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Louis S, Busch RM, Lal D, Hockings J, Hogue O, Morita-Sherman M, Vegh D, Najm I, Ghosh C, Bazeley P, Eng C, Jehi L, Rotroff DM. Genetic and molecular features of seizure-freedom following surgical resections for focal epilepsy: A pilot study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:942643. [PMID: 36188379 PMCID: PMC9524264 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.942643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Seizure outcomes after brain surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) are very heterogeneous and difficult to predict with models utilizing the current clinical, imaging, and electrophysiological variables. In this pilot study, we investigated whether genetic and molecular biomarkers (e.g., genomic, transcriptomic) can provide additional insight into differential response to surgery. Methods Post-operative seizure-outcomes were collected at last follow-up (>6 months) for 201 adult patients with DRE who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2020. Resected tissue was sent for miRNA sequencing (n = 132) and mRNA sequencing (n = 135). Following the selection of 10 genes (SCN1A, NBEA, PTEN, GABRA1, LGL1, DEPDC5, IL1A, ABCB1, C3, CALHM1), we investigated SNPs in those 10 genes from previously acquired exome sequencing data (n = 106). Logistic regression was performed to test for associations between individual features (mRNAs, miRNAs, and SNPs) and post-operative seizure-outcome with an exploratory FDR P < 0.25 as the threshold for significance. Post-operative time-to-seizure analyses were performed for each SNP using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The majority of patients (83%) had temporal lobe epilepsy. Mean age at surgery was 38.3 years, and 56% were female. Three SNPs (rs10276036, rs11975994, rs1128503) in multi-drug resistance gene, ABCB1, were associated with post-operative seizure outcomes. Patients with alternate alleles in ABCB1 were more likely to be seizure-free at last follow-up (52–56% reduction in seizure recurrence; FDR P = 0.24). All three SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium and highly correlated with each other. Median post-operative time-to-seizure was 63 months for patients with 2 alternate alleles, 24–33 months with 1 alternate allele, and 10–11 months with 0 alternate alleles. These SNPs improved outcome prediction beyond MRI and sex alone. No independent miRNAs or mRNAs were significantly associated with seizure-outcome (P > 0.05). However, pathway analysis identified “cancer drug resistance by drug efflux” (mir-154 and mir-379) as enriched (P = 0.02), supporting the role of drug response genes in post-operative seizure recurrence. Significance ABCB1 may have a role in epileptogenesis and surgery outcomes independent of its drug efflux activity necessitating further investigation. SNPs in ABCB1 may serve as independent predictors of post-operative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Louis
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Robyn M. Busch
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Hockings
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Community Care and Population Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Olivia Hogue
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marcia Morita-Sherman
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Deborah Vegh
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Imad Najm
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Charis Eng
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Community Care and Population Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lara Jehi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Lara Jehi
| | - Daniel M. Rotroff
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel M. Rotroff
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García-Rodríguez C, Bravo-Tobar ID, Duarte Y, Barrio LC, Sáez JC. Contribution of non-selective membrane channels and receptors in epilepsy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107980. [PMID: 34481811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming refractory epilepsy's resistance to the combination of antiepileptic drugs (AED), mitigating side effects, and preventing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy are critical goals for therapy of this disorder. Current therapeutic strategies are based primarily on neurocentric mechanisms, overlooking the participation of astrocytes and microglia in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. This review is focused on a set of non-selective membrane channels (permeable to ions and small molecules), including channels and ionotropic receptors of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, such as: the hemichannels formed by Cx43 and Panx1; the purinergic P2X7 receptors; the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1 and TRPV4) channels; calcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs); transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels; transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels; voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) and volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), which all have in common being activated by epileptic activity and the capacity to exacerbate seizure intensity. Specifically, we highlight evidence for the activation of these channels/receptors during epilepsy including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, discuss signaling pathways and feedback mechanisms, and propose the functions of each of them in acute and chronic epilepsy. Studying the role of these non-selective membrane channels in epilepsy and identifying appropriate blockers for one or more of them could provide complementary therapies to better alleviate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Iván D Bravo-Tobar
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis C Barrio
- Hospital Ramon y Cajal-IRYCIS, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica de la Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
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3
