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Rathi VM, Das AV, Mahajan M, Khanna RC. Demographics and clinical profile of patients with ocular Calotropis poisoning in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2417-2420. [PMID: 34427234 PMCID: PMC8544100 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3434_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical profile of patients with ocular Calotropis poisoning presenting to a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,047,360 new patients presenting between August 2010 and March 2020. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of Calotropis poisoning in at least one eye were included. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Descriptive statistics using mean ± standard deviation and median with inter-quartile range (IQR) were used to elucidate the demographic data. Chi-square test was done for univariate analysis. Results: Overall, 362 (0.018%) new patients were diagnosed with ocular Calotropis poisoning during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 44.10 ± 18.61 years. The incidence rates were 0.013% in children and 0.018% in adults. Males were 57.46% and 87.29% had unilateral affliction. A significant number of patients presented from the rural geography (59.67%) and were from the higher socioeconomic class (72.65%). About a fourth of the patients were homemakers (23.48%) followed by agriculture workers (18.23%). Of the 408 affected eyes, 49.26% had mild visual impairment (<20/70) followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70 to ≤ 20/200) in 23.28%. The most common clinical signs were conjunctival congestion (61.03%), descemet membrane folds (57.35%), stromal edema (30.39%), and corneal epithelial defect (24.51%). Conclusion: Calotropis poisoning in individuals seeking eye care in India is very rare. It is commonly unilateral and occurs more in the rural geography. It is common in middle-aged males and may affect vision due to involvement of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha M Rathi
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (GPRICARE), L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad, India
| | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of EyeSmart EMR & AEye; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, LVPEI, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care (GPRICARE); Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LVPEI, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Jahanbani R, Bahramnejad E, Rahimi N, Shafaroodi H, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Dehpour AR, Vahdati K. Anti-seizure effects of walnut peptides in mouse models of induced seizure: The involvement of GABA and nitric oxide pathways. Epilepsy Res 2021; 176:106727. [PMID: 34333374 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the foremost medical disorders. Oxidative stress is a well-known mechanism in epileptogenesis, and many studies suggest that oxidative stress affects the onset and evolution of epilepsy. Here we evaluated the walnut peptide extracts' anti-seizure property in three different mouse seizure models including pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure, chemical kindling, and maximal electroshock. Walnut peptides (20 mg/Kg) were administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of mice 60 min before seizure induction in the three models. To delineate the mechanisms of walnut peptides anti-seizure activity, we evaluated the impact of diazepam, flumazenil, and a NOS inhibitor on this activity. Intraperitoneal administration of walnut peptides significantly increased the seizure threshold. Our results also demonstrated that walnut peptides exert their anti-seizure properties through the modulation of benzodiazepine receptors. Thus, walnut peptides may be considered as a new anti-convulsion agent, which can reduce seizure occurrence and slow down seizure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Jahanbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Bahramnejad
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Obese E, Ameyaw EO, Biney RP, Adakudugu EA, Woode E. Neuropharmacological Assessment of the Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Calotropis procera (Ait). R. Br. (Apocynaceae) in Mice. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:5551380. [PMID: 34306795 PMCID: PMC8270701 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5551380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calotropis procera has been widely used traditionally for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is also reportedly used in ethnomedicine for mental health disorders including epilepsy even in the absence of supporting scientific data. Thus, the potential of the plant to affect neurological functions was evaluated. METHODS Irwin's test was performed to determine the effect of the oral administration of the extract (30-3000 mg kg-1) on gross behaviour and physiological function. The activity meter, rotarod, pentylenetetrazol- (PTZ-) induced convulsion, pentobarbitone-induced sleep test, and the tail immersion tests were used to evaluate the spontaneous activity, neuromuscular function, convulsive threshold, sedation, and analgesic effects of the Calotropis procera extract (30-1000 mg/kg), respectively, in mice. RESULTS Calotropis procera extract (CPE) exhibited significant (p < 0.0001) anticonvulsant and analgesic effects. There was a significant increase in withdrawal latency of the CPE-treated animals in the tail immersion test for analgesia (p < 0.0001), while latency and duration of PTZ-induced convulsions were positively modulated. Calotropis procera extract showed significant (p < 0.0001) central nervous system depressant effects in pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis at 100-1000 mg/kg and spontaneous activity test (30-1000 mg/kg). The extract also depicted impaired motor coordination at 100-1000 mg/kg dose levels. LD50 was estimated to be above 1000 mg kg-1. CONCLUSIONS Calotropis procera extract has significant central nervous system depressant and analgesic effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Awintiig Adakudugu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health & Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Kinda PT, Nacoulma AP, Guenné S, Compaoré M, Djandé A, Lagnika L, Kiendrébéogo M. The Metabolomic study of Calotropis procera Ait. from Burkina Faso, based on chemical functional groups profiling using FTIR. