1
|
Sun Y, Feng W, Chen J, Liu M, Shi X, Wang J, Zou L, Xu T, Yang G. Melatonin supplementation for the treatment of infantile spasms: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled triple-blind trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057970. [PMID: 35788069 PMCID: PMC9255389 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infantile spasms (IS) is a type of severe epileptic encephalopathy that occurs in infancy and early childhood. IS is characterised clinically by epileptic spasms, often accompanied by sleep disorder and abnormal circadian rhythm. The endogenous circadian rhythm disorder, in turn, can make spasms worse. Melatonin has also been found to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties by adjusting the circadian rhythm. However, there are lack of relevant studies on controlling IS by using melatonin. This study aims to analyse the therapeutic effect of melatonin supplementation for the treatment of IS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a triple-blinded (trial participant, outcome assessor and the data analyst), prospective, randomised controlled trial to be conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China from November 2020. Patients (n=70) aged 3 months to 2 years with IS will be recruited in this study after receiving written consent from their parents or guardians. Patients will be randomly divided into two equal groups and treated with a combination of adrenocorticotropic hormone, magnesium sulfate and either melatonin or placebo. Clinical data from the patients in the two groups before and after the treatment will be collected and compared. The primary outcome will be assessed 2 weeks later by seizure diaries and reported as the average reduced rate of spasms frequency. Secondary outcomes include the response rate (the rate of spasms-free), electroencephalogram hypsarrhythmia assessment and the psychomotor development assessment (Denver Developmental Screening Test). Sleep quality and safety will also be assessed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital (reference number S2020-337-01) and was reported according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials statement. Findings of this research will be disseminated through national and international meetings, conferences and peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2000036208.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kennaway DJ. Melatonin measurement in epilepsy; are the assays letting us down? Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107594. [PMID: 33248945 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, AHMS Building, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kapek Ł, Paprocka J, Kijonka M, Zych M, Emich-Widera E, Rzepka-Migut B, Borys D, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I, Sokół M. Circadian Profile of Salivary Melatonin Secretion in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:6209841. [PMID: 33061967 PMCID: PMC7533010 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6209841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, the salivary melatonin secretion in the hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) children was measured. The logit model was fitted to the data to obtain the salivary dim light melatonin onsets (DLMOs), and the results were compared with the values estimated from the classic threshold method with a linear interpolation and those previously published for the blood measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 patients suffering from HIE aged from 65 to 80 months were included in the study. The melatonin levels were assessed by a radioimmunoassay (RIA). The diurnal melatonin secretion was estimated using a nonlinear least squares method. Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the comparisons of the obtained parameters. RESULTS The circadian profiles of the melatonin secretion for both calculation methods do not differ statistically. The DLMO parameters obtained in the blood and saliva samples in children with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kapek
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Kijonka
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Emich-Widera
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Rzepka-Migut
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, St. Queen Jadwiga's Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Damian Borys
- Silesian University of Technology, Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan S, Khurana M, Vyas P, Vohora D. The role of melatonin and its analogues in epilepsy. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:/j/revneuro.ahead-of-print/revneuro-2019-0088/revneuro-2019-0088.xml. [PMID: 32950966 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has gone into proposing a promising link between melatonin administration and attenuation of epileptic activity, the majority of which suggest its propensity as an antiseizure with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In the past few years, a number of studies highlighting the association of the melatonergic ligands with epilepsy have also emerged. In this context, our review is based on discussing the recent studies and various mechanisms of action that the said category of drugs exhibit in the context of being therapeutically viable antiseizure drugs. Our search revealed several articles on the four major drugs i.e. melatonin, agomelatine, ramelteon and piromelatine along with other melatonergic agonists like tasimelteon and TIK-301. Our review is suggestive of antiseizure effects of both melatonin and its analogues; however, extensive research work is still required to study their implications in the treatment of persons with epilepsy. Further evaluation of melatonergic signaling pathways and mechanisms may prove to be helpful in the near future and might prove to be a significant advance in the field of epileptology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mallika Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Preeti Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rzepka-Migut B, Paprocka J. Melatonin-Measurement Methods and the Factors Modifying the Results. A Systematic Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1916. [PMID: 32183489 PMCID: PMC7142625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and adaptation to environmental changes. Concentration measurements in bioliquids such as serum/plasma, saliva and urine are widely used to assess peripheral rhythm. The aim of the study was to compare methods and conditions of determinations carried out with the identification of factors potentially affecting the measurements obtained. We have identified a group of modifiable and unmodifiable factors that facilitate data interpretation. Knowledge of modifiers allows you to carefully plan the test protocol and then compare the results. There is no one universal sampling standard, because the choice of method and biofluid depends on the purpose of the study and the research group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Rzepka-Migut