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Thakran S, Guin D, Singh P, Singh P, Kukal S, Rawat C, Yadav S, Kushwaha SS, Srivastava AK, Hasija Y, Saso L, Ramachandran S, Kukreti R. Genetic Landscape of Common Epilepsies: Advancing towards Precision in Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7784. [PMID: 33096746 PMCID: PMC7589654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures, is highly heterogeneous in nature. Based on the prevalence, epilepsy is classified into two types: common and rare epilepsies. Common epilepsies affecting nearly 95% people with epilepsy, comprise generalized epilepsy which encompass idiopathic generalized epilepsy like childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizure on awakening and focal epilepsy like temporal lobe epilepsy and cryptogenic focal epilepsy. In 70% of the epilepsy cases, genetic factors are responsible either as single genetic variant in rare epilepsies or multiple genetic variants acting along with different environmental factors as in common epilepsies. Genetic testing and precision treatment have been developed for a few rare epilepsies and is lacking for common epilepsies due to their complex nature of inheritance. Precision medicine for common epilepsies require a panoramic approach that incorporates polygenic background and other non-genetic factors like microbiome, diet, age at disease onset, optimal time for treatment and other lifestyle factors which influence seizure threshold. This review aims to comprehensively present a state-of-art review of all the genes and their genetic variants that are associated with all common epilepsy subtypes. It also encompasses the basis of these genes in the epileptogenesis. Here, we discussed the current status of the common epilepsy genetics and address the clinical application so far on evidence-based markers in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment management. In addition, we assessed the diagnostic predictability of a few genetic markers used for disease risk prediction in individuals. A combination of deeper endo-phenotyping including pharmaco-response data, electro-clinical imaging, and other clinical measurements along with genetics may be used to diagnose common epilepsies and this marks a step ahead in precision medicine in common epilepsies management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India;
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
| | - Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
| | - Suman S. Kushwaha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India;
| | - Achal K. Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Yasha Hasija
- Department of Bioinformatics, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)—Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; (S.T.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (S.Y.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;
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Kılınç S, Campbell C, Guy A, van Wersch A. Negotiating the boundaries of the medical model: Experiences of people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 102:106674. [PMID: 31783319 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
People with epilepsy (PWE) continually report dissatisfaction with the support they receive, particularly in regard to their psychological wellbeing. With its focus on optimal seizure control, epilepsy treatment is entrenched in the medical model of illness, despite growing evidence of the broader psychosocial impact of the condition. This study aimed to explore how PWE experience healthcare in the context of their lives. Semistructured interviews were conducted with thirty-nine adults with epilepsy from across the UK. An adapted version of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was conducted, and three superordinate themes were identified. Firstly, "negotiating the space between health and illness" identified how participants rejected the illness identity and struggled with a treatment regime, which reminded them of the longevity of their condition. Secondly, "tensions in adopting a biomedical perspective" considered how medical professionals overlooked the negative side effects medication had on participants' lives, in favor of optimal seizure control. Thirdly, "the need for broader support" highlighted the additional psychosocial support PWE require. The findings indicate the need to incorporate person-centered, psychological services within the care pathway for PWE, as well as training for health professionals to recognize the broader impact of epilepsy beyond seizure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kılınç
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | | | - Alison Guy
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Anna van Wersch
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
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5
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Xiao W, Wu Y, Wang J, Luo Z, Long L, Deng N, Ning S, Zeng Y, Long H, Xiao B. Network and Pathway-Based Analysis of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of miRNA in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7022-7031. [PMID: 30968344 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a complex disease with its pathogenetic mechanism still unclear. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miRNA (miRSNPs) are SNPs located on miRNA genes or target sites of miRNAs, which have been proved to be associated with neuropsychic disease development by interfering with miRNA-mediated regulatory function. In this study, we integrated TLE-related risk genes and risk pathways multi-dimensionally based on public data resources. Furthermore, we systematically screened candidate functional miRSNPs for TLE and constructed a TLE-associated pathway-based miRSNP switching network, which included 92 miRNAs that target 12 TLE risk pathways. Moreover, we dissected thoroughly the correlation between 5 risk genes of 4 risk pathways and TLE development. Additionally, the biological function of several candidate miRSNPs were validated by luciferase reporter assay. In silico approach facilitates to select potential "miRSNP-miRNA-risk gene-pathway" axis for experimental validation, which provided new insights into the mechanism of miRSNPs as potential genetic risk factors of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yanhao Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Na Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shangwei Ning
