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Sands I, Demarco R, Thurber L, Esteban-Linares A, Song D, Meng E, Chen Y. Interface-Mediated Neurogenic Signaling: The Impact of Surface Geometry and Chemistry on Neural Cell Behavior for Regenerative and Brain-Machine Interfacing Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401750. [PMID: 38961531 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterial advancements have driven progress in central and peripheral nervous system applications such as tissue regeneration and brain-machine interfacing. Ideally, neural interfaces with native tissue shall seamlessly integrate, a process that is often mediated by the interfacial material properties. Surface topography and material chemistry are significant extracellular stimuli that can influence neural cell behavior to facilitate tissue integration and augment therapeutic outcomes. This review characterizes topographical modifications, including micropillars, microchannels, surface roughness, and porosity, implemented on regenerative scaffolding and brain-machine interfaces. Their impact on neural cell response is summarized through neurogenic outcome and mechanistic analysis. The effects of surface chemistry on neural cell signaling with common interfacing compounds like carbon-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and biologically inspired matrices are also reviewed. Finally, the impact of these extracellular mediated neural cues on intracellular signaling cascades is discussed to provide perspective on the manipulation of neuron and neuroglia cell microenvironments to drive therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ryan Demarco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Laura Thurber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Alberto Esteban-Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ellis Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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2
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Suresh V, Muralidharan B, Pradhan SJ, Bose M, D’Souza L, Parichha A, Reddy PC, Galande S, Tole S. Regulation of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in the developing hippocampal primordium by LIM-HD transcription factor LHX2. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010874. [PMID: 37594984 PMCID: PMC10482279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian cerebral cortex, the hippocampal primordium (Hcp) occupies a discrete position in the dorsal telencephalic neuroepithelium adjacent to the neocortical primordium (Ncp). We examined transcriptomic and chromatin-level features that distinguish the Hcp from the Ncp in the mouse during the early neurogenic period, embryonic day (E)12.5. ATAC-seq revealed that the Hcp was more accessible than the Ncp at this stage. Motif analysis of the differentially accessible loci in these tissues revealed LHX2 as a candidate transcription factor for modulating gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We analyzed LHX2 occupancy profiles and compared these with transcriptomic data from control and Lhx2 mutant Hcp and Ncp at E12.5. Our results revealed that LHX2 directly regulates distinct genes in the Hcp and Ncp within a set of common pathways that control fundamental aspects of development namely pluripotency, axon pathfinding, Wnt, and Hippo signaling. Loss of Lhx2 caused a decrease in accessibility, specifically in hippocampal chromatin, suggesting that this factor may play a unique role in hippocampal development. We identified 14 genes that were preferentially enriched in the Hcp, for which LHX2 regulates both chromatin accessibility and mRNA expression, which have not thus far been examined in hippocampal development. Together, these results provide mechanistic insight into how LHX2 function in the Hcp may contribute to the process by which the hippocampus acquires features distinct from the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Suresh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavana Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Saurabh J. Pradhan
- Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Biology department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, India
| | - Mahima Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Leora D’Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Arpan Parichha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Puli Chandramouli Reddy
- Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Biology department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Delhi NCR, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Biology department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Delhi NCR, India
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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3
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Fan W, Jurado‐Arjona J, Alanis‐Lobato G, Péron S, Berger C, Andrade‐Navarro MA, Falk S, Berninger B. The transcriptional co-activator Yap1 promotes adult hippocampal neural stem cell activation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110384. [PMID: 37083045 PMCID: PMC10233373 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) remain quiescent, with only a minor portion undergoing active proliferation and neurogenesis. The molecular mechanisms that trigger the transition from quiescence to activation are still poorly understood. Here, we found the activity of the transcriptional co-activator Yap1 to be enriched in active NSCs. Genetic deletion of Yap1 led to a significant reduction in the relative proportion of active NSCs, supporting a physiological role of Yap1 in regulating the transition from quiescence to activation. Overexpression of wild-type Yap1 in adult NSCs did not induce NSC activation, suggesting tight upstream control mechanisms, but overexpression of a gain-of-function mutant (Yap1-5SA) elicited cell cycle entry in NSCs and hilar astrocytes. Consistent with a role of Yap1 in NSC activation, single cell RNA sequencing revealed a partial induction of an activated NSC gene expression program. Furthermore, Yap1-5SA expression also induced expression of Taz and other key components of the Yap/Taz regulon that were previously identified in glioblastoma stem cell-like cells. Consequently, dysregulated Yap1 activity led to repression of hippocampal neurogenesis, aberrant cell differentiation, and partial acquisition of a glioblastoma stem cell-like signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Fan
