were impaired by VO. Accordingly, the calcium handling capacity of cardiomyocytes from postnatal day 21 (P21) RA was decreased by VO. VO caused a significant elongation of the PR interval. The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) was decreased in RA VO. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis of the downregulated genes in RA demonstrated that there was an abundance of enriched terms associated with sarcomeres and T-tubules exposed to VO. The results were further verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusions: In conclusion, the first neonatal RA VO mouse model was developed; furthermore, using this neonatal RA VO mouse model, we revealed that VO impeded RA sarcomere and T-tubule maturation, which may be the underlying causes of atrial arrhythmias in adult patients with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Dong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixie Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Debao Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijuan Sun
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifa Hong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Halabi R, Cechmanek PB, Hehr CL, McFarlane S. Semaphorin3f as a cardiomyocyte derived regulator of heart chamber development. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:126. [PMID: 35986301 PMCID: PMC9389736 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During development a pool of precursors form a heart with atrial and ventricular chambers that exhibit distinct transcriptional and electrophysiological properties. Normal development of these chambers is essential for full term survival of the fetus, and deviations result in congenital heart defects. The large number of genes that may cause congenital heart defects when mutated, and the genetic variability and penetrance of the ensuing phenotypes, reveals a need to understand the molecular mechanisms that allow for the formation of chamber-specific cardiomyocyte differentiation. Methods We used in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and functional analyses to identify the consequences of the loss of the secreted semaphorin, Sema3fb, in the development of the zebrafish heart by using two sema3fb CRISPR mutant alleles. Results We find that in the developing zebrafish heart sema3fb mRNA is expressed by all cardiomyocytes, whereas mRNA for a known receptor Plexina3 (Plxna3) is expressed preferentially by ventricular cardiomyocytes. In sema3fb CRISPR zebrafish mutants, heart chamber development is impaired; the atria and ventricles of mutants are smaller in size than their wild type siblings, apparently because of differences in cell size and not cell numbers. Analysis of chamber differentiation indicates defects in chamber specific gene expression at the border between the ventricular and atrial chambers, with spillage of ventricular chamber genes into the atrium, and vice versa, and a failure to restrict specialized cardiomyocyte markers to the atrioventricular canal (AVC). The hypoplastic heart chambers are associated with decreased cardiac output and heart edema. Conclusions Based on our data we propose a model whereby cardiomyocytes secrete a Sema cue that, because of spatially restricted expression of the receptor, signals in a ventricular chamber-specific manner to establish a distinct border between atrial and ventricular chambers that is important to produce a fully functional heart. Video abstract
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00874-8.
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Identification and implication of tissue-enriched ligands in epithelial-endothelial crosstalk during pancreas development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12498. [PMID: 35864120 PMCID: PMC9304391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the pancreas is driven by an intrinsic program coordinated with signals from other cell types in the epithelial environment. These intercellular communications have been so far challenging to study because of the low concentration, localized production and diversity of the signals released. Here, we combined scRNAseq data with a computational interactomic approach to identify signals involved in the reciprocal interactions between the various cell types of the developing pancreas. This in silico approach yielded 40,607 potential ligand-target interactions between the different main pancreatic cell types. Among this vast network of interactions, we focused on three ligands potentially involved in communications between epithelial and endothelial cells. BMP7 and WNT7B, expressed by pancreatic epithelial cells and predicted to target endothelial cells, and SEMA6D, involved in the reverse interaction. In situ hybridization confirmed the localized expression of Bmp7 in the pancreatic epithelial tip cells and of Wnt7b in the trunk cells. On the contrary, Sema6d was enriched in endothelial cells. Functional experiments on ex vivo cultured pancreatic explants indicated that tip cell-produced BMP7 limited development of endothelial cells. This work identified ligands with a restricted tissular and cellular distribution and highlighted the role of BMP7 in the intercellular communications contributing to vessel development and organization during pancreas organogenesis.