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Hongyu Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Hoyt CT, Domingo-Fernández D, Balzer N, Güldenpfennig A, Hofmann-Apitius M. A systematic approach for identifying shared mechanisms in epilepsy and its comorbidities. Database (Oxford) 2018; 2018:5032610. [PMID: 29873705 PMCID: PMC6007221 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of several nervous system diseases is more frequent in epilepsy patients than in the general population. Some comorbidities [e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease] are also risk factors for the development of seizures; suggesting they may share pathophysiological mechanisms with epilepsy. A literature-based approach was used to identify gene overlap between epilepsy and its comorbidities as a proxy for a shared genetic basis for disease, or genetic pleiotropy, as a first effort to identify shared mechanisms. While the results identified neurological disorders as the group of diseases with the highest gene overlap, this analysis was insufficient for identifying putative common mechanisms shared across epilepsy and its comorbidities. This motivated the use of a dedicated literature mining and knowledge assembly approach in which a cause-and-effect model of epilepsy was captured with Biological Expression Language. After enriching the knowledge assembly with information surrounding epilepsy, its risk factors, its comorbidities, and anti-epileptic drugs, a novel comparative mechanism enrichment approach was used to propose several downstream effectors (including the GABA receptor, GABAergic pathways, etc.) that could explain the therapeutic effects carbamazepine in both the contexts of epilepsy and AD. We have made the Epilepsy Knowledge Assembly available at https://www.scai.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/scai/de/downloads/bioinformatik/epilepsy.bel and queryable through NeuroMMSig at http://neurommsig.scai.fraunhofer.de. The source code used for analysis and tutorials for reproduction are available on GitHub at https://github.com/cthoyt/epicom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Tapley Hoyt
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, Bonn 53113, Germany
- Corresponding author: Tel: +49 2241 14-2268; Fax: +49 2241 14-2656;
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Nora Balzer
- Department of Life Science Informatics, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Anka Güldenpfennig
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Department of Life Science Informatics, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, Bonn 53113, Germany
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Pitkänen A, Löscher W, Vezzani A, Becker AJ, Simonato M, Lukasiuk K, Gröhn O, Bankstahl JP, Friedman A, Aronica E, Gorter JA, Ravizza T, Sisodiya SM, Kokaia M, Beck H. Advances in the development of biomarkers for epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2017; 15:843-856. [PMID: 27302363 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy. In nearly 30% of these cases, epilepsy remains unsatisfactorily controlled despite the availability of over 20 antiepileptic drugs. Moreover, no treatments exist to prevent the development of epilepsy in those at risk, despite an increasing understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways. One of the major factors that have impeded rapid progress in these areas is the complex and multifactorial nature of epilepsy, and its heterogeneity. Therefore, the vision of developing targeted treatments for epilepsy relies upon the development of biomarkers that allow individually tailored treatment. Biomarkers for epilepsy typically fall into two broad categories: diagnostic biomarkers, which provide information on the clinical status of, and potentially the sensitivity to, specific treatments, and prognostic biomarkers, which allow prediction of future clinical features, such as the speed of progression, severity of epilepsy, development of comorbidities, or prediction of remission or cure. Prognostic biomarkers are of particular importance because they could be used to identify which patients will develop epilepsy and which might benefit from preventive treatments. Biomarker research faces several challenges; however, biomarkers could substantially improve the management of people with epilepsy and could lead to prevention in the right person at the right time, rather than just symptomatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Albert J Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Unit of Gene Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Merab Kokaia
- Epilepsy Center, Experimental Epilepsy Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Heinz Beck
- Laboratory for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Chen T, Giri M, Xia Z, Subedi YN, Li Y. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of epilepsy: a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1841-1859. [PMID: 28761347 PMCID: PMC5516882 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s142032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common episodic neurological disorder or condition characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, and genetics seems to play a key role in its etiology. Early linkage studies have localized multiple loci that may harbor susceptibility genes to epilepsy, and mutational analyses have detected a number of mutations involved in both ion channel and nonion channel genes in patients with idiopathic epilepsy. Genome-wide studies of epilepsy have found copy number variants at 2q24.2-q24.3, 7q11.22, 15q11.2-q13.3, and 16p13.11-p13.2, some of which disrupt multiple genes, such as NRXN1, AUTS2, NLGN1, CNTNAP2, GRIN2A, PRRT2, NIPA2, and BMP5, implicated for neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability and autism. Unfortunately, only a few common genetic variants have been associated with epilepsy. Recent exome-sequencing studies have found some genetic mutations, most of which are located in nonion channel genes such as the LGI1, PRRT2, EFHC1, PRICKLE, RBFOX1, and DEPDC5 and in probands with rare forms of familial epilepsy, and some of these genes are involved with the neurodevelopment. Since epigenetics plays a role in neuronal function from embryogenesis and early brain development to tissue-specific gene expression, epigenetic regulation may contribute to the genetic mechanism of neurodevelopment through which a gene and the environment interacting with each other affect the development of epilepsy. This review focused on the analytic tools used to identify epilepsy and then provided a summary of recent linkage and association findings, indicating the existence of novel genes on several chromosomes for further understanding of the biology of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Health Management Center, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohan Giri