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Present address:
Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, New MedicinesUCB Biopharma SPRLBraine‐l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Jerónimo Jurado‐Arjona
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gregorio Alanis‐Lobato
- Faculty of BiologyJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Present address:
Global Computational Biology and Data SciencesBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Sophie Péron
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christian Berger
- Institute of GeneticsJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | | | - Sven Falk
- Institute of BiochemistryFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Nürnberg‐ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Focus Program Translational NeuroscienceJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
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Wang L, Mei L, Zang Z, Cai Y, Jiang P, Zhou L, Du Z, Yang L, Gu Z, Liu T, Fan X. Aluminum hydroxide exposure induces neurodevelopmental impairment in hESC-derived cerebral organoids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114863. [PMID: 37011512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has been classified as a cumulative environmental pollutant that endangers human health. There is increasing evidence to suggest the toxic effects of Al, but the specific action on human brain development remains unclear. Al hydroxide (Al(OH)3), the most common vaccine adjuvant, is the major source of Al and poses risks to the environment and early childhood neurodevelopment. In this study, we explored the neurotoxic effect of 5 μg/ml or 25 μg/ml Al(OH)3 for six days on neurogenesis by utilizing human cerebral organoids from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We found that early Al(OH)3 exposure in organoids caused a reduction in the size, deficits in basal neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation, and premature neuron differentiation in a time and dose-dependent manner. Transcriptomes analysis revealed a markedly altered Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathway in Al(OH)3 exposed cerebral organoid, uncovering a novel mechanism for Al(OH)3-induced detrimental to neurogenesis during human cortical development. We further identified that Al(OH)3 exposure at day 90 mainly decreased the production of outer radial glia-like cells(oRGs) but promoted NPC toward astrocyte differentiation. Taken together, we established a tractable experimental model to facilitate a better understanding of the impact and mechanism of Al(OH)3 exposure on human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyongwei Wang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Linqiang Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenle Zang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peiyan Jiang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhulin Du
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Wang J, Chen H, Hou W, Han Q, Wang Z. Hippo Pathway in Schwann Cells and Regeneration of Peripheral Nervous System. Dev Neurosci 2023; 45:276-289. [PMID: 37080186 DOI: 10.1159/000530621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway comprising a series of MST/LATS kinase complexes. Its key transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ regulate transcription factors such as TEAD family to direct gene expression. The regulation of Hippo pathway, especially the nuclear level change of YAP and TAZ, significantly influences the cell fate switching from proliferation to differentiation, regeneration, and postinjury repair. This review outlines the main findings of Hippo pathway in peripheral nerve development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis, especially the studies in Schwann cells. We also summarize other roles of Hippo pathway in damage repair of the peripheral nerve system and discuss the potential future research which probably contributes to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haofeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wulei Hou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoyun Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Murtaj V, Butti E, Martino G, Panina-Bordignon P. Endogenous neural stem cells characterization using omics approaches: Current knowledge in health and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1125785. [PMID: 37091923 PMCID: PMC10113633 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1125785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs), an invaluable source of neuronal and glial progeny, have been widely interrogated in the last twenty years, mainly to understand their therapeutic potential. Most of the studies were performed with cells derived from pluripotent stem cells of either rodents or humans, and have mainly focused on their potential in regenerative medicine. High-throughput omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which exploded in the past decade, represent a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms characterizing the heterogeneity of endogenous NSCs. The transition from bulk studies to single cell approaches brought significant insights by revealing complex system phenotypes, from the molecular to the organism level. Here, we will discuss the current literature that has been greatly enriched in the “omics era”, successfully exploring the nature and function of endogenous NSCs and the process of neurogenesis. Overall, the information obtained from omics studies of endogenous NSCs provides a sharper picture of NSCs function during neurodevelopment in healthy and in perturbed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Murtaj
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Butti
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Panina-Bordignon
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7
