1
|
Kreitlow BL, Li W, Buchanan GF. Chronobiology of epilepsy and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:936104. [PMID: 36161152 PMCID: PMC9490261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.936104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by spontaneous, unprovoked seizures. Various insults render the brain hyperexcitable and susceptible to seizure. Despite there being dozens of preventative anti-seizure medications available, these drugs fail to control seizures in nearly 1 in 3 patients with epilepsy. Over the last century, a large body of evidence has demonstrated that internal and external rhythms can modify seizure phenotypes. Physiologically relevant rhythms with shorter periodic rhythms, such as endogenous circadian rhythms and sleep-state, as well as rhythms with longer periodicity, including multidien rhythms and menses, influence the timing of seizures through poorly understood mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to discuss the findings from both human and animal studies that consider the effect of such biologically relevant rhythms on epilepsy and seizure-associated death. Patients with medically refractory epilepsy are at increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The role that some of these rhythms play in the nocturnal susceptibility to SUDEP will also be discussed. While the involvement of some of these rhythms in epilepsy has been known for over a century, applying the rhythmic nature of such phenomenon to epilepsy management, particularly in mitigating the risk of SUDEP, has been underutilized. As our understanding of the physiological influence on such rhythmic phenomenon improves, and as technology for chronic intracranial epileptiform monitoring becomes more widespread, smaller and less invasive, novel seizure-prediction technologies and time-dependent chronotherapeutic seizure management strategies can be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Kreitlow
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - William Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Gordon F. Buchanan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Gordon F. Buchanan, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-4455
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Ding J, Wang X. The interaction between circadian rhythm and epilepsy. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-022-00094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEvidence about the interaction between circadian rhythms (CR) and epilepsy has been expanded with the application of advanced detection technology. An adequate understanding of how circadian system and epilepsy interact with each other could contribute to more accurate seizure prediction as well as rapid development of potential treatment timed to specific phases of CR. In this review, we present the reciprocal relationship between CR and epileptic activities from aspects of sleep effect, genetic modulation and brain biochemistry. It has been found that sleep-wake patterns, circadian timing systems and multidien rhythms have essential roles in seizure activities and interictal epileptiform discharge (IED). For instance, specific distribution patterns of seizures and IED have been reported, i.e., lighter non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage (stage 2) induces seizures while deeper NREM sleep stage (stage 3) activates IEDs. Furthermore, the epilepsy type, seizure type and seizure onset zone can significantly affect the rhythms of seizure occurrence. Apart from the common seizure types, several specific epilepsy syndromes also have a close correlation with sleep-wakefulness patterns. Sleep influences the epilepsy rhythm, and conversely, epilepsy alters the sleep rhythm through multiple pathways. Clock genes accompanied by two feedback loops of regulation have an important role in cortical excitability and seizure occurrence, which may be involved in the mTORopathy. The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) has a rhythm of melatonin and cortisol secretion under the circadian pattern, and then these hormones can feed back into a central oscillator to affect the SCN-dependent rhythms, leading to variable but prominent influence on epilepsy. Furthermore, we discuss the precise predictive algorithms and chronotherapy strategies based on different temporal patterns of seizure occurrence for patients with epilepsy, which may offer a valuable indication for non-invasive closed-loop treatment system. Optimization of the time and dose of antiseizure medications, and resynchronization of disturbed CR (by hormone therapy, light exposure, ketogenic diet, novel small molecules) would be beneficial for epileptic patients in the future. Before formal clinical practice, future large-scale studies are urgently needed to assist prediction and treatment of circadian seizure activities and address unsolved restrictions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bazhanova ED. Desynchronosis: Types, Main Mechanisms, Role in the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy and Other Diseases: A Literature Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081218. [PMID: 36013397 PMCID: PMC9410012 DOI: 10.3390/life12081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian information is stored in mammalian tissues by an autonomous network of transcriptional feedback loops that have evolved to optimally regulate tissue-specific functions. Currently, stable circadian rhythms of the expression of clock genes (Bmal1/Per2/Cry1, etc.), hormones, and metabolic genes (Glut4/leptin, etc.) have been demonstrated. Desynchronoses are disorders of the body’s biorhythms, where the direction and degree of shift of various indicators of the oscillatory process are disturbed. Desynchronosis can be caused by natural conditions or man-made causes. The disruption of circadian rhythms is a risk factor for the appearance of physiological and behavioral disorders and the development of diseases, including epilepsy, and metabolic and oncological diseases. Evidence suggests that seizure activity in the epilepsy phenotype is associated with circadian dysfunction. Interactions between epilepsy and circadian rhythms may be mediated through melatonin, sleep–wake cycles, and clock genes. The correction of circadian dysfunction can lead to a decrease in seizure activity and vice versa. Currently, attempts are being made to pharmacologically correct desynchronosis and related psycho-emotional disorders, as well as combined somatic pathology. On the other hand, the normalization of the light regimen, the regulation of sleep–wake times, and phototherapy as additions to standard treatment can speed up the recovery of patients with various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena D. Bazhanova
- Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry of Cell Function, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; ; Tel.: +7-9119008134