- National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Ratopul, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Zhenyi Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadu Nanda Subedi
- National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Ratopul, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Li BY, Chen SD. Potential Similarities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease: From Clinic to Pathology. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:723-8. [PMID: 24906967 PMCID: PMC10852563 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514537547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is clinically characterized by insidious onset of memory and cognitive impairments, which are also presented in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Many studies have shown that seizures occur in some patients with AD, and AD is a risk factor for epilepsy, mainly complex partial and secondary generalized seizure. Here, we focus on the relationship between TLE and AD in clinical and pathological aspects, as they are having similar comorbidities and mechanisms. In this study, we first reviewed the clinical observations that showed concomitant AD and TLE. Then, we picked up common genetic and pathological changes in both the diseases from neurobiological researches. Although both the diseases have delicate differences in many aspects, their common characteristics intrigue more detailed research to be done by newer technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yin Li
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Moreno-Ortega AJ, Martínez-Sanz FJ, Lajarín-Cuesta R, de Los Rios C, Cano-Abad MF. Benzothiazepine CGP37157 and its 2'-isopropyl analogue modulate Ca²⁺ entry through CALHM1. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:503-10. [PMID: 25908402 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CALHM1 is a Ca(2+) channel discovered in 2008, which plays a key role in the neuronal electrical activity, among other functions. However, there are no known efficient blockers able to modulate its Ca(2+) handling ability. We herein describe that benzothiazepine CGP37157 and its newly synthesized analogue ITH12575 reduced Ca(2+) influx through CALHM1 at low micromolar concentrations. These results could serve as a starting point for the development of more selective CALHM1 ligands using CGP37157 as a hit compound, which would help to study the physiological role of CALHM1 in the control of [Ca(2+)]cyt in excitable cells, as well as its implication in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Moreno-Ortega
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Martínez-Sanz
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Lajarín-Cuesta
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Rios
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F Cano-Abad
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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No association between polymorphisms in the calcium homeostasis modulator 1 gene and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy risk in a Chinese population. Seizure 2013; 23:231-3. [PMID: 24326043 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is one of the most common forms of epilepsies in adults. The calcium homeostasis modulator 1 gene (CALHM1) has been considered one of the candidate genes that play a role in epileptogenesis due to its function in calcium homeostasis and amyloid β (Aβ) regulation. Recently, the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs11191692) of CALHM1 has been reported to be associated with MTLE in Han Chinese, but independent replication is needed. In the present study, rs11191692 and rs2986017 of CALHM1 were determined in 512 MTLE patients and 412 control subjects to investigate the possible involvement of CALHM1 in the etiology of MTLE. METHOD Genotyping was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Major statistical analyses were performed by SAS. RESULTS No significant differences in the genotypic or allelic frequencies of both single-nucleotide polymorphisms were revealed between subjects with and without MTLE (rs11191692: P=0.890 and 0.230; rs2986017: P=0.581 and 0.072). Further stratification analysis by gender and age, and analysis of clinical features in relation to MTLE also yielded negative results. CONCLUSION rs11191692 and rs2986017 of CALHM1 do not contribute substantially to MTLE in Han Chinese.
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12
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Genetics of temporal lobe epilepsy: a review. EPILEPSY RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:863702. [PMID: 22957248 PMCID: PMC3420533 DOI: 10.1155/2012/863702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is usually regarded as a polygenic and complex disorder. To understand its genetic component, numerous linkage analyses of familial forms and association studies of cases versus controls have been conducted since the middle of the nineties. The present paper lists genetic findings for TLE from the initial segregation analysis to the most recent results published in May 2011. To date, no genes have been clearly related to TLE despite many efforts to do so. However, it is vital to continue replication studies and collaborative attempts to find significant results and thus determine which gene variant combination plays a definitive role in the aetiology of TLE.
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