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SEMA6D, Negatively Regulated by miR-7, Contributes to C28/I2 chondrocyte's Catabolic and Anabolic Activities via p38 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9674221. [PMID: 35757507 PMCID: PMC9225841 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9674221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MiR-7 has been recognized as an osteoarthritis (OA-)-promoting factor, but the specific downstream pathway of miR-7 still remains unknown. Further investigation of the molecular regulatory mechanism of miR-7 might help develop a novel therapeutic method for OA. In this study, we revealed that Semaphorin 6D (SEMA6D) was a direct target gene of miR-7 and presented a negative regulatory relation with SEMA6D in vitro and in vivo. SEMA6D could improve OA in rat OA models, as indicated by H&E and Safranin O-Fast green staining, and also μCT analysis. Further evaluation of SEMA6D suggested that SEMA6D promotes the anabolism and reduces the catabolism of C28/I2 chondrocytes via inhibiting the activation of the p38 pathway. The present research illustrated that SEMA6D is a negatively regulatory factor of miR-7 and a pivotal mediator of catabolism and anabolism in C28/I2 chondrocytes. SEMA6D exerts its function via inhibiting the activation of the p38 pathway.
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6
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Gunyuz Z, Sahi-Ilhan E, Kucukkose C, Ipekgil D, Tok G, Mese G, Ozcivici E, Yalcin-Ozuysal O. SEMA6D Differentially Regulates Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Breast Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15769-15778. [PMID: 35571788 PMCID: PMC9097209 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin 6D (SEMA6D), a member of the class 6 semaphorin family, is a membrane-associated protein that plays a key role in the development of cardiac and neural tissues. A growing body of evidence suggests that SEMA6D is also involved in tumorigenesis. In breast cancer, high SEMA6D levels are correlated with better survival rates. However, very little is known about the functional significance of SEMA6D in breast tumorigenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SEMA6D expression on the normal breast cell line MCF10A and the breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA MB 231. We demonstrated that SEMA6D expression increases the proliferation of MCF10A cells, whereas the opposite effect was observed in MCF7 cells. SEMA6D expression induced anchorage-independent growth in both cancer cell lines. Furthermore, migration of MCF10A and MCF7 cells and invasion of MDA MB 231 cells were elevated in response to SEMA6D overexpression. Accordingly, the genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were altered by SEMA6D expression in MCF10A and MCF7 cell lines. Finally, we provided evidence that SEMA6D levels were associated with the expression of the cell cycle, EMT, and Notch signaling pathway-related genes in breast cancer patients' data. We showed for the first time that SEMA6D overexpression has cell-specific effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of normal and cancer breast cell lines, which agrees with the gene expression data of clinical samples. This study lays the groundwork for future research into understanding the functional importance of SEMA6D in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra
Elif Gunyuz
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Sahi-Ilhan
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Kucukkose
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dogac Ipekgil
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Tok
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department
of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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Sheng J, Xu J, Geng K, Liu D. Sema6D Regulates Zebrafish Vascular Patterning and Motor Neuronal Axon Growth in Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:854556. [PMID: 35465091 PMCID: PMC9021825 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.854556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vessels and nerves are closely associated in anatomy as well as functions. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that axon-guiding signals may affect endothelial cells migration and path finding, which is crucial for the patterning of both the complex vascular network and neural system. However, studies regarding the functional overlap between vascular and neuronal orchestrating are still incomplete. Semaphorin6D (Sema6D) belongs to the Semaphorin family and has been identified as an important regulating factor in diverse biological processes. Its roles in vascular development are still unclear. Here, we confirmed that sema6D is enriched in neural system and blood vessels of zebrafish embryos by in situ hybridization. Then, the deficiency of sema6D caused by specific antisense morpholino-oligonucleotides (MO) led to dramatic path finding defects in both intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and primary motor neurons (PMNs) of spinal cord in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, these defective phenotypes were confirmed in F0 generation of sema6D knockouts and rescue experiments by overexpression of sema6D mRNA in sema6D morphants. These data collectively indicate that sema6D regulates zebrafish vascular patterning and motor neuronal axon growth in the spinal cord, which might be of great therapeutical use to regulate vessel and nerve guidance in the relevant diseases that affect both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Sheng
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Second Affiliated Hospital, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiehuan Xu
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kaixi Geng
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Second Affiliated Hospital, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Second Affiliated Hospital, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Liu
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Downregulated developmental processes in the postnatal right ventricle under the influence of a volume overload. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:208. [PMID: 34365468 PMCID: PMC8349357 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular atlas of postnatal mouse ventricular development has been made available and cardiac regeneration is documented to be a downregulated process. The right ventricle (RV) differs from the left ventricle. How volume overload (VO), a common pathologic state in children with congenital heart disease, affects the downregulated processes of the RV is currently unclear. We created a fistula between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava on postnatal day 7 (P7) using a mouse model to induce a prepubertal RV VO. RNAseq analysis of RV (from postnatal day 14 to 21) demonstrated that angiogenesis was the most enriched gene ontology (GO) term in both the sham and VO groups. Regulation of the mitotic cell cycle was the second-most enriched GO term in the VO group but it was not in the list of enriched GO terms in the sham group. In addition, the number of Ki67-positive cardiomyocytes increased approximately 20-fold in the VO group compared to the sham group. The intensity of the vascular endothelial cells also changed dramatically over time in both groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the downregulated transcriptome revealed that the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway was replaced by the cell cycle in the top-20 enriched KEGG terms because of the VO. Angiogenesis was one of the primary downregulated processes in postnatal RV development, and the cell cycle was reactivated under the influence of VO. The mechanism underlying the effects we observed may be associated with the replacement of the PPAR-signaling pathway with the cell-cycle pathway.