- Laboratory of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Golikov Research Center of Toxicology, 192019 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Apoptosis Studying, Astrakhan State University, 414040 Astrakhan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melatonin ameliorates Parkinson's disease via regulating microglia polarization in a RORα-dependent pathway. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:90. [PMID: 35803929 PMCID: PMC9270337 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An important pathophysiological component of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is circadian rhythm disorder, closely related to a decrease in circulated melatonin (MLT) level. It has been reported recently that retinoic acid-associated orphan nuclear receptor (RORα), for the potentiallyendogenous ligand MLT, plays an important role in various diseases. However, the function of RORα in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases remains much unclear. Here, we showed in a cellular PD model that RORα expression was down-regulated in 1 methyl 4 phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated BV2 cells but up-regulated by MLT. Of a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) - induced mouse model with RORα levels reduced in the midbrain tissue, MLT treatment (intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg/d for 7 days) significantly increased the RORα levels and protected dopamine neurons, with decreased inflammation and increased anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype in the microglia. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown implied the involvement of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. In conclusion, MLT ameliorates neuroinflammation by inhibiting STAT-related pro-inflammatory (M1-like) polarization of microglia, revealing alternative options for neuroprotective treatment of PD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chan F, Liu J. Molecular regulation of brain metabolism underlying circadian epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62 Suppl 1:S32-S48. [PMID: 33395505 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive study has demonstrated that epilepsy occurs with greater frequency at certain times in the 24-h cycle. Although these findings implicate an overlap between the circadian rhythm and epilepsy, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this circadian regulation are poorly understood. Because the 24-h rhythm is generated by the circadian molecular system, it is not surprising that this system comprised of many circadian genes is implicated in epilepsy. We summarized evidence in the literature implicating various circadian genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Rev-erb⍺, and Ror⍺ in epilepsy. In various animal models of epilepsy, the circadian oscillation and the steady-state level of these genes are disrupted. The downstream pathway of these genes involves a large number of metabolic pathways associated with epilepsy. These pathways include pyridoxal metabolism, the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and the regulation of redox state. We propose that disruption of these metabolic pathways could mediate the circadian regulation of epilepsy. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of circadian regulation of epilepsy would enable us to precisely target the circadian disruption in epilepsy for a novel therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Judy Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bernard C. Circadian/multidien Molecular Oscillations and Rhythmicity of Epilepsy (MORE). Epilepsia 2020; 62 Suppl 1:S49-S68. [PMID: 33063860 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of seizures at specific times of the day has been consistently observed for centuries in individuals with epilepsy. Electrophysiological recordings provide evidence that seizures have a higher probability of occurring at a given time during the night and day cycle in individuals with epilepsy here referred to as the seizure rush hour. Which mechanisms underlie such circadian rhythmicity of seizures? Why don't they occur every day at the same time? Which mechanisms may underlie their occurrence outside the rush hour? In this commentary, I present a hypothesis: MORE - Molecular Oscillations and Rhythmicity of Epilepsy, a conceptual framework to study and understand the mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythmicity of seizures and their probabilistic nature. The core of the hypothesis is the existence of ~24-hour oscillations of gene and protein expression throughout the body in different cells and organs. The orchestrated molecular oscillations control the rhythmicity of numerous body events, such as feeding and sleep. The concept developed here is that molecular oscillations may favor seizure genesis at preferred times, generating the condition for a seizure rush hour. However, the condition is not sufficient, as other factors are necessary for a seizure to occur. Studying these molecular oscillations may help us understand seizure genesis mechanisms and find new therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers. The MORE hypothesis can be generalized to comorbidities and the slower multidien (week/month period) rhythmicity of seizures, a phenomenon addressed in another article in this issue of Epilepsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bernard
- Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu C, Yu J, Ruan Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. Decoding Circadian Rhythm and Epileptic Activities: Clues From Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2020; 11:751. [PMID: 32793110 PMCID: PMC7393483 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between circadian rhythm and epilepsy has been recognized for decades. Yet many questions underlying the complex mechanisms of their interaction remain elusive. A better understanding on this topic allows the development of accurate seizure-detection algorithm and alternative precise therapeutic strategies. Preclinical laboratory studies based on epileptic animal models, with controllable epileptogenic pathology and an array of intervention strategies, shed light on the bidirectional effects between circadian rhythm and epileptic seizures as well as their underlying mechanisms. Here, we reviewed findings on the interaction between circadian rhythm and epileptic seizures in the preclinical setting. We present the possible mechanisms at molecular, cellular and circuitry levels. We propose that future experimental designs should take into account the relationship between circadian rhythm and epilepsy as well as the underlying mechanisms in different types of animal models, which may have a translational significance as stepping stones for clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cenglin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeping Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leite Góes Gitai D, de Andrade TG, Dos Santos YDR, Attaluri S, Shetty AK. Chronobiology of limbic seizures: Potential mechanisms and prospects of chronotherapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:122-134. [PMID: 30629979 PMCID: PMC7023906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) characterized by progressive development of complex partial seizures originating from the hippocampus is the most prevalent and refractory type of epilepsy. One of the remarkable features of mTLE is the rhythmic pattern of occurrence of spontaneous seizures, implying a dependence on the endogenous clock system for seizure threshold. Conversely, circadian