1
|
Zahir M, Rashidian A, Hoseini M, Akbarian R, Chamanara M. Pharmacological evidence for the possible involvement of the NMDA receptor pathway in the anticonvulsant effect of tramadol in mice. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:444-453. [PMID: 36660072 PMCID: PMC9826747 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown controversial results regarding the pro- or anticonvulsant effects of tramadol. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of seizure induction or alleviation by tramadol has not been fully understood. In the current study, the effects of tramadol on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure and the possible involvement of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) pathway were assessed in mice. Methods Male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were treated with intravenous infusion of PTZ in order to induce clonic seizures and determine seizure threshold. Tramadol was injected intraperitoneally (0.1-150 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to elicitation of seizures. The possible effects of intraperitoneal injections of NMDA receptor antagonists, ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) on the anticonvulsant property of tramadol were investigated subsequently. Results Tramadol (1-100 mg/kg) increased PTZ-induced seizure threshold in a dose-dependent, time-independent manner, with optimal anticonvulsant effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Acute administration of either ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of a subeffective dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg). Conclusion These results suggest a possible role of the NMDA pathway in the anticonvulsant effect of tramadol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Zahir
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hoseini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Akbarian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1411718541, Tehran, Iran,* Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moradi Jafari A, Hassanpourezatti M. Influence of methadone on the anticonvulsant efficacy of valproate sodium gabapentin against maximal electroshock seizure in mice by regulation of brain MDA TNF-α. Front Neurol 2022; 13:920107. [PMID: 36081867 PMCID: PMC9445582 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.920107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methadone is the most frequently used opioid therapy worldwide, with controversial effects on oxidative stress homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) co-administration of methadone (0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg) and valproate sodium (300 mg/kg) or gabapentin (50 mg/kg) in the mice maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model. The adverse effect of drugs was assessed using the chimney test. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured in mice brains after a single seizure. Administration of methadone alone resulted in a significant reduction in the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) than that in the control group. Methadone pretreatment at doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg i.p. decreased, and at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg i.p. had an increasing effect on anticonvulsant efficacy of gabapentin. Pretreatment with all doses of methadone significantly decreased the valproate anticonvulsive efficacy. At doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg i.p. methadone per se increased brain MDA levels after MES-induced seizure. Administration of methadone (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) enhanced and at 3 mg/kg decreased gabapentin effect on brain MDA level, but their co-treatment did not lead to further increase in MDA. Methadone at 0.3–3 mg/kg enhanced the effect of sodium valproate on MDA levels in the brain, but at all doses significantly potentiated its effect on brain TNF-α levels. The drugs did not produce any side effects on motor coordination in experimental animals. In conclusion, methadone showed different effects on anticonvulsant actions of gabapentin and valproate through regulation of brain levels of MDA and TNF-α.
Collapse
|
3
|
Involvement of nitric oxide pathway in the acute anticonvulsant effect of salmon calcitonin in rats. Epilepsy Res 2022; 180:106864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Mumtaz F, Shafaroodi H, Nezamoleslami S, Zubair M, Sheibani M, Nikoui V, Ghazi-Khansari M, Dehpour AR. Involvement of nNOS, and α1, α2, β1, and β2 Subunits of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Genes Expression in Anticonvulsant Effect of Sumatriptan on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:181-192. [PMID: 33841534 PMCID: PMC8019868 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112594.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic seizure is phenomenon of abnormal synchronous neuronal discharge of a set of neurons in brain as a result of neuronal excitation. Evidence shows the nitric oxide (NO) involvement in neuronal excitability. Moreover, the role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) activation in seizure pathogenesis is well-established. Sumatriptan is a selective agonist of 5-Hydroxytryptamine1B/D auto-receptor, has been reassessed for its neuroprotection. This study was aimed to explore the anticonvulsant effect of sumatriptan through possible involvement of NO-cGMP pathway in mice. For this purpose, the protective effect of sumatriptan on PTZ-induced clonic seizure threshold (CST) was measured using NO-cGMP pathway inhibitors including N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (AG, 30, 50, and 100 mg/kg), methylene blue (MB, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) and sildenafil (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). The involvement of nitrergic system was further confirmed by measurement of nitrite levels by Griess reaction. The gene expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and subunits of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) was studied using qRT-PCR analysis. Acute administration of sumatriptan (1.2 and 0.3 mg/kg) in combination with subeffective doses of NOS, sGC, and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors significantly reversed the PTZ-induced CST (P ≤ 0.001). The nitrite level in prefrontal cortex was significantly attenuated by sumatriptan (P ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, sumatriptan downregulated the PTZ-induced mRNA expression of nNOS (P ≤ 0.01), α1 (P ≤ 0.001), α2 (P ≤ 0.05), and β1 (P ≤ 0.05) genes in cerebral cortex of mice. In conclusion, the anticonvulsant activity of sumatriptan at least, in part, is mediated through inhibiting NO-cGMP pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Mumtaz