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Terry BK, Kim S. The Role of Hippo-YAP/TAZ Signaling in Brain Development. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1644-1665. [PMID: 35651313 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In order for our complex nervous system to develop normally, both precise spatial and temporal regulation of a number of different signaling pathways is critical. During both early embryogenesis and in organ development, one pathway that has been repeatedly implicated is the Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. The paralogs YAP and TAZ are transcriptional co-activators that play an important role in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and organ growth. Regulation of these proteins by the Hippo kinase cascade is therefore important for normal development. In this article, we review the growing field of research surrounding the role of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in normal and atypical brain development. Starting from the development of the neural tube to the development and refinement of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and ventricular system, we address the typical role of these transcriptional co-activators, the functional consequences that manipulation of YAP/TAZ and their upstream regulators have on brain development, and where further research may be of benefit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K Terry
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Read RD. Repurposing the drug verteporfin as anti-neoplastic therapy for glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:708-710. [PMID: 35100422 PMCID: PMC9071275 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Read
- Corresponding Author: Renee D. Read, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA ()
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9
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Terry BK, Park R, Cho SH, Crino PB, Kim S. Abnormal activation of Yap/Taz contributes to the pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis complex. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1979-1996. [PMID: 34999833 PMCID: PMC9239747 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-systemic genetic disorder tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) impacts multiple neurodevelopmental processes including neuronal morphogenesis, neuronal migration, myelination and gliogenesis. These alterations contribute to the development of cerebral cortex abnormalities and malformations. Although TSC is caused by mTORC1 hyperactivation, cognitive and behavioral impairments are not improved through mTORC1 targeting, making the study of the downstream effectors of this complex important for understanding the mechanisms underlying TSC. As mTORC1 has been shown to promote the activity of the transcriptional co-activator Yap, we hypothesized that altered Yap/Taz signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of TSC. We first observed that the levels of Yap/Taz are increased in human cortical tuber samples and in embryonic cortices of Tsc2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Next, to determine how abnormal upregulation of Yap/Taz impacts the neuropathology of TSC, we deleted Yap/Taz in Tsc2 cKO mice. Importantly, Yap/Taz/Tsc2 triple conditional knockout (tcKO) animals show reduced cortical thickness and cortical neuron cell size, despite the persistence of high mTORC1 activity, suggesting that Yap/Taz play a downstream role in cytomegaly. Furthermore, Yap/Taz/Tsc2 tcKO significantly restored cortical and hippocampal lamination defects and reduced hippocampal heterotopia formation. Finally, the loss of Yap/Taz increased the distribution of myelin basic protein in Tsc2 cKO animals, consistent with an improvement in myelination. Overall, our results indicate that targeting Yap/Taz lessens the severity of neuropathology in a TSC animal model. This study is the first to implicate Yap/Taz as contributors to cortical pathogenesis in TSC and therefore as potential novel targets in the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K Terry
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Raehee Park
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals Pediatrics Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Seo-Hee Cho
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Seonhee Kim
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 215-926-9360; Fax: 215-926-9325;
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Su YC, Hung TH, Wang TF, Lee YH, Wang TW, Yu JY. YAP maintains the production of intermediate progenitor cells and upper-layer projection neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:846-863. [PMID: 34931379 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo pathway is conserved through evolution and plays critical roles in development, tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator downstream of the Hippo pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of YAP promotes proliferation in the developing brain. Whether YAP is required for the production of neural progenitor cells or neurons in vivo remains unclear. RESULTS We demonstrated that SATB homeobox 2 (SATB2)-positive projection neurons (PNs) in upper layers, but not T-box brain transcription factor 1-positive and Coup-TF interacting protein 2-positive PNs in deep layers, were decreased in the neonatal cerebral cortex of Yap conditional knockout (cKO) mice driven by Nestin-Cre. Cell proliferation was reduced in the developing cerebral cortex of Yap-cKO. SATB2-positive PNs are largely generated from intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs), which are derived from radial glial cells (RGCs) during cortical development. Among these progenitor cells, IPCs but not RGCs were decreased in Yap-cKO. We further demonstrated that cell cycle re-entry was reduced in progenitor cells of Yap-cKO, suggesting that fewer IPCs were generated in Yap-cKO. CONCLUSION YAP is required for the production of IPCs and upper-layer SATB2-positive PNs during development of the cerebral cortex in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Su
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Heng Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Fang Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Wei Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Yah Yu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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