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2019-0134. [PMID: 32543456 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background C. procera is an important wild medicinal plant used in different area of Burkina Faso for the neuropsychiatric disorders treatment. It was reported to possess many pharmacological properties because of its phytochemical diversity. This study was carried out to identify possible specific chemical characteristics form C. procera leaves and root-bark samples, harvested in two regions of Burkina Faso, for a better selective use of specimens in traditional medicine. Methods Plant materials (leaves and root-bark) were collected from five sites in each region. Samples powders and extracts were mixed with potassium bromide for the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. A multivariate data analysis was performed to highlight differences in the FTIR spectral profile of samples. Therefore, phytochemical contents such as phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were evaluated with aqueous and methanolic extracts, using UV/visible light spectrophotometer method. Results Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed a significant difference between leaves and root-bark spectral profile, independently to the region of collection. These profiles possess characteristic signals which could be exploited as biomarkers for plant organ discrimination. The phytochemical contents evaluation showed that C. procera leaves contain more significant phenolics, and root-bark possess more terpenoid compounds. This study of C. procera Ait. based on FTIR spectral characteristic and phytochemical content, suggest that terpenoids, notably cardenolide-type could be a good biomarkers for C. procera samples characterization and to explain root-bark therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper T Kinda
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LA.BIO.C.A), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 P. O. Box: 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Kadiogo, Burkina Faso
| | - Aminata P Nacoulma
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LA.BIO.C.A), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 P. O. Box: 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Kadiogo, Burkina Faso
| | - Samson Guenné
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LA.BIO.C.A), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 P. O. Box: 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Kadiogo, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LA.BIO.C.A), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 P. O. Box: 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Kadiogo, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Djandé
- Laboratoiry of Molecular Chemistry and Materials (LCMM), Organic Chemistry and Phtochemistry Team, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Latifou Lagnika
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactives Natural Substances, University of Abomey-calavi, 01 P. O Box: 348, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Martin Kiendrébéogo
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LA.BIO.C.A), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 P. O. Box: 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Kadiogo, Burkina Faso
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Khan AU, Akram M, Daniyal M, Akhter N, Riaz M, Akhtar N, Shariati MA, Anjum F, Khan SG, Parveen A, Ahmad S. Awareness and current knowledge of epilepsy. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:45-63. [PMID: 31605258 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severe neural disorder that affects approximately fifty million individuals globally. Despite the fact that for most of the people with epilepsy, convulsions are better controlled by current accessible antiepileptic medicines, yet there are more than 30% of individuals affected with medically intractable epilepsy and around 30-40% of all patients with epilepsy affected by many adverse reactions and convulsion resistance to the present antiepileptic drugs. Consequently, various scientists attempt to develop new strategies to treat epilepsy, for instance, to find out novel antiepileptic ingredients from traditional medicines. This work aims to present a complete summary of natural medicines prescribed as antiepileptic agents all over the world by ethnic groups and different tribes. We undertook an extensive bibliographic analysis by searching peer reviewed papers and classical textbooks and further consulting well accepted worldwide scientific databases. We carried out PubMed, EMbase and CENTRAL searches by means of terms such as "antiepileptic" and "anti-convulsant" activity of plants. Medicinal plants have been prescribed to treat epilepsy and have been recognized as antiepileptic medicines. In this review, a variety of herbs have been reviewed for thorough studies such as Cuminum cyminum, Butea monosperma, Solanum americanum, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Leonotis leonurus, Elaeocarpus ganitrus and Angelica archangelica. This paper shows that it was high time experimental studies are increased to obtain novel potential active principles from medicinal plants. Plant extracts and their chemical constituents should be further evaluated to clarify their mechanisms of action. This paper provides a solid base upon which to further investigate the clinical efficacy of medicinal plants that are both currently prescribed by physicians as traditional antiepileptic agents, but also could be effective as an antiepileptic drug with further research and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professional, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food industry (Semey branch), Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Fozia Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