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Nezamoleslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Nikoui
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raj K, Chawla P, Singh S. Neurobehavioral Consequences Associated with Long Term Tramadol Utilization and Pathological Mechanisms. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:758-768. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191112124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
:
Tramadol is a synthetic analog of codeine used to treat pain of moderate to severe intensity
and is reported to have neurotoxic potential. At therapeutic dose, tramadol does not cause major side
effects in comparison to other opioid analgesics, and is useful for the management of neurological
problems like anxiety and depression. Long term utilization of tramadol is associated with various neurological
disorders like seizures, serotonin syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
Tramadol produces seizures through inhibition of nitric oxide, serotonin reuptake and inhibitory effects
on GABA receptors. Extensive tramadol intake alters redox balance through elevating lipid peroxidation
and free radical leading to neurotoxicity and produces neurobehavioral deficits. During Alzheimer’s
disease progression, low level of intracellular signalling molecules like cGMP, cAMP, PKC
and PKA affect both learning and memory. Pharmacologically tramadol produces actions similar to Selective
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), increasing the concentration of serotonin, which causes
serotonin syndrome. In addition, tramadol also inhibits GABAA receptors in the CNS has been evidenced
to interfere with dopamine synthesis and release, responsible for motor symptoms. The reduced
level of dopamine may produce bradykinesia and tremors which are chief motor abnormalities in Parkinson’s
Disease (PD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadga Raj
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meskinimood S, Rahimi N, Faghir-Ghanesefat H, Gholami M, Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Modulatory effect of opioid ligands on status epilepticus and the role of nitric oxide pathway. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 101:106563. [PMID: 31675604 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures. Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Morphine has been the cornerstone of pain controlling medicines for a long time. In addition to the analgesic and opioid responses, morphine has also revealed anticonvulsant effects in different epilepsy models including pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures threshold. Some authors suggest that nitric oxide (NO) pathway interactions of morphine explain the reason for its pro or anticonvulsant activities. To induce SE, injection of a single dose of lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) 20 h before pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used. Administration of morphine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the SE and decreased the mortality in rats when injected 30 min before pilocarpine. On the other hand, injection of L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nonselective NO synthase (NOS) blocker; 10 mg/kg, i.p.), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, a neuronal NOS (nNOS) blocker; 30 mg/kg, i.p.), and aminoguanidine (AG, an inducible NOS (iNOS) blocker; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before morphine, significantly reversed inhibitory effect of morphine on SE. Subsequently, measurement of nitrite metabolite levels in the hippocampus of SE-induced rats displayed high levels of nitrite metabolite for the control group. However, after injection of morphine in SE-induced rats, nitrite metabolite levels reduced. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that NO pathway (both nNOS and iNOS) interactions are involved in the anticonvulsant effects of morphine on the SE signs and mortality rate induced by lithium-pilocarpine in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Meskinimood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Faghir-Ghanesefat
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hassanzadeh M, Sharifi N, Mahernia S, Rahimi N, Dehpour AR, Amanlou M. Effects of onopordia, a novel isolated compound from Onopordon acanthium, on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: Possible involvement of nitric oxide pathway. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 11:22-26. [PMID: 33511058 PMCID: PMC7817707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is identified as a brain disorder and characterized by unpredictable disruption of normal brain function. Due to adverse side effect associated with antiepileptic drugs and also resistance profile, improvement of antiepileptic medications with more beneficial anticonvulsant activity is essential. Natural products have demonstrated their therapeutic properties such as anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities and a source for identification of novel lead compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Onopordon acanthium secondary metabolite, onopordia, on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in male mice and investigate the possible role of nitric oxide pathway. Different doses of onopordia (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) and phenobarbital (20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p., 30, 60 and 120 min) prior to induction of epileptic seizure and compared to control groups. Onopordia demonstrated anticonvulsant effects when administrated at dose of 10 mg/kg, i.p. and optimum time 60 min prior to induction of seizure. Anticonvulsant effect of onopordia was blocked by applying a single dose of a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME; 10 mg/kg, i.p.), and also a single dose of a selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; 30 mg/kg, i.p.). Administration of ketamine as a N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.) with onopordia did not change the anticonvulsant effect of onopordia. The results of the present study demonstrated the anticonvulsant effect of onopordia as a new lead compound and also contribution of NO/nNOS pathway on PTZ-induced seizure in mice. Onopordia, as a new lead compound represents anticonvulsant activity in PTZ-induced seizures in mice. The effect of onopordia on seizures threshold may be mediated via NO/nNOS pathway. Ketamine did not alter the effects of onopordia on the seizure threshold.