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Eckmann M, Sheng Q, Baldwin H S, Lister RL. Maternal Hyperglycemia Induces Changes in Gene Expression and Morphology in Mouse Placentas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5. [PMID: 34250501 DOI: 10.33425/2639-9342.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Pregestational diabetes complicates one million pregnancies in the United States and is associated with placental dysfunction. Placental dysfunction can manifest as stillbirth, spontaneous abortions, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia in the mother. However, the underlying mechanisms of placental dysfunction are not well understood. Objective We hypothesize that maternal hyperglycemia disrupts cellular processes important for normal vascular development and function. Study Design Hyperglycemia, defined as a non-fasting glucose concentration of >250 mg/dL was induced in eight-week-old female CD1 mice by injecting a one-time intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg streptozotocin. Control mice received an equal volume of normal saline. Hyperglycemic and control females were mated with CD-1 males. At Embryonic Day 17.5, the pregnant mice were euthanized. Sixty-eight placentas were harvested from the six euglycemic dams and twenty-six placentas were harvested from three hyperglycemic dams. RNA was extracted from homogenized placental tissue (N=12/group; 2-4 placentas per litter of each group). Total RNA was prepared and sequenced. Differentially expressed genes that were >2-fold change was considered significant. Placentas (9-20/group) were fixed in paraffin wax and sectioned at 6 μm. Cross-sectional areas of placental zones were evaluated using slides stained for hematoxylin and eosin, glycogen, collagen, proliferation and apoptosis. Quantification of staining intensity and percent positive nuclei was done using Leica Image Hub Data software. Data were compared between the control and experimental group using t-tests. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results The average maternal blood glucose concentrations for control and diabetic dams were 112+/-24 and 473+/-47 respectively (p<0.0001). A higher rate of resorptions was noted in the hyperglycemia exposed placentas compared to euglycemic exposed placentas (24% vs 7%; p=0.04). A total of 24 RNA libraries (12/group) were prepared. Placentas from hyperglycemic pregnancies exhibited 1374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The 10 most significantly differentially expressed genes are Filip 1, Prom 2, Fam 78a, Pde4d, Pou3f1, Kcnk5, Dusp4, Cxcr4, Slc6a4 and D430019H16Rik. Their corresponding biologic functions are related to chemotaxis, ossification, cellular and vascular development. Histologically, we found that hyperglycemia exposed placentas demonstrated increased proliferation, apoptosis, and glycogen content and decreased collagen deposition. Conclusion There was a higher rate of resorptions in the pregnancies of hyperglycemic dams. Pregestational diabetes resulted in significant changes in placental morphology, including increased glycogen content in the spongiotrophoblast, decreased collagen deposition, increased apoptosis and proliferation in the junction zone. Maternal diabetes causes widespread disruption in multiple cellular processes important for normal vascular development and sets the platform for placenta dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Eckmann
- Vanderbilt University Medical School, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Scott Baldwin H
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Rolanda L Lister
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37080, United States
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The Role of Semaphorins in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165641. [PMID: 32781674 PMCID: PMC7460634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are a family originally identified as axonal guidance molecules. They are also involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune regulation, as well as other biological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that semaphorins play a role in metabolic diseases including obesity, adipose inflammation, and diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic wound healing, and diabetic osteoporosis. Evidence provides mechanistic insights regarding the role of semaphorins in metabolic diseases by regulating adipogenesis, hypothalamic melanocortin circuit, immune responses, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the role of semaphorins in obesity, adipose inflammation, and diabetic complications.
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