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Pediatrics, St. Queen Jadwiga’s Regional Clinical Hospital No 2 Rzeszów, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paprocka J, Kijonka M, Wojcieszek P, Pęcka M, Emich-Widera E, Sokół M. Melatonin and Angelman Syndrome: Implications and Mathematical Model of Diurnal Secretion. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:5853167. [PMID: 29379523 PMCID: PMC5742894 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5853167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to compare the melatonin rhythms in subjects with Angelman syndrome (n = 9) and in children with (n = 80) and without (n = 40) epilepsy (nonepileptic patients diagnosed with peripheral nerve palsies, myopathy, and back pain) using our mathematical model of melatonin circadian secretion. The characteristics describing the diurnal hormone secretion such as minimum melatonin concentration, release amplitude, phase shift of melatonin release, and sleep duration as well as the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) of melatonin secretion and the γ shape parameter allow analyzing the fit and deducing about how much the measured melatonin profile differs from a physiological bell-shaped secretion. The estimated sleep duration and phase shift of melatonin release as well as the DMLO offsets at 25% and 50% relative thresholds are the key characteristic of Angelman syndrome children. As revealed from the γ shape parameter, the melatonin secretion profiles are disturbed in majority of the AG subjects revealing rather a triangular course instead of the bell-like one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Kijonka
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojcieszek
- Brachytherapy Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Pęcka
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Emich-Widera
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Won J, Jin Y, Choi J, Park S, Lee TH, Lee SR, Chang KT, Hong Y. Melatonin as a Novel Interventional Candidate for Fragile X Syndrome with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632163 PMCID: PMC5486135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FXS with ASD results from the loss of fragile X mental retardation (fmr) gene products, including fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which triggers a variety of physiological and behavioral abnormalities. This disorder is also correlated with clock components underlying behavioral circadian rhythms and, thus, a mutation of the fmr gene can result in disturbed sleep patterns and altered circadian rhythms. As a result, FXS with ASD individuals may experience dysregulation of melatonin synthesis and alterations in melatonin-dependent signaling pathways that can impair vigilance, learning, and memory abilities, and may be linked to autistic behaviors such as abnormal anxiety responses. Although a wide variety of possible causes, symptoms, and clinical features of ASD have been studied, the correlation between altered circadian rhythms and FXS with ASD has yet to be extensively investigated. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of melatonin on the nervous, immune, and metabolic systems and, even though the utilization of melatonin for sleep dysfunctions in ASD has been considered in clinical research, future studies should investigate its neuroprotective role during the developmental period in individuals with ASD. Thus, the present review focuses on the regulatory circuits involved in the dysregulation of melatonin and disruptions in the circadian system in individuals with FXS with ASD. Additionally, the neuroprotective effects of melatonin intervention therapies, including improvements in neuroplasticity and physical capabilities, are discussed and the molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder are reviewed. The authors suggest that melatonin may be a useful treatment for FXS with ASD in terms of alleviating the adverse effects of variations in the circadian rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Won
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Yunho Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Sookyoung Park
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea.
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paprocka J, Kijonka M, Pęcka M, Sokół M. Melatonin in Epilepsy: A New Mathematical Model of Diurnal Secretion. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:3861461. [PMID: 27478439 PMCID: PMC4961834 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3861461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The main objective of the study was to create a mathematical model that describes the melatonin circadian secretion and, then the functionality of the model was tested by a comparison of the melatonin secretions in children with and without epilepsy. Material and Methods. The patients were divided into the epilepsy group (EG, n = 52) and the comparison group (CG, n = 30). The melatonin level was assessed by a radioimmunoassay method. The diurnal melatonin secretion was described using a nonlinear least squares method. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was chosen to estimate the dependence of the acquired data. The model reproduces blood concentration profiles and its parameters were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test and logistic regression. Results. The correlation analysis performed for the EG and CG groups showed moderate correlations between age and the melatonin secretion model parameters. Patients with epilepsy are characterized by an increased phase shift of melatonin release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Paediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ulica Medyków 16, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- *Justyna Paprocka:
| | - Marek Kijonka
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Ulica Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Pęcka
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ulica Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Ulica Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kennaway DJ. Potential safety issues in the use of the hormone melatonin in paediatrics. J Paediatr Child Health 2015; 51:584-9. [PMID: 25643981 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night in response to light/dark information received by the retina and its integration by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. When administered to selected populations of adults, in particular those displaying delayed sleep phase disorder, melatonin may advance the time of sleep onset. It is, however, being increasingly prescribed for children with sleep disorders despite the fact that (i) it is not registered for use in children anywhere in the world; (ii) it has not undergone the formal safety testing expected for a new drug, especially long-term safety in children; (iii) it is known to have profound effects on the reproductive systems of rodents, sheep and primates, as well as effects on the cardiovascular, immune and metabolic systems; and (iv) there is the potential for important interactions with drugs sometimes prescribed for children. In this review, I discuss properties of melatonin outside its ability to alter sleep timing that have been widely ignored but which raise questions about the safety of its use in infants and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute, Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|