rhythms are affected by epilepsy too. Comprehending how the circadian system and seizures interact with each other is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of epilepsy as well as for developing innovative therapies that are efficacious for better seizure control. In this review, we confer how the temporal dysregulation of the circadian clock in the hippocampus combined with multiple uncoupled oscillators could lead to periodic seizure occurrences and comorbidities. Unraveling these associations with additional research would help in developing chronotherapy for mTLE, based on the chronobiology of spontaneous seizures. Notably, differential dosing of antiepileptic drugs over the circadian period and/or strategies that resynchronize biological rhythms may substantially improve the management of seizures in mTLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leite Góes Gitai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sahithi Attaluri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matos HDC, Koike BDV, Pereira WDS, de Andrade TG, Castro OW, Duzzioni M, Kodali M, Leite JP, Shetty AK, Gitaí DLG. Rhythms of Core Clock Genes and Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Post- Status Epilepticus Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:632. [PMID: 30116220 PMCID: PMC6082935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) with the circadian system control is apparent from an oscillatory pattern of limbic seizures, daytime's effect on seizure onset and the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs. Moreover, seizures per se can interfere with the biological rhythm output, including circadian oscillation of body temperature, locomotor activity, EEG pattern as well as the transcriptome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this cross-talk remain unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the temporal expression of seven core circadian transcripts (Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3) and the spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) in post-status epilepticus (SE) model of mTLE. Twenty-four hour oscillating SLA remained intact in post-SE groups although the circadian phase and the amount and intensity of activity were changed in early post-SE and epileptic phases. The acrophase of the SLA rhythm was delayed during epileptogenesis, a fragmented 24 h rhythmicity and extended active phase length appeared in the epileptic phase. The temporal expression of circadian transcripts Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3 was also substantially altered. The oscillatory expression of Bmal1 was maintained in rats imperiled to SE, but with lower amplitude (A = 0.2) and an advanced acrophase in the epileptic phase. The diurnal rhythm of Cry1 and Cry2 was absent in the early post-SE but was recovered in the epileptic phase. Per1 and Per2 rhythmic expression were disrupted in post-SE groups while Per3 presented an arrhythmic profile in the epileptic phase, only. The expression of Clock did not display rhythmic pattern in any condition. These oscillating patterns of core clock genes may contribute to hippocampal 24 h cycling and, consequently to seizure periodicity. Furthermore, by using a pool of samples collected at 6 different Zeitgeber Times (ZT), we found that all clock transcripts were significantly dysregulated after SE induction, except Per3 and Per2. Collectively, altered SLA rhythm in early post-SE and epileptic phases implies a possible role for seizure as a nonphotic cue, which is likely linked to activation of hippocampal–accumbens pathway. On the other hand, altered temporal expression of the clock genes after SE suggests their involvement in the MTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa de Carvalho Matos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa Dos Santos Pereira
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Tiago G de Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Olagide W Castro
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao P Leite
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel L G Gitaí
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil.,Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rocha AKADA, de Lima E, Amaral F, Peres R, Cipolla-Neto J, Amado D. Altered MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors expression in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 71:23-34. [PMID: 28460319 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental findings show that melatonin may be used as an adjuvant to the treatment of epilepsy-related complications by alleviates sleep disturbances, circadian alterations and attenuates seizures alone or in combination with AEDs. In addition, it has been observed that there is a circadian component on seizures, which cause changes in circadian system and in melatonin production. Nevertheless, the dynamic changes of the melatoninergic system, especially with regard to its membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the natural course of TLE remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 24-hour profile of MT1 and MT2 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus of rats submitted to the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model analyzing the influence of the circadian rhythm in the expression pattern during the acute, silent, and chronic phases. Melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2 mRNA expression levels were increased in the hippocampus of rats few hours after SE, with MT1 returning to normal levels and MT2 reducing during the silent phase. During the chronic phase, mRNA expression levels of both receptors return to levels close to control, however, presenting a different daily profile, showing that there is a circadian change during the chronic phase. Also, during the acute and silent phase it was possible to verify MT1 label only in CA2 hippocampal region with an increased expression only in the dark period of the acute phase. The MT2 receptor was present in all hippocampal regions, however, it was reduced in the acute phase and it was found in astrocytes. In chronic animals, there is a reduction in the presence of both receptors especially in regions where there is a typical damage derived from epilepsy. Therefore, we conclude that SE induced by pilocarpine is able to change melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2 protein and mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus of rats few hours after SE as well as in silent and chronic phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliangela de Lima
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departament of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Peres
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Amado
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bu W, Zhao WQ, Li WL, Dong CZ, Zhang Z, Li QJ. Neuropeptide Y suppresses epileptiform discharges by regulating AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit in rat hippocampal neurons. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:387-395. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
12
|
Purslane protects against the reproductive toxicity of carbamazepine treatment in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|