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Choudhary N, Singh V. Insights about multi-targeting and synergistic neuromodulators in Ayurvedic herbs against epilepsy: integrated computational studies on drug-target and protein-protein interaction networks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10565. [PMID: 31332210 PMCID: PMC6646331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, that comprises a wide spectrum of neuronal disorders and accounts for about one percent of global disease burden affecting people of all age groups, is recognised as apasmara in the traditional medicinal system of Indian antiquity commonly known as Ayurveda. Towards exploring the molecular level complex regulatory mechanisms of 63 anti-epileptic Ayurvedic herbs and thoroughly examining the multi-targeting and synergistic potential of 349 drug-like phytochemicals (DPCs) found therein, in this study, we develop an integrated computational framework comprising of network pharmacology and molecular docking studies. Neuromodulatory prospects of anti-epileptic herbs are probed and, as a special case study, DPCs that can regulate metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are inspected. A novel methodology to screen and systematically analyse the DPCs having similar neuromodulatory potential vis-à-vis DrugBank compounds (NeuMoDs) is developed and 11 NeuMoDs are reported. A repertoire of 74 DPCs having poly-pharmacological similarity with anti-epileptic DrugBank compounds and those under clinical trials is also reported. Further, high-confidence PPI-network specific to epileptic protein-targets is developed and the potential of DPCs to regulate its functional modules is investigated. We believe that the presented schema can open-up exhaustive explorations of indigenous herbs towards meticulous identification of clinically relevant DPCs against various diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Choudhary
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176206, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176206, India.
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Kinda PT, Zerbo P, Guenné S, Compaoré M, Ciobica A, Kiendrebeogo M. Medicinal Plants Used for Neuropsychiatric Disorders Treatment in the Hauts Bassins Region of Burkina Faso. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4020032. [PMID: 28930246 PMCID: PMC5590068 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: In Burkina Faso, phytotherapy is the main medical alternative used by populations to manage various diseases that affect the nervous system. The aim of the present study was to report medicinal plants with psychoactive properties used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders in the Hauts Bassins region, in the western zone of Burkina Faso. Methods: Through an ethnobotanical survey using structured questionnaire, 53 traditional healers (TH) were interviewed about neuropsychiatric disorders, medicinal plants and medical practices used to treat them. The survey was carried out over a period of three months. Results: The results report 66 plant species used to treat neuropsychiatric pathologies. Roots (36.2%) and leaves (29%) were the main plant parts used. Alone or associated, these parts were used to prepare drugs using mainly the decoction and the trituration methods. Remedies were administered via drink, fumigation and external applications. Conclusions: It appears from this study a real knowledge of neuropsychiatric disorders in the traditional medicine of Hauts Bassins area. The therapeutic remedies suggested in this work are a real interest in the fight against psychiatric and neurological diseases. In the future, identified plants could be used for searching antipsychotic or neuroprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper T Kinda
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 PB 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Patrice Zerbo
- Laboratoire de Biologie et écologie végétale, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Samson Guenné
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 PB 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 PB 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Alin Ciobica
- "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Department of Research, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, Iasi 700505, Romania.
| | - Martin Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, Université Ouaga I-Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 PB 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
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Sriranjini SJ, Sandhya K, Mamta VS. Ayurveda and botanical drugs for epilepsy: Current evidence and future prospects. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:290-6. [PMID: 26141933 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of epilepsy has progressed since its earliest impression as a disease associated with paranormal and superstitious beliefs. Landmark advances have been made in deciphering the pathophysiological substrates involved in the disease process, and treatment advances have contributed significantly to ameliorating the seizures. However, disease-modifying agents are yet to be discovered. Ayurveda is a system of medicine that stresses a holistic approach to disease, and treatment is focused on disease modification and symptom management. Herbs form the core of Ayurveda medicine; though many of them have been studied for their anticonvulsant activity, very few actually mention the reference of these herbs in Ayurveda literature. Other therapeutic interventions used in Ayurveda are relatively unexplored, and future research will need to focus on this. The current manuscript briefly discusses the understanding of epilepsy as per Ayurveda and reviews herbs that have been studied for their anticonvulsant activity mentioned in Ayurveda literature. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaram Jaideep Sriranjini
- MS Ramaiah Indic Center for Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India.
| | - Kumar Sandhya
- Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Vernekar Sanjeeva Mamta
- MS Ramaiah Indic Center for Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
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