Collapse
Key Words
- 7-NI, 7-nitroindazole
- AG, Aminoguanidine hydrochloride
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid
- L-Arg, l-arginine
- Mice
- N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid, NMDA
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- Nitric oxide
- Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors
- Onopordon acanthium
- PTZ, pentylenetetrazole
- Pentylenetetrazole
- Seizure
- eNOS, endothelial NOS
- iNOS, inducible NOS
- ip, intraperitoneally
- iv, intravenously
- l-NAME, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride
- nNOS, neuronal NOS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Sharifi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mahernia
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Samadi M, Shaki F, Bameri B, Fallah M, Ahangar N, Mohammadi H. Caffeine attenuates seizure and brain mitochondrial disruption induced by Tramadol: the role of adenosinergic pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:613-619. [PMID: 31368376 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1643874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol (TR) is an analgesic drug used to treat moderate-to-severe pain but it induces seizure even at therapeutic doses. The exact mechanism of TR-inducing seizure is not clear but inhibition of the serotonin, GABA, and nitrous oxide (NOS) pathways are the commonly proposed mechanisms. Adenosinergic system has a crucial function in the modulation of seizure. Also, oxidative damage is an unavoidable effect of the seizure. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of the adenosinergic system on the seizure and oxidative stress biomarkers induced by TR using antagonist of the adenosinergic receptors in the Albino mice. For that purpose, generated clonic seizure, as seizure threshold, was evaluated by TR. Caffeine (CAF; 8 mg/kg, i.p.), a nonselective antagonist of adenosine receptors, was administered 1 hour before the seizure induction. The seizure threshold significantly increased by CAF-treated group when compared to TR group (p < 0.001). Oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl content, and lipid peroxidation significantly decreased and glutathione content significantly increased by CAF in brain mitochondria compared to the TR group, whereas oxidative biomarkers significantly increased in the TR group compared to the control group. The results of the present study suggested that the adenosinergic system is involved in seizure induced by TR and meanwhile, inhibition of adenosine receptors can decrease the TR seizure threshold and also decrease the induced oxidative damage in the brain mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahedeh Samadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bameri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Marjan Fallah
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bameri B, Shaki F, Ahangar N, Ataee R, Samadi M, Mohammadi H. Evidence for the Involvement of the Dopaminergic System in Seizure and Oxidative Damage Induced by Tramadol. Int J Toxicol 2018; 37:164-170. [PMID: 29554822 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817753607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol (TR) is a synthetic analgesic drug with central function that can induce seizures even at therapeutic doses. The exact mechanism of TR effect on seizure generation is not clear, but inhibition of the serotonin and nitric oxide pathways and inhibitory effects on GABA receptors are the most common hypotheses about the seizure-inducing mechanism of the TR. This study aimed to evaluate the role of dopaminergic system on the seizure and oxidative damage induced by TR using agonist and antagonist drugs of this system in the Albino mice. Clonic seizure induced by TR was evaluated as seizure threshold. Haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, IP), a predominantly D2 receptor antagonist, and cabergolin (0.5 mg/kg, IP), a dopamine agonist specific for the D2 receptors, were injected 60 minutes before the seizure induction. The seizure threshold was significantly increased by dopaminergic antagonist, but it was decreased significantly by pretreatment with the selective agonist. Oxidative stress biomarkers (reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl content) significantly increased and glutathione content significantly decreased in brain mitochondria by TR compared with the control group, whereas oxidative markers were decreased significantly after pretreatment with haloperidol compared with the TR group. This study revealed that the dopaminergic system is involved in TR-induced seizure, and meanwhile, inhibition of dopamine D2 receptors can increase the TR threshold seizure and decrease the oxidative damage in the brain mitochondria. Conversely, stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors by cabergolin can decrease the TR threshold seizure and glutathione content in the brain mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bameri
- 1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- 1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- 1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ramin Ataee
- 1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahedeh Samadi
- 1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- 1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anticonvulsant effect of dextrometrophan on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: Involvement of nitric oxide and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 65:49-55. [PMID: 27875784 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dextrometrophan (DM), widely used as an antitussive, has recently generated interest as an anticonvulsant drug. Some effects of dextrometrophan are associated with alterations in several pathways, such as inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of acute administration of dextrometrophan on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and the probable involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway and NMDA receptors in this effect. For this purpose, seizures were induced by intravenous PTZ infusion. All drugs were administrated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route before PTZ injection. Our results demonstrate that acute DM treatment (10-100mg/kg) increased the seizure threshold. In addition, the nonselective NOS inhibitor L-NAME (10mg/kg) and the neural NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (40mg/kg), at doses that had no effect on seizure threshold, augmented the anticonvulsant effect of DM (3mg/kg), while the inducible NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100mg/kg), did not affect the anticonvulsant effect of DM. Moreover, the NOS substrate l-arginine (60mg/kg) blunted the anticonvulsant effect of DM (100mg/kg). Also, NMDA antagonists, ketamine (0.5mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.05mg/kg), augmented the anticonvulsant effect of DM (3mg/kg). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the anticonvulsant effect of DM is mediated by a decline in neural nitric oxide activity and inhibition of NMDA receptors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Brain serotonin content regulates the manifestation of tramadol-induced seizures in rats: disparity between tramadol-induced seizure and serotonin syndrome. Anesthesiology 2015; 122:178-89. [PMID: 25208083 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tramadol-induced seizures might be pathologically associated with serotonin syndrome. Here, the authors investigated the relationship between serotonin and the seizure-inducing potential of tramadol. METHODS Two groups of rats received pretreatment to modulate brain levels of serotonin and one group was treated as a sham control (n = 6 per group). Serotonin modulation groups received either para-chlorophenylalanine or benserazide + 5-hydroxytryptophan. Serotonin, dopamine, and histamine levels in the posterior hypothalamus were then measured by microdialysis, while simultaneously infusing tramadol until seizure onset. In another experiment, seizure threshold with tramadol was investigated in rats intracerebroventricularly administered with either a serotonin receptor antagonist (methysergide) or saline (n = 6). RESULTS Pretreatment significantly affected seizure threshold and serotonin fluctuations. The threshold was lowered in para-chlorophenylalanine group and raised in benserazide + 5-hydroxytryptophan group (The mean ± SEM amount of tramadol needed to induce seizures; sham: 43.1 ± 4.2 mg/kg, para-chlorophenylalanine: 23.2 ± 2.8 mg/kg, benserazide + 5-hydroxytryptophan: 59.4 ± 16.5 mg/kg). Levels of serotonin at baseline, and their augmentation with tramadol infusion, were less in the para-chlorophenylalanine group and greater in the benserazide + 5-hydroxytryptophan group. Furthermore, seizure thresholds were negatively correlated with serotonin levels (correlation coefficient; 0.71, P < 0.01), while intracerebroventricular methysergide lowered the seizure threshold (P < 0.05 vs. saline). CONCLUSIONS The authors determined that serotonin-reduced rats were predisposed to tramadol-induced seizures, and that serotonin concentrations were negatively associated with seizure thresholds. Moreover, serotonin receptor antagonism precipitated seizure manifestation, indicating that tramadol-induced seizures are distinct from serotonin syndrome.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun Y, Yin S, Li S, Yu D, Gong D, Xu J, Lian Y, Sun C. Effects of L-Arginine on Seizure Behavior and Expression of GFAP in Kainic Acid-Treated Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-013-9332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Adabi Mohazab R, Javadi-Paydar M, Delfan B, Dehpour AR. Possible involvement of PPAR-gamma receptor and nitric oxide pathway in the anticonvulsant effect of acute pioglitazone on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Prieto-Martín AI, Llorens S, Pardal-Fernández JM, Muñoz LJ, López DE, Escribano J, Nava E, de Cabo C. Opposite caudal versus rostral brain nitric oxide synthase response to generalized seizures in a novel rodent model of reflex epilepsy. Life Sci 2012; 90:531-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
Bankstahl M, Bankstahl JP, Bloms-Funke P, Löscher W. Striking differences in proconvulsant-induced alterations of seizure threshold in two rat models. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:127-37. [PMID: 22209701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During drug development, seizure threshold tests are widely used to identify potential proconvulsant activity of investigational drugs. The most commonly used tests in this respect are the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) infusion seizure test and the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test in mice or rats. To our knowledge, no study is available in which proconvulsant drug activities in these models are directly compared, which prompted us to perform such experiments in male Wistar rats. Five drugs with reported proconvulsant activity were tested in the two models: d-amphetamine, chlorpromazine, caffeine, theophylline, and tramadol. Furthermore, the anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital was included in the experiments. While phenobarbital exerted anticonvulsant activity in both models, the five proconvulsant drugs markedly differed in their effects. In the dose range tested, d-amphetamine significantly lowered the PTZ seizure threshold but increased the MEST, caffeine and theophylline did not alter the PTZ seizure threshold but decreased the MEST, and tramadol reduced the PTZ threshold but increased the MEST. These marked differences between seizure threshold tests are most likely a consequence of the mechanisms underlying seizure induction in these tests. Our data indicate that using only one seizure threshold model during preclinical drug development may pose the risk that potential proconvulsant activity of an investigational drug is overseen. However, the label "proconvulsant" may be misleading if such activity only occurs at doses high above the therapeutic range, but the drug is not proconvulsant or even exerts anticonvulsant effects at lower, therapeutically relevant doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bankstahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
This paper is the thirty-third consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2010 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
| |
Collapse
|